2021届高考英语二轮专题闯关导练50分阅读理解提分练一含解析

50分阅读理解提分练(一)阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2020·武汉市部分学校高三在线学习摸底检测]GreatActivitiesforNatureLoversHikingOneoftheeasiestandmostaccessiblewaystogetclosetonatureisbysettingoutonagoodold­fashionedhike.Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.Thisactivitycanbeasrelaxingasyoumakeit.BackcountryCampingWhylimityourselftojustadayhikewhenyoucanhaveafullweekend(orlonger)adventure?Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent,sleepinggear,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcampinaremotelocation.Ifyou'reanexperiencedhikerandcamper,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness.MountainandRoadBikingUnlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.Mountainbikingtypicallyinvolvesridingupanddownsteepslopes,betweentrees,andoverrocks.Ifthissoundstoointenseoryourtiresaren'tsuitedforruggedterrain,considertakingaroadbikeonpavedtrailsthroughforestpreservesoralongcountryroads.GardeningContrarytopopularbelief,youdon'thavetotravelbeyondyourownbackyardtoexperiencethebeautyofnatureeveryday.Ifyourpersonalityislessadventurousoryourmobilityisrestricted,considermakingagardentoplantyourownvegetables,fruits,herbs,orflowers.There'ssomethingtrulysatisfyingaboutmixingasaladwithfreshingredientsyouplantyourself.Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeonnatureisthatitdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.1．Whatdohikersneedforhiking?A．Aworldmap.B．Astrongdesire.C．Practicalskills.D．Necessaryequipment.2．Wherewillyougotoshowyoursurvivalpotentialinthewild?A．Toabackyard.B．Toaforest.C．Toamountain.D．Toadistantplace.3．Whichofthefollowingcantakeyoutotravelfarthest?A．Hiking.B．BackcountryCamping.C．Gardening.D．MountainandRoadBiking.4．Whatistheadvantageofenjoyingthenaturalbeautyinyourgarden?A．It'spopular.B．Itsavesmoney.C．It'sadventurous.D．Itsavestime.B[2020·长沙市高三统一模拟]“Payitforward”isanewsayingwhichmeansdonatingmoneyorperforminggooddeedswithouthopingforrecognition.Asfarasthereceiverofthemoney,gift,orgooddeedisconcerned,heorsheistoldonlytodosomethinggoodforsomeoneelse.WhenScott,ahomelessman,spenthislast$15,hewasn'tlookingatitasaninvestment,butit'sabouttopayhimhugeprofits.Afterhehelpedawomanwhoranoutofgas,shereturnedthefavorbyraisingalotmoreontheInternet.EmilyMcClure,26,wasdrivinghomewhensheranoutofgashalfway.“Hesawmepulloverandknewsomethingwaswrong，”shewrote.“Hetoldmetogetbackinthecarandlockthedoors.Afewminuteslater,hecamebackwitharedgascan,usinghislast15dollarstomakesureIcouldgethomesafely.”Shecouldn'trepayhimatthattimebecauseshehadnocashwithher.“Ihavebeenstoppingbyhisspotforthepastfewweeks.Irepaidhimforthegasandgavehimsomeclothes.”Emilydecidedtodomoreforhim,soshestartedacrowdfunding(众筹)campaignonGoFundMe,anditquicklygainedfarbeyonditsinitial$10,000goal.Whenitreached$100,000,thefund­raisingpagewasshutdownforatimeatScott'srequest.Hedidn'twantpeopletothinkhewastakingadvantageofthesituation.Finally,Emilysaidthatsherestarteditbecausethepublicinteresthadnotdecreased.ShealsoaddedthatScottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause.AccordingtoTheWashingtonTimes,ScottwantstogetajobatawarehouseandadepartmentmanagerfromacompanyhasalreadyreachedouttoScott.5．Whywasthefund­raisingpageclosedforatime?A．Peoplehadnomoreinterestindonation.B．Emilywastoobusytomakeeffortsforit.C．Scottwasunwillingtobeconsideredgreedy.D．Thegoaltoraise$10,000hadbeenachieved.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesScott?A．Flexiblebutmean.B．Caringandsupportive.C．Honestbutstubborn.D．Aggressiveanddemanding.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusfromthetext?A．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B．Onegoodturndeservesanother.C．Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.D．