职称英语卫生类B级模拟41

［模拟］职称英语卫生类B级模拟41

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

TheAmericansrecognizethattheUNcanbethe(channel)forgreater

diplomaticactivity.

A.place

B.medium

C.resort

D.tunnel

参考答案：B

channel意为“渠道，通道"，place意为“地方”，medium意为“媒介,工具”,

resort意为“度假圣地”,tunnel意为“地道”。根据题意，channel在这里

的意思引申为“媒介，中介”，只有medium和它意思相近。故答案为B。

第2题：

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatternallowsmorewomen

to(takeadvantageof)jobopportunities.

A.makeuseof

B.catchupwith

C.castlighton

D.getridof

参考答案：A

takeadvantageof意为“利用，，使用“，makeuseof意为“利用,使用”，

catchupwith意为“赶上”，castlighton意为“阐明，使人了解"，getrid

of意为“除掉，去掉”。根据题意，takeadvantageof是“利用，使用”的意

思，与makeuseof同义。故答案为A。

第3题：

Nobodycanhelpbutbe(fascinated)bytheworldintowhichheistaken

bythesciencefiction.

A.impressed

B.amused

C.attracted

D.puzzled

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参考答案：C

fascinate意为“使着迷，使极感兴趣”，impress意为“给……以深刻印象”，

amuse意为“使人发笑”，attract意为“吸引，引起注意"，puzzle意为“使

迷惑”。根据题意，fascinate在句中表示“吸引"，与attract同义。故答案

为C。

第4题：

SenatorJamesMeekshas(calledoff)aboycottofChicagoPublicSchools,

organizedtoprotestIllinois'educationfundingsystem.

A.reclaimed

B.proposed

C.indulged

D.canceled

参考答案：D

calloff意为“取消"，reclaim意为“利用，收回"，propose意为“提议，

建议"，indulge意为“放纵，容许"，cancel意为“取消，废除”。根据题意，

calloff在句中表示“取消"，与cancel同义。故答案为D。

第5题：

Inspiteofaproblemwiththe(faulty)equipment,someveryusefulwork

wasaccomplished.

A.imperfect

B.temporary

C.emergency

D.reinstalled

参考答案：A

faulty意为“有错误的，有缺点的"，imperfect意为“有缺点的，不完善的”，

temporary意为“临时的"，emergency意为“紧急的”,reinstalled意为“重

新安装的”。故答案为A。

第6题：

TalksonclimatechangeresumedintheGermancityofBonnonJuly16to

(combat)globalwarming.

A.focuson

B.settledown

C.fightagainst

D.sumup

参考答案：C

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combat意为“与战斗，与斗争"，focuson意为“集中"，settledown

意为“定居，安顿下来”,fightagainst意为“与……做斗争"sumup意为“总

结”。故答案为C。

第7题：

Silk,althoughitisconsidereda(delicate)fabric,isinfactverystrong,

butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.

A.soft

B.sheer

C.fragile

D.refined

参考答案：C

delicate意为“娇弱的，纤细的；易碎的，脆弱的“，soft意为“软的"，sheer

意为“完全的"，fragile意为“易碎的,脆的"，refined意为“精制的”。

故答案为C。

第8题：

Therearesomethingsintheclasstheteacherswillnot(putupwith).

A.tolerate

B.contribute

C.resist

D.prohibit

参考答案：A

putupwith意为“容忍、忍受"，tolerate意为“容忍，忍受"，contribute

意为“贡献”，resist意为“抵抗，反抗"，prohibit意为“禁止”。故答案

为A。

第9题：

(Withoutquestion),people'slivesinChinahaveimproveddramatically

inthepasttwodecades.

A.Outofthequestion

B.Nodoubt

C.Naturally

D.Obviously

参考答案：B

withoutquestions意为“没有问题，毫无疑问”，outofthequestion意为

“不可能的"，nodoubt意为“毫无疑问”，naturally意为“自然地”，obviously

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意为“显然地”。故答案为B。

第10题：

Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentially

(deadly)objecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,hewillthinktwice

aboutit.

