职称英语理工类b级模拟41

职称英语理工类B级模拟41

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power

2、Canyoufollowtheplotsofar?

A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand

3、Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

A.physicalB.mentalC.naturalD.hard

4、Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event

5、NormanBlarneyisanartistdeepconvictions.

A.statementsB.beliefsC.suggestionsD.claims

6、Uptonowztheworkhasbeeneasy.

A.SoB.SolongC.SothatD.Sofar

7、ThereportadvocatedsettingUPdaytrainingcolleges.

A.supposedB.excitedC.suggestedD.discussed

8、Accordinglyfanumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.

A.ThereforeB.AfterwardsC.HoweverD.Furthermore

9、9Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.

A.viewB.sightC.lookD.point

10、Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely

11>Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

A.explainedB.inventedC.consideredD.accepted

12、Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

A.heavyB.mildC.kindD.wild

13、Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

A.makingB.takingC.discussingD.expecting

14、Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

A.wasteB.buyC.useD.sell

15>Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

A.functionB.abilityC.powerD.volume

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出的句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的

是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中

没有提及，请选择C。

TheThreattoKiribati

ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,

theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth—literally.Several

timesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhigh

tide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,came

whentherewasneitherwindnorrain.nThisneverhappenedbefore,11saythe

oldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobal

warming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants（污染物）

arereleased；thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth*satmosphere.Warmer

temperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers

（冰川）andpolar（极土也的）icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer.

Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral（珊瑚）

islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslandszhowever,

wouldfaceanevenworsefate—theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Theloss

ofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone1sloss.Coralformationsarehome

tomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomies

havealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon*t

havethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andthey

havenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlyby

activitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethat

industrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.

16、ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenaway

byasuddenhightide.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavy

rain.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobal

warming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwill

be.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantial

abouttheproblemofglobalwarming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducing

pollution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

Robots

1.Themostsophisticated（先进的）Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystems

andworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studies

ofrobotszparticularlycomputercontrolsoftwarezareconsideredtobe

generallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2.Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesfor

simplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledwork

likewelding(焊接)，spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.

3.InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeen

decliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolow

tomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhave

moreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducing

themeffectively.

4.Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100times

moreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5.Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.

Thisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeup

athirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.

6.ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantime

betweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970sto

about10z000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears).

Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysingle

componenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmall

sample.

7.ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanese

companiesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobots

canworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumanszwhocangettiredand

bored.

23、A.OngoingResearch

B.ExtensionofUse

C.RobotHeroes

D.GreaterReliability

E.FallingDemand

F.HiddenDanger

Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27、A.toomuchenergy

B.basedonAmericandesigns

C.theyaretoocostly

D.theyarenotreliable

E.goodtoqualitycontrol

F.freeofcharge

EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare.

28、RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause

29、Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume.

30、Itisclaimedthatintroducingrobotsis.

第4部分：阅读理解

根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

NewFoodsandtheNewWorld

Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople—nottheirclotheszideas,or

languages—haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrink

wasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree（可可树）bySouthAmericanIndians.

TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500's.And

althoughitwasveryexpensivezitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,

shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.

Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600ztheSpanishbrought

itfromPerutoEuropezwhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.Irelandbecameso

dependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailed

duringthenPotatoFamine（饥荒）nof1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforced

toleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatothe

OldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowthe

world*slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombia

andotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountry-

inAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe14001s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamed

Kaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffee

bush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake"feelingthatone-third

oftheworld1spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.

31>Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostin

thelast500years?

A.Food.B.Clothing.

C.Ideology.D.Language.

32、"Someninthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto

A.somecocoatrees.B.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshops.D.someSouthAmericanIndians.

33、ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringtheHPotatoFaminenbecause

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanything

else.

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

C.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.

34、Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?

A.Brazil.B.Colombia.

C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.

35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld1spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.

弟一^扁

PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts

Severeturbulence（湍流）cankillaircraftpassengers.Now,intestflights

overtheRockyMountainszNASA.（美国航空航天局）engineershavesuccessfully

detectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit.

Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradar,

itisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl（用力抛出去）passengersaboutthecabin.

InDecember1997,onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhen

unexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop

300metresinafewseconds.

However,passengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.

"Itistheonlyantidote（对策）forthissortofthing,nsaysRodBogue,project

manageratNASA*sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwardszCalifornia.

Thecentre1snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidar,orlaserradar.

Laserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedback

byparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.The

wavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticles

areapproaching.Incalmair,thespeedequalstheplane*sairspeed.Butas

theparticlesswirl（打漩）inroughairztheirspeedofapproachincreases

ordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity

（激烈程度）oftheturbulence.

Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,aresearchjetflewrepeatedly

intodisturbedairoverthemountainridges（ill脉）nearPueblo,Colorado.The

lidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresahead,andits

forecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulence

thattheplaneencountered.

Boguesaysthathehad"acomfortableamountoftimeHtofastenhisseatbelt.

Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar*srangewithamorepowerful

beam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfew

years.

36、Whatdoes"clear-airturbulence"probablymean?（Paragraph1）

A.Anotveryroughstorm.