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.C[2020·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟]Clothingrentalisahotnewindustryandretailers(零售商)aredemandingtogetonboardinthehopeofattractinggreenshoppers.Butisrentingfashionactuallymoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanbuyingit,andifso,howmuchmore?JournalistandauthorElizabethClineinvestigatedthisquestionandconcludedthatit'snotassustainableasitseems.Takeshipping,forexample,whichhastogotwowaysifanitemisrented—receivingandreturning.Clinewritesthatconsumertransportationhasthesecondlargestcarbonfootprintofourcollectivefashionhabitaftermanufacturing.Shewrites,“Anitemorderedonlineandthenreturnedcanrelease20kilogramsofcarboneachway,andincreasesupto50kilogramsforrushshipping.Bycomparison,thecarbonimpactofapairofjeanspurchasedfromaphysicalstoreandwashedandwornathomeis33.4kilograms,accordingtoa2015studybyLevi's.”Thenthere'stheburdenofwashing,whichhastohappenforeveryitemwhenit'sreturned,regardlessofwhetherornotitwasworn.Formostrentalservices,thisusuallymeansdry­cleaning,ahigh­impactandpollutingprocess.AlltherentalservicesthatClinelookedintohavereplacedperchloroethylene(全氯乙烯),acarcinogenic(致癌的)airpollutant,stillusedby70percentofUSdrycleaners,withalternatives,althoughthesearen'tgreateither.Lastly,Clinefearsthatrentalserviceswillincreaseourappetiteforfastfashion,simplybecauseit'ssoeasilyaccessible.There'ssomethingcalled“sharewashing”thatmakespeoplewastemorepreciselybecauseaproductorserviceissharedandthusisregardedasmoreeco­friendly.Uberisoneexampleofthis,advertisedas“awaytoshareridesandlimitcarownership”，andyet“ithasbeenproventodiscouragewalking,bicycling,andpublictransportationuse”．Rentingclothesisstillpreferabletobuyingthemcheapandthrowingtheminthedustbinafterwearingfewtimes,butweshouldn'tlettheavailabilityoftheseservicesmakeustoosatisfied.There'sanevenbetterstep—that'swearingwhatisalreadyinthecloset.8．WhatisElizabethCline'sattitudetowardclothingrental?A．Approving.B．Unfavorable.C．Objective.D．Enthusiastic.9．TheUberexampleinParagraph6indicatesthat________.A．rentalservicesareontheriseB．clothingrentalwillbeassuccessfulasUberC．rentingclothesmightwastemorethanexpectedD．rentingclothesmightmakepeopleloseinterestinfastfashion10．Theauthorsuggeststhatweshould______.A．giveuprentingclothesB．purchaseinexpensiveclothesC．rentclothesratherthanbuythemD．makefulluseofclotheswe'vepossessed11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Clothingrentalisanewfashion.B．Clothingrentalisretailers'preference.C．Rentingclothesisnotthateco­friendly.D．Renting­clothesbusinessisinadilemma.D[2020·重庆市高三第一次调研]Theproliferation(激增)offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternationalattentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.Sincethen,theeyesoftheworldhaveshiftedelsewhereasHouseDemocratslaunchedanimpeachment(弹劾)inquiryagainstPresidentDonaldTrump.Meanwhile,theAmazoncontinuedtoburn.Thenumberoffiresdecreasedby35%inSeptember2019,butexpertssaythisismerelyaslowdowninacrisiswithglobalrepercussions(反响).Therewerestill19,925fireoutbreaksinSeptember2019ontheBrazilianpartoftherainforest,whichaccountsfornearly65%oftheAmazonbasin.Moreover,throughthefirstninemonthsof2019,thenumberoffiressoaredby41%comparedtothesameperiodin2018,Brazil'sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)reported.HigherrainfalltotalsthanusualsincethebeginningofSeptember2019andmeasurestakenundermountingpressurebyBrazilianPresidentJairBolsonaro—whodeployedthemilitarytotheAmazonandimposedatwo­monthbanonclearinglandthroughfires—contributedtotheburningdecline.“Thefactorsthatledtosuchwidespreadfiresinthefirstplace—decreasedenforcementofforestlaw,illegaldeforestationforagricultureandinvasionofnativeterritories—remaininplace，”saidNigelSizer,ChiefProgramOfficerfortheadvocacyorganizationRainforestAlliance.“ItisgoodnewsthattherearefewerfiresintheAmazonrightnow,butthisisashort­termpausefromthelargerproblem.”Thatproblemcentersondeforestationthroughsystematicallychoppingdowntrees,whichareeitherloggedorburned,mostlytoconvertthelandforraisingcattleandgrowingcrops.Thepracticehasexpandedfromasmallscaletoanindustrialproduction,leadingtoabout20%oftheBrazilianAmazonhavingbeenclearedsince1970.12．WhoraisedinternationalattentiontotheproliferationoffiresintheAmazonrainforest?A．EmmanuelMacron.B．DonaldTrump.C．NigelSizer.D．JairBolsonaro.13．