重庆市南开2024-2025学年高三上学期7月月考英语试卷（解析版）

重庆南开中学高2025级高三7月考试英语试题本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分。共150分。考试用时120分钟。第I卷（共110分）第一部分听力（共两节；满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.Playfootball.B.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder.B.Designauniform.C.Formateam.3.WhatisSally’sfavoritecity?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice.4.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Toacafe.B.Toadessertshop.C.Toabookstore.5.WhatrelationisMr.Gomeztotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclient.C.Hisboss.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Drivingacar.B.Repairingacar.C.Borrowingacar.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Confused.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.Anewworkmate.C.Travelarrangements.9.HowdoesStevenJohnsonimpresstheman?A.Byhisworkingexperiences.B.Byhiscommunicationskills.C.Byhisinternationalbackground.10.WhenwillthespeakersmeetStevenJohnson?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Theweekafternext.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Startanewposition.B.Packhisbelongings.C.Attendameeting.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?AMovingtohisnewoffice.B.Checkingoffofficesupplies.C.Preparingforapromotioncampaign.13.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Reviewanexpensereport.B.Providethemanwithsupplies.C.Arrangeacompanycelebration.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Atacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Atapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosethelocation?A.It’sprivate.B.It’sfamilyfriendly.C.It’srequestedbythecharity.16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Organizesomeactivities.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Contactsomebands.17.Whatistheevent’spurpose?A.Toenjoysomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhydidthespeakerlearnArabic?A.ShewantedtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherteacher.C.Shebecameinterestedintheculture.19.Whatisthebiggestchallengeforthespeaker?A.Sufferingfromcultureshock.B.Findingahotelandaccommodation.C.MasteringwrittenandspokenArabic.20.Whatexcitesthespeakermost?A.Beinginvitedtoameal.B.Shoppingatalocalmarket.C.Gettingtoknowthelocals.第二部分阅读理解（共两节；满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。AHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgramforhighschoolstudentsisanintensivetwo-weeksummerprogramdesignedtogiveyouaglimpseofcollegelife.YouwillliveontheHarvardcampusduringyourtwo-weeksessionwhiletakingacollege-levelcoursewithotherPre-CollegeProgramstudents.WhoCanParticipateinthePre-CollegeProgram?Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramisdesignedformature,academicallymotivatedstudentswhoareinterestedinexploringapotentialmajororsimplyfindingoutwhatcollegeisreallylike.Youmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:Willgraduatefromhighschoolandentercollegein2025or2026.Areatleast16yearsoldbyJune22,2024,andwillnotturn19yearsoldbeforeJuly31,2024.ImportantDeadlines:EarlyApplicationandPriorityFinancialAidDeadline—January10,2024RegularApplicationandFinancialAidDeadline—February14,2024LateApplicationDeadline—April10,2024CoursesatHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgramWithalmost30coursestochoosefromineachsession,you’resuretofindatopicthatsparksyourinterestamongthecoursesofferedtoPre-CollegeProgramstudentsAttheendoftheprogram,you’llreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasaHarvardtranscript(成绩单)withagradeofARorNM(“metallrequirements”or“requirementsnotmet”).Thisisagreatwaytoenhanceyourcollegeapplication.Pleasenote:YouneedtoattendeveryclassentirelytoreceiveapassinggradeofAR.Explorethe2024coursecatalogorbrowsecoursesbytopicbelow.Speech,WritingandLiteraturePsychology,Medicine,andPublicHealthLaw,Politics,Philosophy,andHistoryBusinessandLeadershipRace,Gender,andEthicsScience,Technology,Engineering,Arts,andMath(STEAM)WhyChooseHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramcombinesthehardworkofanIvyLeagueeducationwiththefunthatcomeswithlivingandstudying.Whetheryou’reengaginginmeaningfuldebateinclass,sharingyourskillsatatalentshow,orexploringtheBostonarea,you’llbecreatingmemoriesthatwilllastyoualifetime.1.WhichhighschoolstudentsarequalifiedforHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Studentsyoungerthan16afterJune22,2024.B.Studentsolderthan19beforeJuly31,2024.C.2025graduatesapplyingafterApril10,2024.D.2026graduatesapplyingonFebruary13,2024.2.WhatdoestheHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARindicate?A.Thestudenthasachievedthecourseobjectives.B.Thestudenthasnotmetthecourserequirements.C.Thestudenthasbeenguaranteedhiscollegeapplication.D.Thestudenthasfinishedalltheclassesforcollegegraduation.3.WhatisthemainpurposeofHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Toofferstudentsatasteofcollegestudyandon-campuslife.B.Toensurethatstudentsreceiveapassinggradeinalltheircourses.C.Toprovidefinancialaidtothestudentswhoapplyfortheprogram.D.TogivestudentsachancetoexploreBostonandengageinsocialactivities.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了哈佛大学预科的一些信息，包括申请人资格和申请日期最后期限，课程设置，以及该课程的吸引力所在。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章“WhoCanParticipateinthePre-CollegeProgram?”部分内容“Youmustmeetthefollowingcriteria:Willgraduatefromhighschoolandentercollegein2025or2026.Areatleast16yearsoldbyJune22,2024,andwillnotturn19yearsoldbeforeJuly31,2024.(您必须满足以下条件：在2025年或2026年高中毕业并进入大学。2024年6月22日前年满16岁，2024年7月31日前未满19岁。)”以及“ImportantDeadlines:EarlyApplicationandPriorityFinancialAidDeadline—January10,2024;RegularApplicationandFinancialAidDeadline—February14,2024;LateApplicationDeadline—April10,2024(重要截止日期：提前申请和优先财政援助截止日期——2024年1月10日；常规申请和财政援助截止日期——2024年2月14日；申请截止日期——2024年4月10日)”可知，申请者应该是2025年或2026年高中毕业生，年龄要求为2024年6月22日前年满16岁且2024年7月31日前未满19岁，并于2024年1月10日前进行提前申请，于2月14日前进行常规申请或于4月10日前进行申请的人。选项D“2026graduatesapplyingonFebruary13,2024.(2026年毕业生将于2024年2月13日申请。)”提到的申请者为2026年高中毕业生，结合常识可知，美国高中毕业生年龄一般在18岁到19岁之间，同时，申请时间在2月14日之前，符合以上条件。故选D项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据文章“CoursesatHarvard’sPre-CollegeProgram”部分内容“Attheendoftheprogram,you’llreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor,aswellasaHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARorNM(“metallrequirements”or“requirementsnotmet”).Thisisagreatwaytoenhanceyourcollegeapplication.Pleasenote:YouneedtoattendeveryclassentirelytoreceiveapassinggradeofAR.(在课程结束时，您将收到导师的书面评估，以及哈佛成绩单，成绩为AR或NM(“满足所有要求”或“不满足要求”)。