A.passive

B.lifelong

C.unhappy

D.fatal

参考答案：D

deadly意为“致命的，致死的"passive意为“被动的"，lifelong意为“终

身的”,unhappy意为“不幸福的”,fatal意为“致命的，关键的"。故答案

为D。

第11题：

Nowabouthalfofthewomenwhoworkinsocial(welfare)arepart-time,

ascomparedto38%intheprivatesector.

A.guarantee

B.farewell

C.well-off

D.well-being

参考答案：D

welfare意为“健康，福利”,guarantee意为"担保",farewell意为“告别，

欢送"，well-off意为“幸运的，好运的"，well-being意为“健康，幸福”。

故答案为D。

第12题:

Beforeyoudecideona(vocation),itmightbeagoodideatoconsulta

fewgoodfriends.

A.career

B.holiday

C.plan

D.research

参考答案：A

vocation意为“职业，行业”,career意为“职业”，holiday意为“假期”，

plan意为“计划”，research意为“研究”。故答案为A。

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第13题:

Thetemperaturesare(somewhat)lowerthantheaveragetemperatureinMay

thisyear.

A.rather

B.very

C.alittle

D.less

参考答案：C

somewhat意为“稍微，有点”,rather意为“在一定程度上”,very意为“很,

非常"，alittle意为“少许，稍微”，less意为“较少的，更少的"。故答

案为C。

第14题：

Itisanticipatedthatthiscontractwill(considerably)increasesales

overthenextthreeyears.

A.apparently

B.slightly

C.greatly

D.steadily

参考答案：C

considerably意为“充分地，相当地"，apparently意为"明显地地slightly

意为“稍微地”，greatly意为“巨大地”,steadily意为“稳定地”。故答案

为C。

第15题：

Hedoesnothingthat(break)theinterestsofthecollective.

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

参考答案：B

break意为“违反，违背"，runfor意为“跑去取，竞选"，runagainst意

为“违反"，runover意为“跑过去，在……上驶过"，runinto意为“不期

而遇”。故答案为B。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

5

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

StepBackinTime

Doyouknowthatwelivealotlongernowthanthepeoplewhowere

bornbeforeus?Onehundredyearsagotheaveragewomanlivedtobe45.

Butnow,shecanliveuntilatleast80.

Oneofthemainreasonsforpeoplelivinglongeristhatweknow

howtolookafterourselvesbetter.WeknowwhichfoodsaregoodforU.S.

andwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgetallthehealthythings

theyneed.Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotogetbetter

again.Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexercisetokeepour

heartsbeatinghealthily.

Butinorderthatwedon'tslipbackintobadhabits,let'shave

alookatwhatlifewaslike100yearsago.

Familieshadbetween15and20children,althoughmanybabiesdidn

'tlivelong.Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases,especiallyrickets

（佝偻病）andscurvy（坏血病），whicharebothcausedbybaddiets.This

isbecausemanyfamilieswereverypoorandnotabletofeedtheirchildren

well.

ReallypoorfamilieswholivedincrowdedcitieslikeLondonand

Manchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring,

becausetherewasnoroomforthemtoliedown.

Peopledidn'thavefridgesuntilthe1920s.Theykeptfreshfood

coldbystoringitonwindowsills（窗台板）,blocksofice,orevenburying

itinthegarden.

Somechildrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreightto

earnmoneyfortheirparents.Ifyouhadlived100yearsago,youmight

wellbesellingmatchsticks（火柴杆）（ajobdonebymanychildren）or

workingwithyourdadbynow.

第16题：

Onaveragewomenlivedlongerthanmen100yearsago.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

文章第一段虽然提到女性的寿命现在要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年

前女性是否比男性寿命要长一事。

第17题：

Peoplenowenjoylongerlivesforunknownreasons.

