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职称英语综合类B级模拟30
第1部分:词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有一个词或短语划有底横线,请为每个划线部分确定一个意义是
为接近的选项。
1>Itisapitythatyouhavemissedthemostimportantcontents.
A.lostB.caughtC.refusedD.
rejected
2、Hewasaverysmartboybuthemadeafoolishdecisionthistime.
A.cleverB.honestC.braveD.
dull
3、Thegovernmenthasprotectedfarmersfromdamagingdropsingrainprices.
A.slightB.surprisingC.sudden.D.
harmful
4、Thesportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.
A.putdownB.putoutC.delayedD.
cancelled
5、ThoughhewasborninAmerica,hecanspeaksmoothChinese.
A.perfectB.fluentC.poorD.
flowing
6、Weshouldneversatisfyourselveswithwhatwehavelearned.
A.convinceB.contentC.comfortD.
benefit
7>Hehasaveryoutgoingpersonalityanditiseasyforhimtomakesfriends.
A.abilityB.characterC.realityD.
attitude
8、Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentials,abed,achair,and
atable.
A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.
made
9、Thisarticlerequiresmoreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterference.
A.callsforB.appliesforC.caresforD.
allowsfor
10>Heisahumorousman,especiallyhisexpressioninhisface.
A.rationallyB.obviouslyC.
particularlyD.traditionally
11>PeoplenamethisstreetBillStreetinhonorofthefamousgeneral.
A.respectingB.memorizingC.intermofD.
inviewof
12>Hedoesn11likethechildrenwhoarepronetotellingalie.
A.reliableB.liableC.promisingD.
declined
13、Wearedisappointedtofindoutthathehasmadeafatalmistake.
A.crucialB.foolishC.stupidD.
important
14、TheteacheraskedustosubmitthereportsbeforenextMonday.
A•handinB.handoutC.handonD.hand
back
15>Purchasingthenewproductionlinewillbeaprofitabledealforthecompany.
A.beneficialB.tremendousC.forcefulD.
favorable
第2部分:阅读判断
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句
提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句信息
文中没有提及,请选择C。
1.MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently
Malepilotsflyinggeneralaviating(private)aircraftintheUnitedStates
aremorelikelytocrashduetoinattentionorflaweddecision-making,while
femalepilotsaremorelikelytocrashfrommishandlingtheaircraft.These
aretheresultsofastudybyresearchersattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity
BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.
Thestudyidentifiesthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalepilotsin
termsofcircumstancesofthecrashandthetypeofpilotserrorinvolved.
nCrashesofgeneralaviationaircraftaccountfor85percentofallaviation
deathsintheUnitedStates.Thecrashrateformalepilots,asformotor
vehicledrivers,exceedsthatofcrashesoffemalepilotsz"explainsSusan
P.Baker.MPH,professorofhealthpolicyandmanagementattheBloomberg
SchoolofPublicHealth."Becausepilotyouthandinexperienceareestablished
contributorstoaviationcrashes,wefocusedononlymaturepilots,todetermine
thegenderdifferencesinthereasonsforthecrash.”
Theresearchersextracteddataforthisstudyfromalargeresearchproject
onpilotagingandflightsafety.Thedataweregatheredfromgeneralaviation
crashesofairplanesandhelicoptersbetween1983and1997,involving144
femalepilotsand267realepilotsaged40-63.Femalepilotswerematched
withmalepilotsina1:2ratio,byage,classesofmedicalandpilotcertificates,
stateorareaofcrash,andyearofcrash.Thenthecircumstancesofthecrashes
andthepiloterrorinvolvedwerecategorizedandcodedwithoutknowledge
ofpilotgender.
Theresearchersfoundthatlossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffwasthe
mostcommoncircumstanceforbothsexes,leadingto59percentoffemalepilots,
crashesand36percentofmales.Experiencingmechanicalfailure,running
outoffuelzandlandingtheplanewiththelandinggearupwereamongthe
factorsmorelikelywithmales,whilestalling(失速)wasmorelikelywith
females.
Themajorityofthecrashes-95percentforfemalesand88percentfor
males-involvedatleastonetypeofpiloterror.Mishandlingaircraftkinetics
wasthemostcommonerrorforbothsexes,butwasmorecommonamong
females(accountingfor81percentofthecrashes)thanmales(accountingfor
48percent).Maleszhowever,appearedmorelikelytobeguiltyofpoordecision
-making,risk-taking,andinattentiveness,examplesofwhichinclude
misjudgingweatherandvisibilityorflyinganaircraftwithaknowndefect.
Females,thoughmorelikelytomishandleorlosecontroloftheaircraft,
weregenerallymorecarefulthantheirmalecounterparts.
16、Malepilotsaremorelikelytocrastlthanfemalepilots.
