江苏专转本(英语)模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)

江苏专转本（英语）模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.VocabularyandStructure2.ReadingComprehension3.Cloze5.Translation6.WritingVocabularyandStructure1．Wordhadcomefromthemanager______anewtransactionwouldbeconcluded.A．whoB．thatC．whichD．when正确答案：B解析：空格及其后的内容作word的同位语，表示经理所说的话的内容。2．Therewasatrafficjam,butshe______gettothedestinationintime.A．couldB．mightC．oughttoD．wasableto正确答案：D解析：本题主要是A和D的辨析，beableto与can的主要区别在于前者表示客观的能力，后者主观更多色彩更浓。本题根据时态及全句的内容，看出这是个客观的事实，因此应选D。3．“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.A．thatB．whetherC．ifD．when正确答案：A解析：此处是由that引导的宾语从句。4．Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.A．overlooksB．overlookingC．overlookedD．tooverlook正确答案：B解析：分词的独立主格结构，window与overlook的关系是主动的，故要用现在分词。5．Onnoaccount______toanyonewhoworksinthecompany.A．mynamemustbementionedB．mynamemustmentionC．mustmynamebementionedD．mustmynamemention正确答案：C解析：倒装。状语onnoaccount中含有否定词，故要用倒装。6．Jimknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.A．andstilllessB．aswellasC．nolessthanD．andstillmore正确答案：A解析：less与little才是递进的关系。7．Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.A．tohavestolenB．tostealC．havingstolenD．havingbeenstealing正确答案：C解析：在deny之后要用动名词。8．Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadachance?A．washegoingtodoB．hewoulddoC．behaddoneD．hadtodo正确答案：B解析：在tellyou的后面是一个宾语从句，而在这个宾语从句中用的是虚拟语气，看清这一点后，再看看if状语从句中的时态就能做出正确答案了。9．Theresultswereto______yesterday,butwehaveheardnothing.A．revealB．haverevealedC．berevealedD．havebeenrevealed正确答案：D解析：首先，我们知道结果是要“被公布”的，所以动词部分必须用被动语态，去掉A、B。再由句子的意思判断，结果本来要被公布的，但是我们没有听到什么消息,隐指消息未被公布，所以这是个虚拟的。10．Calculations,whichareastronomicallyexact,havebeenmade______withtheuseofcomputers.A．possibleB．itpossibleC．possiblyD．tobepossible正确答案：A解析：这是一个固定句型。由make…possible变化而来。11．Tohandlethedelicatesituation,youmustbe______A．morethancarefulB．morecarefullyC．carefullyenoughD．enoughcarefully正确答案：A解析：如果知道morethan的特殊用法，本题即可顺利做答。解答本题的另一个方法是看句子成分，要填的空中是作be的表语，根据常识，副词是不能用作表语的，所以B、C、D可被自然排除。12．Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.A．whetherB．forC．thatD．provided正确答案：D解析：provided是一个特殊的连词，相当于if，可引导状语从句。13．Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.A．thereseemtobeB．itseemstobeC．itseemsthatD．hereseem正确答案：A解析：therebe句型的变化。如果对其他的选项有疑问的话，可分析一下句子的成分。14．Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.A．withB．inwhichC．whichD．where正确答案：B解析：带介词的定语从句。农民盖房子的目的是要用房子来盛粮食，也就是说，要把粮食放在房子中，所以选B。15．Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundthecornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A．beingdoneB．madeC．tobemadeD．havingmade正确答案：B解析：省略了主语和系动词的分词状语结构。16．______,themoreseverethewintersare.A．ThemorenorthyougoB．ThefartheryougothenorthC．ThemoreyougonorthD．Thefarthernorthyougo正确答案：D解析：themore．．．themore句型。在这个句型中，themore不是死的，只是表示一个比较级。17．Vickyhasbeensadrecently,forherplantogotocollege______atthelastmoment.A．felloutB．fellbehindC．fellthroughD．felloff正确答案：C解析：fallthrough的意思是“失败、破产”。fallout争吵，吵架，闹翻，结果是，离队；falloff下降，跌落，减少，衰退，离开；落在……的后面，拖欠。18．Youhadbetter______teasingthesenewcomers,forthatwillhurttheirfeeling.A．leaveoutB．leaveforC．leaveoffD．leavebehind正确答案：C解析：leaveoff相当于stop。leaveout省去，遗漏，不考虑；leavefor动身去某地；leavebehind将……落下19．Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficulty.A．holdupB．setupC．pullupD．pluckup正确答案：D解析：pluckup振作，拔起；holdup举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截；setup设立，竖立，架起，升起，装配，创(纪录)，提出，开业。20．He______asumofmoneyeverymonthtohelpthetwoorphans.A．setsasideB．setsupC．setsalongD．setsin正确答案：A解析：setaside留出，不顾，取消，驳回；setup设立，竖立，架起，升起，装配，创(纪录)，提出，开业；setalong无此短语；setin开始，到来，上涨，插入，嵌人。21．Iwishthathe______tothemovieswithmeyesterday.A．wentB．couldgoC．wasgoneD．couldhavegone正确答案：D解析：wish后面的从句用虚拟语气，其谓语常由would，could等构成，对现在的虚拟用过去时，对过去的虚拟用过去完成时。例如：Iwishyouwouldn’tsmokeanymore．我希望你不要再抽烟了。22．______,themorenecessaryitistobreakitupintoanumberofpartswhichthereadercanvisualize.A．ThemorecomplexasubjectbecomesB．ThemorebecomesasubjectcomplexC．AsubjectbecomesthemorecomplexD．Themoresubjectsbecomeessential正确答案：A解析：表示“越……越……”用比较级句式：the+比较级．．．the+比较级…，例如：Thefasterthebetter．越恹越好。注意：当比较级修饰名词、形容词或副词时，这些名词、形容词或副词要一起移到前面去。根据此原则，A正确。23．Closethedoor,______?A．willyouB．doyouC．shallyouD．don’tyou正确答案：A解析：当祈使句反问时，若表示请求，则反诘问句用willyou?例如：Doitatonce，willyou?但当祈使旬表示邀请及劝告时，其后应用won’tyou?如：Haveacupoftea，won’tyou?24．______attherailwaystationwhenitbegantorain.A．HardlyhadhearrivedB．HardlyhehadarrivedC．NosoonerdidhearriveD．Nosoonerarrivedhe正确答案：A解析：表示“一……就”有以下表达：①hardly(scarcely，barely)…when／before②nosooner…than。这些句子只用于过去时，主句动作因发生在从句动作之前故用过去完成时。倘若hardly，scarcely，nosooner和barely在句中则采取正常语序，但当它们位于句首时，主句的主谓语要部分倒装，使用句型：A．Hardly(Scarcely，Barely)+had+主语十过去分词+其他。C．Nosoonerhad十主语+过去分词+其他。例如：a．Theyhadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain．他们刚到家就开始下雨了。(正常语序)b.Barelyhadshefinishedthereportwhenshehadtogotothelecture．她刚写完报告就去上班。(倒装语序)c。Scarcelyhadlackseenmewhenhelefttheroom．杰克一见到我就离开了屋子。(倒装语序)此外表示“一……就”还可用以下表达：themoment(that)…，assoonas，theinstant…，theminute…，它们不是名词，而是从属连词，后跟从句，从句的时态与主句的时态一致。例如：Irecognizedhimtheminute(themoment，assoonas，theinstant)Isawhim．我一见到他就认出他了。25．Thestorm______,theyhadtoliveinacave.A．hasdestroyedtheirhutB．todestroytheirhut.C．havingdestroyedtheirhutD．beingdestroyed正确答案：C解析：这是分词的独立结构句。分词的完成式表示其动作发生在主句动作之前，根据句意可知，暴风雨毁掉草屋在前，故C是答案。26．______thenumberofpaidholidaysenjoyedbymostemployeesinthecompany,threeweeksofvacationseemsgenerous.A．ComparedwithB．ComparedC．ComparingwithD．Comparing正确答案：A解析：compare．．．with意为“与……相比”。分词作状语时，若与主句的主语是主谓关系，则用现在分词，若是动宾关系则用过去分词。根据句意，应用过去分词。故A对。27．Itwasgoingtobesometime______hewouldseehisfatheragain.A．sinceB．whenC．untilD．before正确答案：D解析：注意句型：Its+时间+before…表示“……之后……才”。例如：Itwillnotbelongbeforetheyunderstandeachother．他们大概不久就会互相了解。而since的特殊句型是：主语+动词完成式+其他+since+一个含一般过去时的句子。如：IthasbeenayearsinceIgraduatedfromtheschool．我从学校毕业已经一年了。28．Heisyoungerthan______.A．anyotherboyintheclassB．anyboyintheclassC．allboysintheclassD．youandmeaswellastheclass正确答案：A解析：比较级句中前后两者相比时应把自身排除在外，而B，C和D皆包含he在内，故都应排除。29．Theestablishmentofthecompanyshallstartfromtheday______thebusinesslicenseofthecompanyisissued.A．whichB．onwhichC．inwhichD．whenever正确答案：B解析：这是个主从复合句，从句需要一个含day在内的时间状语，特指的一天，其前应用介词on。此外，引导从句的关系代词which若其前有介词时该介词不能省略，故B对。whenever只能引导状语从句，不引导定语从句，例如：Youmayleavewheneveryouplease．无论你什么时候想走就可以走。30．You______mebecauseIdidn’tsaythat.A．mustmisunderstandB．mustbemisunderstandingC．musthavemisunderstoodD．hadtomisunderstand正确答案：C解析：must+have+过去分词：表示对过去发生的事情有把握的肯定猜测。