A.Right

B.Wrong

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C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因。

第18题：

Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedatallearlyage.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

文章第四段头一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了。

第19题：

Poordietscanleadtosuchdiseasesasricketsandscurvy.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

文章第四段提到，佝偻病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。

第20题：

Peopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhensleeping.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而非出于喜欢。

第21题:

AnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

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文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰

箱是谁发明的。

第22题：

Lifewasnoteasyformanychildrenliving100yearsago.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

从文章第四以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不

易的。

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

Parkinson'sDisease

1.Parkinson'sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhen

thereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,these

nervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine.Dopaminesends

signalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyour

musclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.Whenyouhave

Parkinson's,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenough

dopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.

2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.

Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.They

arestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsinthe

environment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson'sdiseaseinsome

people.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways

inherited.

3.Tremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthe

mostcommonsignsofthedisease,althoughnoteveryonehasit.More

importantly,noteveryonewithatremorhasParkinson'sdisease.Tremor

oftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.It

maybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.

Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,

Parkinson'saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadto

problemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation.Inthelaterstagesof

thedisease,apersonwithParkinson'smayhaveafixedorblankexpression,

troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecrease

inmentalskills（dementia）.

8

4.Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.But

thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsand

makethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentif

yoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntil

yoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwill

adjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotake

severalmedicinestogetthebestresults.

23-26的选项

A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease

B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease

C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease

D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease

E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease

F.DefinitionofParkinson'sDisease

27-30的选项

A.ifthereisn'tenoughdopamineinyourbody

B.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody

C.whichcannotbecuredyet

D.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpression

E.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounotice

F.whatcausesParkinson'sdisease

第23题:

Paragraph1

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

即帕金森综合征的定义。本段的中心意思是告诉大家什么是帕金森氏综合

征。

第24题:

Paragraph2

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

即导致疾病产生的可能原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。

第25题:

Paragraph3

9

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

即疾病的典型症状。本段告诉我们帕金森氏综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤

抖，吞咽困难及便秘等。

第26题：

Paragraph4

参考答案：

B

详细解答：

即通常的治疗方法。从本段我们知道，虽然还不能治愈，但是通过几种药物

是可以控制患者的病症的。

第27题:

You'11findithardtomovethewayyouwantto.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

即如果你不再有足够的多巴胺就会发现你想随心所欲的行动就会变得困难。

根据第一段我们知道这里应该选Ao

第28题:

Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的病因。从第二段的叙述

我们知道应该选Fo

第29题：

OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson'sistremor.

参考答案:

E

详细解答:

io

即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段

的叙述我们知道应该选E。

第30题:

ApersonwithParkinson'shastolearntolivewiththedisease,.

参考答案：

C

详细解答：

患帕金森综合征的人必须得学会同这种疾病共处，因为现在人们还无法治愈

它。从最后一段我们得知应该选择C项。

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面

有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从

4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

MedicalEducation

In18th-centurycolonialAmerica,thosewhowantedtobecome

physicianseitherlearnedaspersonalstudentsfromestablished

professionalsorwentabroadtostudyinthetraditionalschoolsofLondon,

ParisandEdinburgh.Medicinewasfirsttaughtformallybyspecialists

attheUniversityofPennsylvania,beginningin1765,andin1767atKing

'sCollege(nowColumbiaUniversity),thefirstinstitutioninthe

coloniestogivethedegreeofdoctorofmedicine.

FollowingtheAmericanRevolution,theColumbiamedical

faculty(formerlyofKing'sCollege)wascombinedwiththeCollegeof

PhysiciansandSurgeons,charteredin1809,whichsurvivesasadivision

ofColumbiaUniversity.

In1893theJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolrequiredallapplicants

tohaveacollegedegreeandwasthefirsttoafforditsstudentsthe

opportunitytofurthertheirtraininginanattachedteachinghospital.