A.RightB.WrnngC.Notmentioned
17、Crashesofprivateaircraftaccountforonlyasmallpartofaviation
accidents.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18、Itisalreadyknownthataircraftcrashesaremostlycausedbyyoungand
inexperiencedpilots.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19、Bothmaleandfemalepilotsflyinggeneralaviating(private)aircraft
areundergreatstress.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20、Theresearchdatainvolvedmorethan400pilotsaged40-63.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21>Themajorityofthecrashesareduetobadweatherconditions.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22、Lossofcontrolonlandingortakeoffandstallingisthemostcommon
errorofcrashwithfemalepilots.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:⑴第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4段每
段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选
项。
Paris
1Paris,thecapitalandthelargestcityofthecountry,isinnorthcentral
France.TheParismetropolitanareacontainsnearly20%ofthenation*s
populationandistheeconomiczcultural,andpoliticalcenterofFrance.
TheFrenchgovernmentshavehistoricallyfavoredthecityasthesitefor
alldecisionmaking,thuspowerfullyattractingnearlyallofthenation*s
activities.
2Parishasgrownsteadilysinceitwaschosenasthenationalcapital
inthelate10thcentury.WiththeintroductionoftheIndustrialRevolution,
agreatnumberofpeoplemovedtothecityfromthecountryduringthe19th
century.Themigrationwasespeciallystimulatedbytheconstructionof
railroads,whichprovidedeasyaccesstothecapital.AfterWorldWarIImore
andmoreimmigrantsarrived.
3Thecityisthecentralizedcontrolpointofmostnationalradioand
televisionbroadcasting.Itisaplaceofpublicationofthemostprestigious
newspapersandmagazinesandaninternationalbookpublishingcenter.With
morethan100museums,Parishastrulybeenoneofthegreatestconcentrations
ofarttreasuresintheworld.TheLouver,openedasamuseumin1793,is
oneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.
4Inthelate1980sabout4.1millionpupilsannuallyattendedabout47,000
elementaryschools.Inaddition,about5.4millionstudentsattendedsome
11z200secondaryschools.Approximately1.2millionstudentswereenrolled
annuallyatuniversitiesandcollegesinFranceinthelate1980s.French
centersoflearninghaveservedasacademicmodelsthroughouttheworld.
5ParisistheleadingindustrialcenterofFrance,withaboutonequarter
ofthenation1smanufacturingconcentratedinthemetropolitanarea.Industries
ofconsumergoodshavealwaysbeendrawntoParisbytheenormousmarketof
thebigpopulation,andmodern,high-technologyindustriesalsohavebecome
numeroussinceWorldWarII.Chiefmanufacturesaremachinery,automobiles,
chemicalsandelectricalequipment.
A.Historyofthecity
B.Industriesofthecity
C.Populationgrown
D.Education
E.Culturalcenter
F.Immigration
23、Paragraph2
24、Paragraph3
25、Paragraph4
26、Paragraph5
A.canbefoundinParis
B.themajoreventsofthenation
C.ofthecountry*sindustries
D.alotofcinemasandtheaters
E.hasbeengrowingsteadily
F.hasbeendecreasingrapidly
27、Parishasinhistorybeenthecenterof.
28、Sincethe10thcentury,thepopulationofParis.
29、Manyvaluableworksofart.
30、ParisisnotonlythecenterofeducationofFrance,butalsothecenter
第4部分:阅读理解
下面有3篇短文,文后有5道题。请根据短文内容为每题定一个最佳选项。
弟扁
TheDrivefortheFuture
Driverlessears
ProfessorSebastianThrun,directoroftheStanfordArtificialIntelligence
Laboratory,wantstocutthenumberofearsonplanetearthby50%.
Hesaid:"It*sahugewasteofmoneyandresourcestodoso—weuseears
about3%ofthetime.H
ProfessorThrunisaleaderinthefieldofdriverlessCarsandhasbuilt
tworoboticvehiclescalledStanleyandJunior.
Thecarshavenohumandriverandnoremotecontrolsystem—everythingfrom
sensorstonavigationishandledbyanonboardcomputer.
TheywerebothenteredintotheDARPAGrandChallenge—araceforautonomous
vehicles.Stanleywonin2004andJuniortooksecondplacein2007.
Buttheultimategoalistocreateaworldwhereself-awarevehicles
candrivepassengersaroundwithouthittingpedestriansorbumpingintoother
vehicles.
HTobeabletounderstandtheenvironmentasdeepashumansdoistheholy
grailofartificialintelligence."
"It1sahugeamountofworktomakecomputersunderstandwhatisthebehaviour
ofthetwopeopleontheright,bothwaitingatanintersection—willthey
walkornot?Itisareallyhardquestion.H
Perfectmissions
ResearchersatStanfordaretryingtoprogramhelicopterstoflyperfect
missionseverytimeincludingloops.