这是一个提高你的大学申请的好方法。请注意：你需要完全参加每节课才能获得AR的及格分数。)”可知，得到AR成绩单说明满足了所有科目要求，即，实现了所有科目设定的目标，并在申请大学方面有所帮助。由此推知，拿到AR成绩单意味着该学生已达到课程目标。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章首段内容“Harvard’sPre-CollegeProgramforhighschoolstudentsisanintensivetwo-weeksummerprogramdesignedtogiveyouaglimpseofcollegelife.YouwillliveontheHarvardcampusduringyourtwo-weeksessionwhiletakingacollege-levelcoursewithotherPre-CollegeProgramstudents.(哈佛大学面向高中生的大学预科课程是一个为期两周的强化暑期课程，旨在让你一窥大学生活。在为期两周的课程中，你将住在哈佛校园里，同时与其他大学预科课程的学生一起学习大学水平的课程。)”可知，哈佛大学预科课程旨在让学生了解大学生活，住在哈佛校园里，并与其他学生一起学习大学水平的课程。由此可推知，其目的应是为学生提供大学学习和校园生活的体验。故选A项。BNestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean“ecologicaloasis”.Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.Soonafter,hisfatherPatrickJanCillenjoinedher.In2017,thefamilyrentedaplotamidtheforesttoestablishanecologicalfarmwheretheylaidthefoundation,levelingtheland,sowingpasturesandrearinglambsandchicks.Thelocalshaveopenlyembracedtheforeigners,invitingthemtofestivitiesandcelebratingtraditionalChineseholidaystogether.In2018,YangChengkai,a34-year-oldvillager,befriendedthefamily,oftenassistingthemonthefarm.“Thecommunityhasembracedthisfamily.Eventhevendorsatthelocalmarketcontributebygivingthemvegetablescrapsforfreetofeedtheirlivestock.”Yangsays.Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.LivinginChina,the28-year-oldBelgianhaswitnessedthecountry’sremarkablechanges.HehasalsoseizedtheopportunitiesoftheInternetandnewmediatoincreasethefarm’svisibility.PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike“Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou”onvariousplatforms.BysharingtheirdailylivesonthefarmandthenaturalbeautyofruralChina,theircontenthasquicklyearnedover700,000subscribers.4.WhatmadeHettyCillendecidetosettleinGuizhou?A.Thenaturalbeauty. B.Volunteerwork.C.Aresearchproject. D.Careerprospects.5.HowdoesthefamilyfarmcontributetoecologicalprogressinGuizhou?A.Bycreatingjobsforthelocals. B.ByintroducingWesternequipment.C.Bypractisingsustainablewayoffarming. D.Byfacilitatingeco-tourismandgreenliving.6.HowhasKevinpromotedthefarm?A.Hehascreatedawebsite. B.Hehassetupsocialmediaaccounts.C.Hehasitadvertisedbylocalvillagers. D.Hehasorganizedeventsforsubscribers.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhouB.BelgiansGetEnchantedbytheBeautyofGuizhouC.BelgiansBecomeaSocialMediaInfluencerinChinaD.BelgiansLiveinaLocalChineseCommunity【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了比利时人KevinCillen和他的家人在中国贵州省的一个山村经营生态农场的故事，他们结合西方农业技术和当地乡村实践，创建了一个“生态绿洲”，并见证了中国的巨大变化。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.（这个家庭在中国追求他们的农业梦想始于2000年，当时Kevin的母亲HettyCillen第一次作为中国志愿者来到中国。贵州迷人的风景和丰富的文化遗产让她着迷，使她把这个外国当成了自己的家。）”可知，贵州迷人的风景和丰富的文化遗产让HettyCillen着迷，所以她决定定居在贵州。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.（隐藏在茂密森林中的家庭农场是贵州生态进步的证明。农场种植多样化的草料以提供高质量的动物饲料，使用太阳能电池板提供清洁能源，并采用雨水收集系统以确保稳定的水源。）”可知，这个家庭农场通过实践可持续的农业方式来促进贵州的生态进步。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike‘Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou’onvariousplatforms.（他与社交媒体网红邱野合作，在各种平台上开设了‘Kevin在贵州的家人’等账号。）”可知，Kevin通过在各种平台上开设账号来推广农场。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其结合第一段“NestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean‘ecologicaloasis’.（坐落在中国贵州省一个山村的中心，有一个独特的生态家庭农场。