must+动词原形：表示对现在发生的事情的猜测。must+be+doing：表示对现在正进行的动作或在此刻前一直在进行的动作的猜测，例如：Hemustbeworkinghard．他一定正在努力工作。31．Electricalenergy______fromthesuninaroundwayisthemostwidelyusedenergytoday.A．comeB．tocomeC．comingD．havingcome正确答案：C解析：现在分词短语作主语，表示主动和正在进行的动作或表示经常性的动作。不定式作定语修饰的名词是不定式意义上的主语或宾语。32．Youremainaboutthesameaswhenyoupartedwithus______you’vegotalittlethinner.A．exceptforB．besidesC．exceptthatD．because正确答案：C解析：exceptfor除……以外，其后一般接名词、代词，用来表示理由或细节，修饰前面所述的情况。exceptthat其后接从句，可与exceptfor换用，但用法有区别。besides作介词其后常用名词，动名词或what引导的从句，意为“除……以外(还)”。33．Fertilizersareusedprimarilytoenrichthesoiland______yield.A．increasingB．increaseC．toincreaseD．haveincreased正确答案：C解析：toincrease用来与toenrich保持结构上的平行。34．Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcornersunless______todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A．madeB．beingmadeC．havingmadeD．tobemade正确答案：A解析：unlessmade状语从句中省略了itis。完整的句子应是unlessitismade…科技文献中常可见到这种语法现象。35．Hehasalargecollectionofbooks,______arewritteninEnglish.A．manyamongB．manyinwhichC．manyonesofwhichD．manyofwhich正确答案：D解析：manyofwhicharewritteninEnglish是一个关系代词带前置介词of的非限定性从句。which代替books，manyofwhich在从句中作主语。36．Idon’tthinkitisfunny,butmyfriend______.A．cannothelptolaughB．cannothelplaughC．cannotbutlaughingD．cannothelpbutlaugh正确答案：D解析：表示“不得不，情不自禁”可以用以下几种结构：①cannothelp+动名词；②cannothelpbut十动词原形；③cannotbut+动词原形。37．Scienceandtechnologyhavebrought______manychangesinourlives.A．forwardB．aboutC．outD．to正确答案：B解析：bringforward提出，显示;bringabout带来，造成;bringout出版，生产；bringto停下，恢复知觉。38．Withthemapofthecitytohelpthem,theyhadno______theplace.A．difficultiesinfindingB．difficultyinfindingC．difficultytofindD．troubletofind正确答案：B解析：difficulty相当于trouble(麻烦，困难)，是不可数名词，常用句型为havesome(no／little)difficulty(in)doingsth．39．Itisdifficulttounderstandthiskindof______calculation.A．intricateB．variedC．indispensableD．equable正确答案：A解析：intricate错综复杂的，纠缠不清的；varied不同的，种种的；indispensable不可缺少的，绝对必要的；equable变动甚少的，稳定的。40．Industrialmanagersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperlyandto______thesupplyofspareparts.A．ensureB．promiseC．guaranteeD．assure正确答案：A解析：ensure保证，让人觉得安全可靠，有保障；promise与assure相似，让人踏实放心，但不承担责任和义务；guarantee担保，保证，表示对某一产品或服务承担责任和义务；assure郑重宣告，使人确信。ReadingComprehensionFormanyyears,scientistscouldn’tfigureouthowatomsandmolecules(分子)ontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings.Plants,fishes,dinosaurs(恐龙),andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules,buttheyareputtogetherinamorecomplicatedwaythanthemoleculesintheprimitiveocean.What’smore,livingthings,thathaveenergyandcanreproduceontheEarthfourbillionyearsagowerelifeless.Afteryearsofstudy,scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings,includinghumanbodies,arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotide(氨基酸与核苷酸)bases.Thesearemoleculeswithmillionsofhydrogen(氢),carbon(碳),nitrogen(氮),andoxygenatom.Howcouldsuchcomplicatedmoleculeshavebeenformedintheprimitivesoup?Scientistswerestumped(难住).Then,in1953,twoscientistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL.MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth.Theysetupsometubesandbottlesinaclosedloop(线圈),andputinsomeofthesamegasesthatwerepresentintheatmospherefourbillionyearsago:watervapor,carbondioxide(二氧化碳),methane(甲烷),andhydrogen.Thentheyshotanelectricsparkthroughthegasestosimulate(模拟)bolts(闪电)oflightningontheancientEarth,circulatedthegasesthroughsomewater,sentthembackformoresparks,andsoon.Aftersevendays,thewaterthatthegaseshadbeenbubbling(起跑)throughhadturnedbrown.Somenewchemicalsweredissolvedinit.WhenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid,theyfoundthatitcontainedaminoacids—theverykindofmoleculesfoundinalllivingthings.41．