Imagine,forexample,asearchandrescuechopperthatcandescendinto
anarrowcanyoncountlesstimeswithoutitsrotorsevertouchingtheedges.
AndrewNgzanassociateprofessorintheComputerScienceDepartmentzsaid
itwouldbeverydifficulttowritesoftwaretomakeahelicopterearlyout
stuntsintheair.
Instead,researchersaskedaexperthumanpilottodemonstratethestunts.
Thecomputerlearnedfromthedemonstrationshowtoflybyitself.
Itiscalledapprenticeshiplearning—thecomputerfiguresoutwhatthe
humanpilotistryingtodoandthenusesalgorithmstocorrectorperfect
theoperations.
ProfessorNgsaid:nTheaccelerometersofthehelicopterwillfeelthe
forceofthewindpushingthehelicopterasideandwhatthehelicopterhas
learnedtodoishowtoadjustthecontrolstomoveitselfbackontothedesired
flightpath.n
31、WhatdescriptionaboutProfessorSebastianThrunisNOTfight?
A.ProfessorSebastianThrunisfromStanfordUniversity.
B.ProfessorSebastianThrunisinterestedinplanes.
C.ProfessorSebastianThrunhastwoautonomousears,StanleyandJunior.
D.ProfessorSebastianThrunwantstomakeintelligentcars.
32、Whatisthekeytocreateaself-awarevehicle?
A.Tobuildagoodnavigationsystemforavehicle.
B.Toputupacompletesetofsensorsinavehicle.
C.Tomakeavehicleunderstandstheenvironmentlikehumansdo.
D・Tosetupagoodcomputercontrolcenterforavehicle.
33、Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Itiseasyforpilotstodothestuntswhenoperatinghelicoptersin
theair.
B.Itiseasyforhelicopterstodescendintoanarrowcanyontodorescue
work.
C.Itisdifficulttodesignsoftwarewhichenablesahelicoptertodo
stunts.
D.Thereisnosuchsoftwarethatenablesahelicoptertodostunts.
34、Whatisapprenticeshiplearning?
A.Itisaprocessthatanewpilotlearnfromanexperiencedpilot.
B.Itisacoursethatacandidatepilottakesinordertobecameapilot.
C.Itisacoursethatasoftwareengineertakestolearntodesigncomputer.
D・Theprocessthatacomputeranalyzehowpilotsdostunts,andtobetter
theoperationofitself.
35、Whichstatementisright?
A.Thispassageshowsthelatestcarandhelicoptermodels.
B.Thispassageintroducesthelatestresearchincarsandhelicopters.
C.Thispassagepersuadespeopletobuycars.
D.Thispassageexplainshowhelicopterswork.
弟一局
BrainTrain
Millionsofcopiesofconsoleandcomputer-based"braintrainers11are
soldworldwideeveryyear,claimingtomakepeoples1brainsyounger,better,
fasterorbigger.Thetheoryseemstomakesense:regularlyexercisingthe
brainwithtestsandpuzzlescanimprovebrainskillsandhelppeoplebecome
betterateverydaythinkingtasks.
Butrecentresearchsuggestsscientificevidenceislacking.
TheBBC1sBrainTestBritainexperimentwantstofindoutifbraintraining
reallyworkszandisaimingtogetthousandsofmembersofthepublictotrain
for10minutesadayzthreetimesaweek,foratleastsixweeks.
Scientificexperimentsandtheirfindingsshouldbeevaluatedby
independentexpertsinaprocesscalled"peerreview".Thisistheminimum
standardbywhichthequalityofanyresearchisjudged.
Verylittleresearchoncommercialbraintrainershasbeenpeerreviewed.
Instead,manufacturersoftenquoteunsupportedtestimonialsfrom"
satisfiedusers11.Noneoftheseareacceptablesubstitutesforpeerreview.
Aproper"controlgroupnisthebackboneofanyvalidscientificstudy.
Withabraintrainingstudy,thecontrolgroupofparticipantsshoulddo
thesameamountofamentalactivityasthebrain-traininggroup,butusing
a"non-braintrainingnactivitysuchasacrossword.
Scientistsshouldthenbeabletocomparetheresultsfromthetwogroups
toseehowgenuinelyeffectivethebraintrainingtaskswere.
Studiesthathavebeenusedtosupporttheclaimsmadebycommercialbrain
trainersoftenhavenocontrolgroupatallzoracontrolgroupthatisnot
asmentallyactiveasthetrainedgroup.
Inordertoseehowmuchyouhaveimproved,youneedtoknowwhereyou
wereatthestart.Todothis.scientistsusea"benchmarkingtest"—thesame
test,takenatthebeginningandendofanexperiment.