它由28岁的比利时人KevinCillen经营，他对这片土地充满热情。他们与父母和兄弟姐妹一起，将西方农业技术与当地农村实践相结合，培育出一片‘生态绿洲’）”可知，本文主要讲述了比利时人KevinCillen和他的家人在中国贵州省经营生态农场的故事。所以，A项“BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhou（比利时人在贵州收获美好的农场生活）”最适合作文章标题。故选A项。CWhenyouseesomeonetakethatfirstsipoffreshlymademilktea,theirfaceslooklikepurejoy.Acrosstheworld,customersflocktotheirfavoritespotstomeetwithfriendsandsavorsipsofthesetastydrinks.Intheearly2000s,though,milkteawasjustcomingonthescene.Thefewbrandsthatearnedafootholdintheindustrywereconcerned:Wouldmilkteajustbeanotherfad(一时风尚)food?Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,would,peoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog.Unsureofwhatconsumerstrulyfelttowardsthedrink,theyofferedasmanyflavorsaspossible.Theyalsohadnocleardefinitionofhowtheyweredistinct—theirbrandpromise,productline,andproductpackagingallseemednearlyidenticaltotheircompetitors.Howcouldtheydefinethemselves,inawaythatwoulddeeplyresonate?LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila,whichspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer“why”.Theagencyconductedaseriesofpsychological-basedmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.Theirresearchrevealedthatmilkteatriggeredthreeconsistentpsychologicalresponses.Peopleconnectedtomilkthroughtheconceptofnurturing;theyfondlyrememberedtheirchildhoodandbeingcaredforbytheirmothers.Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties;respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadindigestionproblemsorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.Lastly,theyassociatedmilkteaitselfwithteenagefun:aguiltypleasureoftheiryouth.Theyhaduncoveredthethreepsychologicalcornerstonesofthemilkteaexperience:nurturing,healing,andteenagefun.Thissetofinsightswascrucial.Byincludingthemintothecoreoftheirbrandstrategy,theychartedanentirelynewpath.8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“earnedafoothold”meaninParagraph2?A.Madeanadjustment. B.Wonaposition.C.Losttheinitiative. D.Achievedabreakthrough.9.WhatwasSerenitea’smainconcernin2014?A.Beingconfusedwithotherbrands. B.Therapidgrowthofmilkteabrands.C.Thepossibilityofmilkteacatchingon. D.Fallingbehindthechangingconsumertastes.10.WhatdidCIABootlegManilaspecializein?A.Productpackagingdesign. B.Marketexpansionstrategies.C.Analysisofcustomerpsychology. D.Flavorinnovationanddevelopment.11.Whatwasamongthefindingsoftheresearch?A.Milkteawaspopularamongteenagers.B.Customersfoundallmilkteaidentical.C.Customersassociatedmilkteawithhealth.D.Milkteabrandsignoredconsumers’feelings.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Serenitea这个奶茶品牌在发展过程中遇到挑战，以及他们如何通过深入研究消费者心理，找到了品牌的独特定位，从而开辟了一条全新的发展道路。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.Whilesuccessfullyopening60stores,theyfoundthemselvesinastrategicfog.”（这些都是马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年面临的问题。虽然成功地开了60家店，但他们发现自己陷入了战略迷雾。）可知，马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea虽然已经开了60家店，在奶茶行业成功立足，但它仍然充满担忧。由此推知，“马尼拉奶茶公司Serenitea”是对划线词所在句中“Thefewbrandsthatearnedafootholdintheindustry”的举例说明，其意为“为数不多的在这个行业站稳脚跟的品牌”，后置定语从句“thatearnedafootholdintheindustry”中“earnedafoothold”的意思是“赢得了一席之地；站稳脚跟”，即“Wonaposition”。