Thegrowthofmedicalschoolsattachedwithestablishedinstitutionsof

learningwenttogetherwiththedevelopmentofproprietary(私营的)

schoolsofmedicinerunforpersonalprofit,mostofwhichhad10W

standardsandpoorfacilities.In1910AbrahamFlexner,theAmerican

educationreformer,wroteMedicalEducationintheUnitedStatesand

Canada,exposingthepoorconditionsofmostproprietaryschools.

Subsequently,theAmericanMedicalAssociation(AMA)andtheAssociation

ofAmericanMedicalColleges(AAMC)laiddownstandardsforcoursecontent,

qualificationsofteachers,laboratoryfacilities,connectionwith

teachinghospitalsandlicensingofmedicalpractitioners(开业医师)that

survivetothisday.

Bythelate1980stheU.S.andCanadahad1424-yearmedical

collegesrecognizedbytheLiaison(联络)CommitteeonMedicalEducation

11

tooffertheM.D.degree;duringthe1987-88academicyear,47,262men

and25,686womenenteredthesecollegesandanestimated11,752menand

5,958womenweregraduated.Graduates,afterayearofinternship（实

习期），receivelicensestopracticeiftheypassanexaminationgiven

eitherbyastateboardorbytheNationalBoardofMedicalExaminers.

第31题：

In18th-centuryAmerica,higherinstitutionsoflearningthattaught

medicine.

A.didnotexist

B.werefewinnumber

C.werebetterthanthoseinEurope

D.wereknownfortheirteachinghospitals

参考答案：B

文章第一段讲到，在18世纪的美国，医学院校寥寥无几，要想当医生，要么跟

专业人员私下里学，要么出国学习，直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式开设

医学课程。

第32题:

InitiallymostproprietaryschoolsofmedicineinAmerica.

A.hadestablishedprofessionals

B.hadgoodfacilities

C.hadhighstandards

D.wereinpoorconditions

参考答案：D

文章第三段中的第二句提到，早期的私营医学院校大都标准不高，设备较差。

第33题：

TheAMAandAAMCestablishedstandardssoasto.

A.recruitmorestudents

B.setupmoreschoolsofmedicine

C.ensurethequalityofmedicalteachingandpractice

D.preventmedicalschoolsfrommakinghugeprofits

参考答案：C

文章第三段的最后一句说，AMA与AAMC制订了一系列标准以保证医学教学与实

践的质量。

第34题:

Afterayearofinternshipmedicalgraduatescanstarttopractice.

12

A.iftheyhaveworkedinalaboratory

B.iftheyhavestudiedabroadforsometime

C.iftheyhaveobtainedanM.

D.degreeD.iftheyhavepassedanexamination

参考答案：D

文章的最后一段说，医学毕业生经过一年的实习期后，若能通过州或国家的相关

考试，方可获取行医执照。

第35题：

Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.howmedicineistaughtinAmerica

B.howmedicaleducationhasdevelopedinAmerica

C.howtheAmericaneducationalsystemworks

D.howonecanbecomeagooddoctor

参考答案：B

从文章的题目到内容可知，全文重点探讨的是美国医学教育的历史进展。

PhysicalExerciseAreHelpful

Declaringthatphysicalexerciseisoneofthemostpowerful

medicinestohelpimproveourqualityoflifeisnotanexaggeration.The

WorldHealthOrganizationexpressedthesameviewinits2002WorldHealth

Report,emphasizingthatthedamageproducedbylackofphysicalactivity

wasequaltothestrongprobabilityofseriousillnesssuchasheart

diseaseandevensomekindsofcancer.

Thosewhohaveembracedanactivelifestyleforyearsarefamiliar

withthesortofphysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsthatcomefrom

exercise.Neverthelessalotofpeoplewouldneverthinkofphysical

activityasawayoffeelingbetter,simplybecausetheydon'tthinkthey

areinneedofit,orbecausetheyarelazyormaintainthattheyhaven

'tgotenoughtime.