Benchmarkingtestsshouldhedifferentfromthebraintrainingtasks.This
way,scientistscanseeiftheeffectsofbraintrainingaretransferable
toothermentaltasks.
Studiesusedtosupporttheclaimsmadebycommercialbraintrainersoften
usetestsforbenchmarkingthatareidentical—orverysimilar——tothetests
usedduringtraining
36、Whatisthewriter1sattitudetowardsthe"braintrainersH?
A.TheWriterthinksitisstupidtouse.
B.Thewriterbelievedthattheseproductscanworkwell.
C.Thewriterlikestheseproductsverymuch.
D.Thewriterissuspectableaboutitseffect.
37>WhatdescriptionisrightaboutBBC1sBrainTestBritainexperiment?
A.Thisexperimentistoexaminethequalityofthebraintrainingproducts
sold.inmarket.
B.ThisexperimentistohelpBBCtodevelopanewbraintrainingproduct.
C.Thepeopletakingpartinthisexperimentshoulddobraintrainingten
minuteseveryday.
D.Forapeontakingpartinthisexperiment,thetrainingperiodlasts
atleastforsixweeks.
38、Whichstatementabout11peerreview"isright?
A.Thetestimonialsfrom"satisfiedusersHofaproductcanbeclassified
aspeerreview.
B.AgoodscientificresearchmustgothroughaHpeerreview".
C.Peerreviewcanbedonebytheresearcherswhodotheexperiment.
D.Antheexistentbraintrainerproductshaveapeerreviewtotestify
theirquality.
39、WhatshouldacontrolgroupdointheBBC1sbraintrainingstudy?
A.Thecontrolgroupshouldnotdoanymentalactivity.
B,Thecontrolgroupshoulddomorementalactivitythanthebrain-training
group.
C,Thecontrolgroupshoulddelessmentalactivitythanthebrain-training
activity.
D.Thecontrolgroupshoulddoanon-braintrainingactivity.
40、Howdotheresearchersknowthebrain-trainingactivityisuseful?
A.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithatestthat
issimilartothetestusedduringthetraining.
B.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithatestwhich
isthesametestusedatthebeginning.
C.Attheendoftheexperiment,totesttheparticipantswithaTetris
test.
D.Attheendoftheexperimenttotesttheparticipantswithatestmore
difficultthanthetest〜usedatthebeginning.
第-二-答
LonelyPlanet
Sometimesitseemslikewe1reallfriendsonFacebook.Butthesadtruth
isthatAmericansarelonelierthanever.Between1985and2004zthenumber
ofpeoplewhosaidtheyfeltlonelytripled,to25percentzaccordingtoDuke
Universityresearchers.
Socialisolationinalladultshasbeenlinkedtosleepdisorders,high
bloodpressure,andanincreasedriskofdepressionandsuicide,saysJohn
T.Cacioppo,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofChicago.
ThoughmoreAmericansthaneverarelivingalone,theconnectionbetween
single-livingandlonelinessisinfactquiteweak.11Someofthemostprofound
lonelinesscanhappenwhenotherpeoplearepresent,HsaysHarryReis,professor
ofpsychologyattheUniversityofRochester.Takecollegefreshmen:even
thoughthey*resurroundedbypeoplealmostallthetime,manyfeelincredibly
isolatedduringthefirstquarteroftheschoolyear,Caciopposays.Bythe
secondquarter,however,mostfreshmenhavefoundsocialreplacementsfor
theirhigh-schoolfriends.
Sohowmanyfriendsdoyouneedtoavoidloneliness?Thereisnomagic
number.Anintrovertmightneedoneconfidantenottofeellonely,whereas
1
anextrovertmightrequirethreezorfourbosombuddies.Expertssayits
notthequantityofsocialrelationshipsbutthequalitythatreallymatters.
“Themostpopularkidinschoolmaystillfeellonely,11Caciopposays."There
orealotofstarswhohavebeenidolsandlivedlonelylives.H
Lonelinesscanberelative:ithasbeendefinedasanemotionalresponse
toaperceiveddiscrepancybetweenaperson*sdesiredlevelsofsocial
interactionandthecontactthey1reactuallyreceiving.Peopletendtomeasure
themselvesagainstotherszfeelingparticularlyaloneincommunitieswhere
socialconnectionisthenorm.
Social-networkingsiteslikeFacebookandMySpacemayprovidepeople
withafalsesenseofconnectionthatultimatelyincreaseslonelinessinpeople
whofeelalone."Thesesitesshouldserveasasupplementzbutnotreplacement
for,face-to-faceinteraction.Justbeingabletoengagegenuinelyand
politelywithyourneighborsisabetterfixthantextingcouldevereffect
formentalstability.nCaciopposays.
41、Accordingtothepassage,whyisi
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