WhendidscientistscometorealizehowtheatomsandmoleculesontheEarthcombinedtomakelivingthings?A．Fourbillionyearsago.B．In1953.C．Aftersevendays.D．Manyyearslater.正确答案：B解析：文章第三段Then，in1953，twosciemistsnamedHaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth．1953年，两位科学家做实验试图找出远古地球上所发生的一切，即人类和生物是怎样形成的，也即1953年起，人类才开始明白地球上的生物是怎祥由原子和分子结合而产生的，所以B为正确答案。42．Scientistsfiguredoutthathumanbodiesarebasicallymadeof______.A．aminoacidsB．hydrogen,carbon,nitrogenandoxygenatomsC．moleculesD．watervapor,ammonia,carbondioxide,methaneandhydrogen正确答案：A解析：文章第二段第一句：…scientistsfiguredoutthatlivingthings，includinghumanbodies，arebasicallymadeofaminoacidsandnucleotidebases，科学家断定包括人在内的人物都是由氨基酸和核苷酸为基础构成的。43．HaroldUreyandStanleyL.Millerdidtheirexperimentinorderto______.A．findoutwhathadhappenedontheEarth4billionyearsagoB．simulateboltsoflightningontheancientEarthC．dissolvesomenewchemicalsD．analyzealiquid正确答案：A解析：文章第三段…HaroldUreyandStanleyL．MillerdidaverysimpleexperimenttofindoutwhathadhappenedontheprimitiveEarth及第二句中的4billionyearsago，由此可知这里的primitiveEarth是指4billionyearsago，所以A为正确答案。44．Attheendofthelastparagraph,theword“it”refersto______.A．acloseloopB．anelectricsparkC．waterD．theliquid正确答案：D解析：文章最后一句话whenMillerandUreyanalyzedtheliquid，theyfoundthatitcontained…，“当他们对液体进行分析时，发现里面含有……”中得知，it指的就是从句中的liquid。45．Accordingtothewriter,livingthingsontheEarthinclude______.A．atomsandmoleculesB．chemicalsC．plants,fish,dinosaursandhumanbeingsD．theprimitivesoup正确答案：C解析：文中第一段第二句话暗示了该题的答案Plants，fish，dinosaurs，andpeoplearemadeofatomsandmolecules．所以C为正确答案。Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolony(群居)orcommunity,wheretheyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevariousdutiesaredividedamongtheindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.Anindividualworkerbeecannotreproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately(足够),andsoondies.Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernate(冬眠)inwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceatlowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonynecessarytothebeesinwinter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessity,demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoincreasetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeisfurthersuitedforthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanforitsowndefense.Thebee’sbarbed(有刺的)stingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindofdefensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.46．Accordingtothepassage,beesarefittedforcommunallifebyvirtueoftheir______.A．flexibilityandinitiativeB．intelligenceandsensitivityC．independenceandenduranceD．instinctsandform正确答案：D解析：文章第二句Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolonyorcornrnunity…．