Therearemanypositiveeffectsthatresultfromphysicalexercise

andtheyarenotonlyconcernedwiththephysicalaspectsbutalso

psychologicalandsocialones.

Beginningwiththephysicalbenefits,physicalactivityimproves

thelifeoftheheart,bumsofffat,lowershighbloodpressure,makes

tissuesmoreresistant,andincreasesmuscleflexibilityandjoint

mobility.

Onapsychologicallevel,physicalactivityhelpsreduceanxiety

andstressbycausingtensiontodisappearandbyencouragingustohave

abettersenseofourselvesthroughlisteningtoourbodiesduring

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movement.

Lastly,seeingourselvesinbetterhealthisadvantageous

socially.Thesenseofsatisfactionthusobtainedwillresultinan

increaseofself-respectandself-confidenceintermsofourabilityto

interactwithothers.

Thebenefitslinkedtoexercisehavealsonotgoneunnoticedin

thebusinessworld,withmoreandmorecompaniessettingupgymson-site.

Employees'improvedhealthtranslatesintobetterperformanceand

reducedcostsaswellasanincreaseinpeople'ssatisfactioninthework

place.

Physicalactivityisrecommendedforallagegroups,including

children.Itisanimportantgrowthfactorinachild'seducation.

Andfortheelderly?Thereisnodoubtthatregularphysical

activityallowsgreaterefficiencyindailylifeaswellascreatingmore

basicindependencedaybyday,includingthepossibilityofkeepingin

touchwithothersandnotfeelingisolated.

第36题:

Thewriterregardsphysicalexerciseasastrongmedicinebecause.

A.theWHOholdstheview

B.ithelpsimprovethequalityoflife

C.thelackofitequalsseriousillness

D.itenablespeopletolivelonger

参考答案：B

本题是原文重现题，在第一段第一句中可以找到相应的对照：Declaringthat

physicalexerciseisoneofthemostpowerfulmedicinestohelpimprove

ourqualityoflifeisnotanexaggeration.（能够提高我们的生活质量绝

对不是夸张。）题干意思是“体育锻炼是一味良药，因为它可以增强体质”。

第37题:

Manypeopledonotengageinphysicalexercisemainlybecause.

A.theyarenotawareofitsbenefits

B.theydon'thavethefacilities

C.theydon'tthinktheyneedit

D.theyarephysicallyunfitforit

参考答案：C

本题题干说，许多人不参加体育锻炼的原因是什么？可以从第二段simply

becausetheydon'tthinktheyareinneedofit（仅仅是因为他们觉得自己

不需要）中找到答案。

第38题:

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Accordingtothepassage,physicalexercisecanmakepeople.

A.strongerandmoreintelligent

B.moreintelligentandmoreopen-minded

C.moreopen-mindedandhealthier

D.healthierandstronger

参考答案：D

本题是推断题，有一定难度，因为四个选项都有正确的部分。可以从第三段they

arenotonlyconcernedwiththephysicalaspectsbutalsopsychological

andsocialones（不仅是身体上的，而且是心理上的）中找到答案。A、B、C三

个选项都比较片面。在做这类题时有一个小窍门：综合性最强的那个选项一般是

正确答案。

第39题:

Physicalexerciseissociallybeneficialbecause.