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．TherearemorefiresinAmazonnowthaneverbefore.B．ThereweremorefiresinAmazoninAugust2019thaninSeptember2019.C．TheproliferationoffirescoversmostofthewideareainAmazon.D．ThefiresintheAmazonrainforestisstillburningwithinternationalattention.14．What'sthemaincauseofthewidespreadfiresintheAmazonrainforest?A．Decreasedenforcementofforestlaw.B．Invasionofnativeterritories.C．Seriousdeforestationforagriculture.D．Theshort­termpauseoftheproliferationoffires.15．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Agardeningmagazine.C．Anewspaper.D．Atravelbrochure.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2020·安徽省部分重点中学高三联考]UrbanWildlifeCitiesarediverseecosystems.Inadditiontovisitorsfromthewild,alargenumberofspeciesshareoururbanareas.Asourcitiesspread,weneedtothinkaboutwhatitislikeforotherspeciestohavehumanneighbors.Citiesarebuiltforhumans.__16__Forexample,mostcityparksarekeptneatandtidysothathumanswillfindthembeautiful.Butwhenwecutgrassorplantflowers,wedestroynaturalhabitats.__17__WhenabridgeinAustin,Texaswasrepaired,engineersaddedsmallgapsrunningalongthelengthofitsbottom.Thismadeagoodhomeforbats,andsoonthebridgewasthehomeofthousandsofbats.__18__Now,theyhavecometovaluetheirwinged(有翼的)neighbors.Thebatsareatouristattraction,andtheyeatlotsofbugseverynight.Therearealsostructuresbuiltwiththeaimofbringingwildlifeintothecity.TheOlympicForestParkisagoodexample.Theparkusednativeplantsandcreatedopen,naturalspaceforwildlife.TheresultisazoneinBeijingwithover160speciesofbirds.Inmanyways,theparkistheoppositeofazoo.__19__Ifwelearntoshareourspace,wecanbecomebetterneighborstothewildlifearoundus.__20__Ourownfuturewillbeendangeredtoo.A．Theyarebuilttoprotectbirds.B．Ouractionssometimeshelpotherspecies.C．Ifwedonot,morespecieswillbecomeextinct.D．Theydonotalwaysprovidesuitablehabitatsforwildlife.E．Insteadofbeingkeptincages,wildlifecanmovefreely.F．Atfirst,peoplewereafraidofthebatsandtriedtogetridofthem.G．Theywouldsitonitandtheirdroppingswouldfallintothewater.50分阅读理解提分练(一)阅读理解第一节A语篇类型：应用文主题语境：人与社会——活动介绍——适宜大自然爱好者的活动[文章大意]该文讲述了大自然爱好者可以参加的几项活动。1．答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据Hiking部分中的“Hikinggenerallydoesn'trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.”可知，徒步旅行者只需要有一张地图和对冒险的渴望便可踏上旅途，故B项正确。尽管Hiking部分中提及“justapieceofmap”，但是徒步旅行需要的可能只是当地地图，而不是世界地图，故A项错误。2．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据BackcountryCamping部分中的“tosetupcampinaremotelocation”和“thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness”可知，去偏远的地方露营可以展示自己的野外生存潜力，故D项正确。3．答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据MountainandRoadBiking部分中的“bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature”可知，MountainandRoadBiking可以带你去最远的地方，故D项正确。4．答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据Gardening部分中的“itdoesn'thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit”可知，在自家花园体验自然的好处是省钱，故B项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——善有善报[文章大意]无家可归的斯科特用自己最后的15美元帮助了在中途车没油的艾米丽；为回报他，艾米丽在网络上发起众筹，然而斯科特却把筹集来的多余的钱捐赠给了慈善机构，他以这种方式奉献社会，社会最终以一份不错的工作回报了他。5．答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第五段第二句和第三句可知，资金筹集网页关闭是应斯科特的要求，因为他不想让人觉得自己是在利用这种情况，即斯科特不愿意被认为是贪婪的，故C项正确。6．答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容以及第五段中的“Scottplannedtodonatetheresttoagoodcause”可知，当斯科特发现艾米丽的车子没油停在半路的时候，他让艾米丽回到车里锁好车门，并用自己最后的15美元为艾米丽买了一罐汽油以确保她能安全回家；他还计划把筹集来的多余的钱捐给一个做好事的组织，由此可推知，他关心他人而且能够给予他人帮助，故B项正确。7．答案与解析：B考查写作意图。根据第二段尾句“Afterhehelpedawoman...ontheInternet.”并结合全文内容可知，本文讲述了无家可归的斯科特帮助了艾米丽，社会也帮助了斯科特的故事，说明了好人有好报的道理。故B项正确。C语篇类型：议论文主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——服装租赁并非绿色环保[文章大意]服装租赁是新兴的热门行业，零售商希望以此吸引环保消费者。可是，该行业并不像它看起来的那样绿色环保。它包含的运输环节要比在实体店里买一件衣服然后在家里洗和穿释放的碳多；清洗环节也会污染环境；而且它可能会使我们更追求快时尚从而浪费得更多。最环保的做法是穿衣橱里本来就有的衣服。8．答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句可知，Cline得出的结论是，这个行业并不像它看起来的那样环保；并结合第三至第六段表述的Cline得出这种结论的原因可推知，Cline并不支持服装租赁，B项意为“不赞成的，否定的，不喜欢的”，故B项正确。C项意为“客观的”，与文意不符。9．答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第六段第二句可知，因为一种产品或服务是共享的，因此就被认为更环保，但这却使人们浪费得更多。接着下文列举了Uber的例子——它被宣传为一种共享出行