它们的身体构造及本能使它们适合在群体或社团中生活……，D项与此相符，所以D为正确答案。47．Accordingtothepassage,aworkerbeemaysurviveforashorttimeevenifitis______.A．deprivedofitsstingB．deniedaccesstooxygenC．isolatedfromotherbeesD．exposedtoawiderangeoftemperatures正确答案：C解析：第四句Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates，itfailstocareforitselfadequately，andsoonides．如果它(指工蜂)被强行与伙伴隔离可能继续活着，它便不能很好地照顾自己，因而不久就会死去。故答案为C。48．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatonetimebeeshadtheabilityto______.A．increasetheiractivityinlowertemperaturesB．leavecoldclimatesduringwinterC．remaindormantthroughperiodsofcoldweatherD．constructinsulatedhives正确答案：C解析：第五句Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter，butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis．大多数昆虫都有冬眠的能力，但蜜蜂似乎已经失去了这种能力。由此可推断出蜜蜂原来曾经具有过与其它昆虫一样的冬眠能力。故答案为C。49．Accordingtothepassage,beesdifferfrommostothercommunitiesofinsectsintheirneedto______.A．reproduceinlargenumbersB．controlthetemperaturewheretheyliveC．dividetheworkoftheircoloniesD．haveacomplexdefensesystem正确答案：B解析：由第五、第六句可知，因蜜蜂失去了其它昆虫具有的冬眠能力，就温度而论，它必须具有制造自己的环境的能力。所以答案为B。50．Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee’sstingisparticularlyeffectivebecauseit______.A．hasmanypotentialusesB．cankillseveralvictimsatonceC．islocatedintherearofthebee’sbodyD．remainswiththebee’svictim正确答案：D解析：倒数第三句Thebee’sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim．蜜蜂的倒刺仅能使用一次，由于这种倒刺留在被螫过的受害者身上，因而更为有效。所以D为正确答案。Whotalksmore,then,womenormen?Theseeminglycontradictory(矛盾的)evidenceisshownbythedifferencebetweenwhatIcallpublicandprivatespeaking.Moremenfeelcomfortabledoing“publicspeaking”,whilemorewomenfeelcomfortabledoing“privatespeaking”.Anotherwayofcapturingthesedifferencesisbyusingthetermsreport-talkandrapport-talk.Formostwomen,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilyalanguageofrapport(友好)awayofestablishingconnectionsandrelationships.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperiences.Fromchildhood,girlscriticizetheirfellowswhotrytostandoutorappearbetterthanothers.Peoplefeeltheirclosestconnectionsathome,orinsettingswheretheyfeelathome—withoneorafewpeopletheyfeelclosetoandcomfortablewith—inotherwords,duringprivatespeaking.Buteventhemostpublicsituationscanbeapproachedlikeprivatespeaking.Formostmen,talkisprimarilyameanstopreserveindependenceandnegotiate(谈判)andmaintainstatusinahierarchical(分等级的)socialorder.Thisisdonebyexhibitingknowledgeandskill,andbyholdingcenterstagethroughverbalperformancesuchasstorytelling,joking,orgivinginformation.Fromchildhood,menlearntousetalkingasawaytogetandkeepattention.Sotheyaremorecomfortablespeakinginlargergroupsmadeupofpeopletheyknowlesswell-inthebroadestsense,“publicspeaking”.Buteventhemostprivatesituationscanbeapproachedlikepublicspeaking,morelikegivingareportthanestablishingrapport.51．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Womentalkmorethanmen.B．Themostpreferablewaymenandwomentendtouseintalking.C．ThedifferencebetweenpublicspeakingandprivatespeakingD．Menandwomentalkincomfortableways.正确答案：B解析：纵观全文，文章第二段讲女人在谈话中喜欢用privatespeaking的原因，第三段讲为什么男人喜欢publicspeaking，因此选B。52．Mostwomenusethelanguageofrapportintheirconversationsbecausewantto______.A．showtheirsuperioritytoothersB．exhibitsomethingtheyhaveincommonC．