B.Unexpecteddisturbedair.

C.Akindofvisiblestorm.

D.Astormovermountainridges.

37、InDecember1997zaUnitedAirlinesflighthitunexpectedroughair,

A.causingalotofdamagetotheplane.

B.throwingitspassengersoutofthecabin.

C.resultinginheavycasualties.

D.forcingthepilottomakeanemergencylanding.

38、Theturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuring

A.thespeedoftheplane.

B.thespeedofthelight.

C.thenumberofparticlesintheair.

D.thechangesoftheparticles1speed.

39、Wecaninferfromthefifthparagraphthat

A.thelidardetectorcansuccessfullyforecastturbulence.

B.researchersarenotsureabouttheeffectivenessofthelidardetector.

C.passengerplaneswillbeusedinfurtherexperiments.

D.nomoretestflightsareneeded.

40、Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongotherthings,that

A.thelidardetectorneedsimprovement.

B.manyairlinesareinterestedinthesystem.

C.passengersoftenforgettofastentheirseatbelts.

D.thelidardetectorcanbeusedinawiderangeofareas.

卯--

"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwill

beabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandoned

farmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiological

Sciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,could

bemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbythe

BiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhich

genesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreed

thiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares（公顷）ofagricultural

landarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts（妨碍生长）plants.

Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropicszmangroves（绿树

林）thatcreateswamps（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawater

havebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean；aseriesofdroughtshavecaused

thewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）in.InLatinAmerica,

irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated（蒸发）bytheheatz

leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.

Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewater

theyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplants

thattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsbutdo

notaffecttheplants*growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristics

intoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresulting

seedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,Flowersand

Yeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsand

plants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloom

again,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

41>WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

A.TheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity,

B.Theyarericebreeders.

C.Theyarehusbandandwife.

D.Theyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

42、FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

A.tofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

B.toidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

C.tobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

D.tofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

43、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussed

inthepassage?

A.Naturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

B.Thewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

C.Sealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

D.Evaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

44、Theword"affect"inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A."influence".B."effect".

C."stop".D."present".

45、Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

A.positive.B.negative.

C.suspicious.D.indifferent.

第5部分：补全短文

请根据短文内容将句子分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

LookingintotheFuture

BertrandRussellzafamousphilosopher,saidin1944z"Theonethingthe

studyofthepastteachesusisthatthefutureisneverhowpeopleimagine

itwillbe.11

In1946zphysicistspredictedthatwithintwentyyears,mostoftheworld's

energywouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.46In1951,afamoussurgeon

saidthatheandhiscolleagueswereconfidentthat"bytheendofthe1950s,

n

acureformostifnotallcancerswillhavebeenfound.In1954zanAmerican

economistpredictedAmericanswouldgoongettingricherandricher.47.

Intheyear1969zanautomationengineerworkingforMaxFactorCosmetics

inBritainsaidthat"withintwentyortwenty-fiveyearsfactoriesthattoday

employhundredsofworkerswillneedonlyfiveortencomputertechnicians

torunthem.n48,

Intheearly1970szthereweremanypredictionsthatbeforetheendof

thecenturymosthomesintheUnitedStates,EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputers

inthem.49

Longbefore1980zitwaspredictedthatinsteadoflettingnatureandluck

choosetheirchildren*scharacteristicszpeoplewouldhavetodecidewhich

characteristicstheywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfromthemandprevious

generationsintheirfamilies.50Wemaybeabletohave"undesirable"

characteristicschangedordestroyedthroughgenetictherapy.Perhapswemay

evenbegintowishthatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaidthathistory

teachesusthatthefutureisneverlikethatfutureweimagine.

A."Bytheendofthecentury,'*hesaid,"therewillbenopovertyanywhere

inthecountry.H

B.Ifthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbefacedwithamuchgreater

responsibilitythaneverbefore.

C.Accordingtothesamepredictions,thiswouldresultin"aninformation

explosion*1aswellas"radicalandrevolutionarychangesinthewaywework,

learn,anddobusiness.”

D.Whenthispredictioncametruezmorepeoplewouldbekilledthanever

before.

E.Theywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonlybenfarcleanerthancoal

andotherfossilfuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.”

F.HeaddedthatthisHwillleadtoenormoussocialproblemsforunskilled

manualworkersinparticular,whowillbeunabletofindwork.n

第6部分：完形填空

根据短文内容为每处确定1个最佳选项。

TheAmericanFamily

IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecision

making.Whenthechildrenare51enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreigners

areoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness（宽容）ofAmericanparents.Theold

rulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard11israrely52,andchildren

areoftenallowedtodo53theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.

Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim54question,and

childrenareencouragedtobe55atanearlyage.Somepeoplebelievethat

Americanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfather

imagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.Because

Americansemphasizetheimportanceofindependencezyoungpeopleareexpected

to58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteens

orearlytwenties.Indeed,nottodosoisoftenregardedasa60,akind

ofweakdependence.

Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheaging

parentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62the

ageof70.Thejob-retirement