A.itgivespeoplecompetitiveadvantage

B.ithelpspeoplereduceanxiety

C.itenablesemployeestoworkbetterfortheircompany

D.itmakespeopleconfidentindealingwithothers

参考答案：D

本题是细节识别题，可以从原文找到对应，只是考查学生的眼力：Lastly,seeing

ourselvesinbetterhealthisadvantageoussocially.Thesenseof

satisfactionthusobtainedwillresultinanincreaseofself-respectand

self-confidenceintermsofourabilitytointeractwithothers.（在社

交方面得到的益处使我们在与他人交往时变得更加自信，自重。）

第40题：

Accordingtothepassage,regularphysicalexercisecanmakeoldpeople

A.betterabletolookafterthemselves

B.lookyoungerthantheyreallyare

C.lesslikelytosufferfromdiseases

D.moreaggressiveintheirinteractionwithothers

参考答案：A

本题测试学生归纳总结的能力，我们可以从文章的最后一句话中得出正确答案：

Thereisnodoubtthatregularphysicalactivityallowsgreaterefficiency

indailylifeaswellascreatingmorebasicindependencedaybyday.（毫

无疑问，有规律的锻炼对提高生活效率及独立生活能力都极有帮助。）

15

RestaurantsAndHealth

“Cleanyourplate!，zand"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!z，

JustabouteverykidintheU.S.hasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.

Often,it'saccompaniedbyanappeal:〃Justthinkaboutthosestarving

orphans（孤儿）inAfrica!”

Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,

manypeopleintheU.S.takeafewtoomanybites.Insteadofsaying"clean

theplate”,perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.

Accordingtonewsreports,U.S.restaurantsarepartlytoblame

forthegrowingbellies（肚子）.Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfront

ofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythe

government,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.

Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmost

restaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyservelargeportionstostandapart

fromcompetitorsandtogivethecustomersvalue.Theyprefertohave

customerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.

BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaState

University,toldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrow

inthe1970s,thesametimethattheAmericanwaistlinebegantoexpand.

Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantstoservesmaller

portions.Now,apparently,somecustomersarecallingforthistoo.A

restaurantindustrytrademagazinereportedlastmonththat57percent

ofmorethan4,000peoplesurveyedbelievedthatrestaurantsserve

portionsaretoolarge;23percenthadnoopinion;20percentdisagreed.

ButacloserlookatthesurveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswho

can'taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions.70percentofthose

earningatleast$150,000peryearprefersmallerportions.Butonly45

percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000wantsmaller.

It'snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon'twanttoeathealthy.

It'sjustthatafterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheir

platehardlyseemslikeagooddeal.Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck,

happytosavealittlemoneyfornextyear'sChristmaspresents.

第41题:

Bysaying〃Beamemberoftheclean-plate-club!〃（Para.1）aparentor

grandparentisaskingthechildrento.

A.washdishesaftermeals

B.eatallthefoodontheirplate

C.savefoodforthestarvingAfricans

D.reservefoodforthefuture

参考答案：B

本题是细节题，出现在文章的第一段第一句。〃Cleanyourplate!z，and〃Bea

memberoftheclean-plateclub!〃JustabouteverykidintheU.S.hasheard

16

thisfromaparentorgrandparent.所以B选项是正确答案。

第42题：

Accordingtonewsreports,U.S.restaurants.

A.arepartlyresponsiblefortheoverweightproblem

B.ignorethegovernmentregulationsonfoodamount

C.servetwotofourtimestheamountthecustomerswant

D.arepartlytoblameforthewasteoffoodinAmerica

参考答案：A

本题是细节题，出现在文章第三段的第一句。AccordingtonewsreportsU.S.

restaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies.“根据最新的报

道，民众逐渐增胖的部分原因是由美国的餐馆所引起的"。A选项是该句的同义

替换，为正确答案。

第43题:

U.S.restaurantsprovidelargeportionsoffoodbecause.

A.mostcustomersarecallingforthat

B.theywanttowininseverecompetition

C.theAmericanwaistlineinexpanding

D.itistheregulationoftherestaurantindustry

参考答案：B

本题是细节题，出现在文章第四段第二句。Theyservelargeportionstostand

apartfromcompetitorsandtogivethecustomersvalue.“这些餐馆给食

客们提供大份的食物，这样他们就和其他的竞争者有别，以此来满足他们对质量

的要求。”所以B选项是正确答案。这里考查了考生在阅读中把握细节的能力。

第44题：

Accordingtothepassage,workingclassAmericansdininginrestaurants

A.eatlesstosavemoney

B.getlessontheirplate

C.wanttogettheirmoney'svalueback

D.donotcare