setupcloserelationshipsD．finddifferencesbetweenthem正确答案：C解析：由文章第二段第一句和第四句可知大多数女人在交谈中使用联系语的原因是想建立亲密的关系。因此选项C为正确答案。53．Men’spublicspeakingmainlyshows______.A．theirsenseofhumorB．theirappealtowomenC．theirabilitytocontroltheconversationD．theirindependenceandstatus正确答案：D解析：文中第三段第一句：对大多数男人来讲，谈话是用来在等级秩序里保持独立谈判和建立地位的方式。很明显，男人的公共交谈显示了他们的独立和地位，因此选项D为正确答案。54．Itcanbeconcludedfrommen’sandwomen’schildhoodsthat______.A．thereisastrikingcontrastinpersonalitybetweenmenandwomenB．menandwomengrowupseeingthemselvesconnectingtoothersinprofoundlydifferentwaysC．menandwomentalkindifferentwaysbecauseoftheirdifferentbackgroundsD．thewayofspeakingreflectsthecharacteristicsofdifferentsexes.正确答案：B解析：第二段第三句话：女孩子从孩提时代起就对那些抛头露面，显得比别人优越的同伴进行批评；第三段第二句：男人从孩提时代起就学着用谈活这种方式来吸引并保持别人的注意力。从语境来看，他们的孩提时代说明他们在成长过程中，自已与他人的联系方式不一样，因此选B。55．Theauthordevelopshismainideaby______.A．statinghisownpointofviewsB．introducingtwodifferentwaysofspeakingC．tellingwhymenandwomenspeakindifferentwaysD．givingvividexamples正确答案：C解析：纵观全文，文中第一段提出论点：女人和男人谈话的方式不一样。第二段讲女人选择的讲话方式及原因。第三段讲男人选择的讲话方式及原因，所以选项C为正确答案。Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligence(智力)developedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeagenius(天才)outofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofapersonsintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thus,ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom(随意)fromthepopulation.itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetakeidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidentical(同一的)twinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionusalsosupportedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwith(与……相接触)eachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegressofintelligence.56．Accordingtothetext,achild______.A．bornwithlowintelligencewillneverbecomeageniusB．bornwithlowintelligencebecomeageniusthroughspecialeducationC．livinginrichandvariedsurroundingswilldevelophisintelligencebeyondthelimitsfixedatbirthD．livinginaboringsituationwillnotdevelophisintelligenceatall正确答案：A解析：从文章第一段第三句Tosomeextent…withlowintelligence．选项A“天生智力低下的人永远不能成为天才”与此句意思相符。57．Asfarasintelligenceisconcerned,mostexpertsnowbelievethat______.A．birthismoreimportantthanenvironmentB．environmentplaysamoreimportantrolethanbirthC．birthandenvironmentarebothimportantD．neitherbirthnorenvironmentreallymatters正确答案：C解析：文章第一段最后两句：大多数专家的看法是：天生素质和后天环境对智力高低起着重要作用，所以C为正确答案。58．Toshowthatintellingencedependsonbirth,wemay______.A．havetwoidenticaltwins’bloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsB．havetwounrelatedpeople’sbloodtested,andthencomparetheresultsC．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceofbrothersandsistersaswellasthatofparentsandchildren,andthencomparetheresultsD．respectivelyexaminetheintelligenceoftwoidenticaltwinsaswellasthatoftwounrelatedpeopletakenatrandom,andthencomparetheresults正确答案：D解析：文章第二段讲到如果在人群中随意找来毫无血缘关系的两个人，或找来血缘相同的一对双胞胎进行研究，结果可能是：前者的智力完全不同，后者的智力非常相似，D项符合这一意思。59．Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplearelikelytohavesimilardegreesofintelligence?A．Twoidenticaltwinswhoraisedandeducatedindifferentenvironments.B．Peoplewhoareneitherinclosecontactnorrelatedatall.C．