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Andwithsomuchnewexcitementforthisproduct,would,peoplebeabletodistinguishmilkteacompanies?ThesewerethequestionsthatSerenitea,aManila-basedmilk-teacompany,facedin2014.”（伴随着这款产品带来的如此多的新兴奋点，人们能否区分开奶茶公司呢？这些是马尼拉一家奶茶公司Serenitea在2014年所面临的问题。）和第三段中“Theyalsohadnocleardefinitionofhowtheyweredistinct—theirbrandpromise,productline,andproductpackagingallseemednearlyidenticaltotheircompetitors.Howcouldtheydefinethemselves,inawaythatwoulddeeplyresonate?”（他们也不清楚自己究竟有何独特之处——他们的品牌承诺、产品线和产品包装似乎都与竞争对手几乎一模一样。他们究竟该如何界定自身，才能引起消费者的强烈共鸣呢？）可推知，Serenitea在2014年的主要担忧是自身品牌与其他奶茶品牌没有区分度，容易混淆。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“LikeAirbnb,Sereniteapartneredwithanagency,CIABootlegManila,whichspecializesindrillingdowntothedeepconsumer‘why’.Theagencyconductedaseriesofpsychological-basedmarketresearch.Specifically,theyprobedtheconsumer’sdeeper,emotionalconnectionstomilktea,includingtheirearliestchildhoodmemoriesofmilkandtea.”（像Airbnb一样，Serenitea与一家名为CIABootlegManila的机构合作，该机构专门研究深入探究消费者的‘为什么’。该机构进行了一系列以心理为基础的市场调查。具体来说，他们探究了消费者与奶茶更深层次的情感联系，包括他们童年对牛奶和茶的最早记忆。）可知，CIABootlegManila进行了一系列以心理为基础的市场调查，专门深入探究消费者的心理。故选C项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next,consumersconnectedteatoitshealingproperties;respondentswouldrecallreceivingteawhentheyhadindigestionproblemsorseeingtheirparentsdrinkingherbalteaforhealthreasons.”（其次，消费者将奶茶与其治愈特性联系起来；受访者会回忆起当他们消化不良时收到茶，或者看到他们的父母为了健康原因喝草药茶。）可知，研究发现消费者把奶茶与健康联系起来。故选C项。DShadowsareoftenassociatedwithdarknessanduncertainty.Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光学的)effecttogenerateelectricity.Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinillumination(照明)betweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.It’smadeupofaseriesofthinstripsofgoldfilmonasiliconlayer,whichisthenplacedonaflexibleplasticbase.“Inconventionaloptoelectronics(光电子学)whereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.Inthiswork,wetookadvantageoftheilluminationcontrastcausedbyshadowsasanindirectsourceofpower.Thecontrastinilluminationcausesavoltage(电压)differencebetweentheshadowandilluminatedsections,resultinginanelectriccurrent.Thisnovelconceptofharvestingenergyinthepresenceofshadowsisunprecedented.”explainedresearchteamleaderProfessorTanSweeChing.Mobileelectronicdevicessuchassmartphones,smartglassesande-watchesrequireefficientandcontinuouspowersupply.Asthesedevicesarewornbothindoorsandoutdoors,wearablepowersourcesthatcouldharnesssurroundinglightcanpotentiallyimprovethefunctionofthesedevices.Whilecommerciallyavailablesolarcellscanperformthisroleinanoutdoorenvironment,theirenergyharvestingefficiencydropssignificantlyunderindoorconditionswhereshadowsarepersistent.Thisnewapproachtomaximizingtheefficiencyofenergyharvestingisbothexcitingandtimely.“WhenthewholeSEGisunderilluminationorinshadow,theamountofelectricitygeneratedisverylowornoneatall.WhenapartoftheSEGisilluminated,asignificantelectricaloutputisdetected.WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively.”saidco-teamleaderProfessorAndrewWee.TheNUSresearchersarealsolookingatdevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtoclothingtoharvestenergyduringnormaldailyactivities.Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.12.Whyareshadowsconsideredundesirableintraditionaloptoelectronics?A.Theyservenousefulpurpose. B.Theyweakendeviceperformance.C.Theyare.rareinoutdoorconditions. D.Theyaredifficulttocontrolorpredict.