Peoplewhodon’tliveinclosecontactbutarecloselyrelated.D．Peoplewholiveinclosecontactbutarenotrelatedatall.正确答案：D解析：文章最后一段最后一句：Thisconclusion…degreesofintelligence，可知应选D。60．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis______.A．toemphasizetheimportanceofenvironmentinintelligencedevelopmentB．toarguethatfactoriesshouldbeautifythedullsettingC．toexplainhowbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligenceD．tosupporttheviewthatbothbirthandenvironmentinfluenceintelligence正确答案：D解析：纵观全文．作者支持大部分专家的观点，既先天素质和后天环境相互作用影响着智力。所以D为正确答案。ClozeAnyonewhohasriddenonarailroadtrainknowshowrapidlyanothertrain【C1】______bywhenitistravellinginthe【C2】______directionandconverselyhowitmaylookalmost【C3】______whenitismovinginthesamedirection.【C4】______atrainatastationstartstomoveforward【C5】______gentlythatpassengersfeelsnobackwardmovement【C6】______.Theniftheyhappenedto【C7】______thewindowandseeanothertrainslidepastonthenexttrack,theyhavenowayofknowing【C8】______trainisinmotionandwhichisatrest;【C9】______cantheytellhowfasteitheroneismovingorinwhichdirection.Theonlywaytheycanjudgetheir【C10】______isbylookingouttheothersideofthecarforsomefixedbodyofreference【C11】______thestationplatformorasinglelight.Newtonwas【C12】______thesetricksofmotion,onlyhethoughtintermsofships.Heknewthatonacalmdayatseaasailorcanshavehimselfordrinksoupas【C13】______aswhenhisshipislyingmotionlessinharbor.Thewaterinhisbasin,thesoupinhisbowl,willremain【C14】______whethertheshipismakingfiveknots,fifteenknotsortwety-fiveknots.So【C15】______helookshardattheseaitwillbe【C16】______forhimtoknowhowfasthisshipismovingorindeedifitismovingatall.Ofcourse,iftheseashouldgetroughortheshipchangescoursesuddenly,【C17】______hewillsensehisstateofmotion.Butevensupposingthatwehavetheidealizedconditionsofaglasscalmseaandasilentship,nothingthathappensbelowdecks,noamountofobservationormechanicalexperiment,performedinsidetheship,willrevealitsvelocitythroughthesea.Thephysical【C18】______basedonthesefactswasformulatedbyNewtonin1687.“Themotionsofbodiesincludedinagivenspace,“hewrote,“arethesame【C19】______themselves,whetherthatspaceisatrestormovesuniformly【C20】______inastraightline.“61．【C1】A．passesB．goesC．flashesD．moves正确答案：C解析：pass经过；go走，驶；flash指速度非常快闪电般地飞驰，掠过；pass，go，move这三个词远不及flash；move运行，移动，但动作要慢得多。62．【C2】A．differentB．oppositeC．unlikeD．diverse正确答案：B解析：different不同的；opposite相反的；unlike不相似的；diverse分散的，几个的。63．【C3】A．noiselessB．motionlessC．calmnessD．movingly正确答案：B解析：noiseless无噪音的；motionless静止的，不动的；calmness是名词“平静”；movingly是副词“活动”。64．【C4】A．AtalltimesB．AllthewhileC．AtalltimeD．Onceinawhile正确答案：D解析：atalltimes无论如何，一直；allthewhile一直，始终；atalltime始终；onceinawhile有时，偶然。65．【C5】A．soB．veryC．muchD．as正确答案：A解析：此题是so…that句型。B、C、D均不与that搭配。66．【C6】A．wheneverB．whereverC．whateverD．whichever正确答案：C解析：whatever可作连词，形容词，还可作副词“无论如何”。67．【C7】A．watchyouB．markoutC．lookoutD．view正确答案：C解析：watchout当心，注意；markout规划；lookout朝外看，把头伸出去看；view仔细观察。68．【C8】A．whichB．whatC．thatD．if正确答案：A解析：联系上下文可知此空和“train．．．”与后面的“which…”是并列的宾语从句，因此填which。69．【C9】A．andB．butC．orD．nor正确答案：D解析：nor也不，常与neither或not连用，有时也与no，never等表示否定的词连用，也可用在肯定句后，语序要倒装。如：Thearticleisnotlong，noristhestyleeasy，and连接两个对等的句子；but表示转折；or表示选择。70．【C10】A．conditionB．positionC．situationD．state正确答案：C解析：condition条件，形势；position职务，方位；situation位置，处境