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheSEG?A.It’sspeciallydesignedtoworkinopenareas.B.Itwillreplaceexistingsolarcellsonceandforall.C.It’smosteffectivewhenfullypositionedinlightorinshadow.D.Itrequiresabalanceoflightandshadowtomaximizeelectricitygeneration.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TheSEGisunlikelytoworkefficientlyindarkplaces.B.TheresearchersarelookingtoreducethecostoftheSEG.C.ThedevelopmentofSEGislimitedbyitshighproductioncost.D.TheresearchersaredevelopingwearableSEGsattachedtosmartphones.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.B.Theproblemswithshadowsinconventionaloptoelectronics.C.Thechallengesofadaptingtechnologyforwearabledevices.D.Aneedforefficientpowersupplyinmobileelectronicdevices.【答案】12.B13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的可产生电的发明，该发明利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电，该设备被称为“阴影效应能量发生器”。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Inconventionaloptoelectronicswhereasteadysourceoflightisusedtopowerdevices,shadowsareundesirable,sincetheydegradetheperformanceofdevices.(在传统的光电子技术中，使用稳定的光源为设备供电，阴影是不可取的，因为它们会降低设备的性能。)”可知，阴影不可取的原因在于它们会降低设备的性能。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“WealsofoundthatthebestsurfaceareaforelectricitygenerationiswhenhalfoftheSEGisilluminatedandtheotherhalfinshadow,asthisgivesenoughareaforchargegenerationandcollectionrespectively.(我们还发现，发电的最佳表面积是当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，因为这分别为电荷的产生和收集提供了足够的面积。)”可知，当SEG的一半被照亮而另一半处于阴影中时，即，光影面积平衡时，可实现最佳发电表面积。由此可推知，它需要光和影的平衡来最大限度地发电。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Anotherpromisingareaofresearchisthedevelopmentoflow-costSEGforefficientharvestingofenergyfromindoorlighting.(另一个有前景的研究领域是开发低成本的SEG，以有效地从室内照明中收集能量。)”可知，开发低成本的SEG是有前景的。由此可推知，研究人员在寻求降低SEG的成本。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Now,researchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS)aregivingshadowsapositivespinbydemonstratingawaytoharnessthiscommonbutoftenoverlookedoptical(光学的)effecttogenerateelectricity.(现在，新加坡国立大学的研究人员正在给阴影一个积极的转变，他们展示了一种利用这种常见但常被忽视的光学效应来发电的方法。)”和文章第二段内容“Theteamcreatedadevicecalledashadow-effectenergygenerator(SEG),whichmakesuseofthecontrastinilluminationbetweenlitandshadowedareastogenerateelectricity.(该团队创建了一种称为阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）的设备，该设备利用明亮和阴影区域之间的照明对比来发电。)”可知，文章主要以“阴影效应能量发生器（SEG）”为话题，对其原理和应用进行了阐述。因此，选项A“Aninnovativeuseofshadowstogenerateelectricity.(一种利用阴影发电的创新方法。)”可对文章内容进行概述。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatCanWeLearnFromTheArtofWar?TheArtofWarisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandinfluentialmilitarytexts,writtenbytheChinesestrategistSunTzu.Afamousmilitarytexthasnowturnedintogeneralprinciplesforconflict.Itisrecommendedbyallthefamousbusinessleadersandevensportscoaches.___16___Wheneverthereisabattlewithinourselves,oraconflictinanorganization,TheArtofWarprovidesthenecessaryguidelinesforvictory.Wanttoknowmoreaboutthelessonsitprovides?Takealook!Chooseyourbattlescarefully.OneofthefirstlessonsthatwelearnfromTheArtofWaristochooseourbattles.Itisbettertounderstandwhenyoushouldengageinaconflictandwhenitwillbewisetoavoidanyargumentatall.___17___Planandstrategize.PlanningisthecoreofTheArtofWar.___18___Infact,itisalsoimportantineverydaylifetohaveclearsmartgoalstoincreaseyourchancesofsuccess.Inwar,thewayistoavoidwhatisstrongandtostrikeatwhatisweak.Sowhetheryouaregoingtostartabusiness,orfaceadifficulty,itisalwaysabetterideatoapproachtheseeverydayproblemswithastrategy.___19___Knowingyourselfisimportantbutitisalsoequallyimportanttoknowyourenemy.Underestimatingyourenemycanbethebiggestmistakeyoumake.Understandyourstrengthsbutalsorecognizeyourweaknesses.Thiscanhelpyoudevelopstrategiestoprotecttheweakestpartsofyourself.Knowyourselfandknowyourenemy,andyouwillremainunharmedinnumerousconflicts.Beadaptableandflexible.Youcanusepsychologicalwar,yetyouneedtobeflexibleyourself.Youneedtoreactquicklytoyourchangingcircumstancesandadapttothem.Inwarandlife,thekeytosuccessliesinadaptabilityandflexibility.___20___Seizeopportunities,andremainresponsivetothedynamicchangesoftheirenvironment.A.Assessyourenemyandyourself.B.Knowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.C.WhyisTheArtofWarsoinfluentialandhelpful?D.Hewillwinwhoknowswhentofightandwhennottofight.E.Thebestwayistoavoidwhatisstrongandtoattackwhatisweak.F.Victorybelongstothosewhocanadjusttochangingcircumstances.G.Havingawell-definedstrategybeforeanyconflictcanguideyouthroughit.【答案】16.C17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《孙子兵法》这部著作对个人和组织冲突管理的重要性。【16题详解】下文“Wheneverthereisabattlewithinourselves,oraconflictinanorganization,TheArtofWarprovidesthenecessaryguidelinesforvictory.(无论何时我们内心有斗争，或者组织中有冲突，《孙子兵法》都能提供必要的胜利指南。)”提到了《孙子兵法》对我们的影响和帮助，选项C中influentialandhelpful是关键词，和下文构成顺承关系，所以C选项“为什么《孙子兵法》有如此大的影响力和帮助?”能引起下文，符合语境。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Itisbettertounderstandwhenyoushouldengageinaconflictandwhenitwillbewisetoavoidanyargumentatall.(最好明白什么时候你应该参与冲突，什么时候避免任何争论是明智的。)”提到了选择斗争的时机，选项D中的两个when是关键词，与上文呼应，所以D选项“知道什么时候战斗，什么时候不战斗的人会赢。”能承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。【18题详解】本段小标题“Planandstrategize.(制定计划和策略。)”提到了计划和策略，选项G中strategy是关键词，与本段小标题呼应，所以G选项“在任何冲突之前有一个明确的策略可以指导你度过难关。”符合本段小标题内容。故选G项。【19题详解】空格处是小标题的位置，下文“Knowingyourselfisimportantbutitisalsoequallyimportanttoknowyourenemy.(了解你自己很重要，但了解你的敌人也同样重要。)”提到了要了解自己和敌人，所以A选项“评估你的敌人和你自己。”能概括下文内容，符合语境。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Youneedtoreactquicklytoyourchangingcircumstancesandadapttothem.Inwarandlife,thekeytosuccessliesinadaptabilityandflexibility.(你需要对不断变化的环境做出快速反应并适应它们。在战争和生活中，成功的关键在于适应性和灵活性。)”提到了适应性和灵活性，选项F中adjustto是关键词，与上文呼应，所以F选项“胜利属于那些能够适应不断变化的环境的人。”能承接上文内容，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。Inmylastyearofhighschool,Iwasundergreatpressure.MyfriendsandIwere___21___tocollege,writingessaysansweringthequestion,“Whatmakesyoudifferent?”Withoutdoubt,weallknewtheanswer.Inaculturewhereall___22___tobeacheerleaderbutonlyafewcould,itwasthemomentwhenweputontheuniformthatmadeus___23___.AsIlistedallmy___24___intheessay,Irealizednonemeantmorethanbeingacheerleader.Atseventeen,Iwas___25___thatthecollegeadmissionsdepartmentsfeltalike.Mytension___26___withthetryouts(选拔)approaching.Luckily,Ihadmyfamilies’___27___,especiallyMolly,myyoungersister,whostartedthesamehighschoolthatyear.Not___28___enough,Mollyalwaysfearedtheunknown.Butwithmyexperiencesand___29___,shegraduallyadjustedtoandeve