职称英语理工类a级模拟49

职称英语理工类A级模拟49

第1部分：词汇选项

1、Thepolicemenactedquicklybecauseliveswereatstake

A.indangerB.indiffcultyC.indespairD.outofcontrol

2、Theviewfrommybedroomwindowwasabsolutelyspectacular.

A.generalB.traditionalC.

magnificentD.strong

3、ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksa

record.

A.beatsB.maintainsC.

matchesD.tries

4、Shewasgratefultohimforbeingsogoodtoher.

A.helpfulB.hatefulC.delightfulD.

thankful

5、Beforeherbswereavailableinsupermarketsyear-round,herbvinegarwasmade

inthefall.

A.obtainableB.affordable

C.reasonableD.disposable

6、Heexpressedconcernthattheshipmightbeindistress.

A.despairB.difficulties

C.needD.danger

7、Theroomwasfurnishedwiththesimplestessentials,abed,achair,and

atable.

A.suppliedB.gatheredC.graspedD.

made

8、Hebeganhistalkbygivingaconcisedefinitionofpost-modernism.

A.longanddetailedB.shortandclear

C.comprehensiveD.professional

9、Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?

A.lastlyB.finally

C.shortlyD.recently

10、Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

A.borrowedB.purchasedC.

copiedD.rewritten

11>Thereisnorisktopublichealth.

A.point

B.danger

C.chance

D,hope

12>In1861itseemedinevitablethattheSouthernstateswouldbreakawayfrom

theUnion.

A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper

13、Thesubstancecanbeaddedtogasolinetoacceleratethespeedofautomobiles.

A.quickenB.shortenC.loosenD.enlarge

14、TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.

A.playB.show

C.sendD.tell

15>Wehavetoactwithintheexistinglegalframework.

A.limitB.procedureC.statusD.

system

第2部分：阅读判断

TheThreattoKiribati

ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,

theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally,Several

timesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhigh

tide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,came

whentherewasneitherwindnorrain."Thisneverhappenedbefore,nsaythe

oldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobal

warming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants（污染物）

arereleased；thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth*satmosphere.Warmer

temperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers

（冰川）andpolar（极土也的）icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinueszscientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer.

Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral（珊瑚）

islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,

wouldfaceanevenworsefate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Theloss

ofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone1sloss.Coralformationsarehome

tomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomies

havealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon*t

havethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andthey

havenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlyby

activitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethat

industrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.

16、ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetaken

awaybyasuddenhightide.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavy

rain.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobal

warming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwill

be.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantial

abouttheproblemofglobalwarming.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducing

pollution.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

Athenucleusofacell

Bclonedhumanbeings

Cahumanbeingintwoyears

Dalawtobanhumancloning

Eareportonhumancloning

Fheavymediacoverage

23、RichardSeedclaimedtobeabletoclone.

24、RichardSeed1sannouncementreceived.

25、TheUnitedStateswillintroduce.

26、Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave.

A.AtmosphericScientists

B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop

C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols

D.TheScientists*Agreement

E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion

F.GreenhouseGases

27、Paragraph2

28>Paragraph3

29、Paragraph4

30、Paragraph5

第4部分：阅读理解

弟扁

RadiationEffect

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors（流星）butalso

becauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsas

ourprotectiveblanketonearthlight,getsthrough,andthisisessential

forplantstomakethefoodthatweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironment

endurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,but

enormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonas

menleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiation,buttheirspacesuits

orthewallsoftheirspacecrafts,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotof

radiationdamage.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunit

ofradiationiscalled"rem"（、'雷姆"）.Scientistshavereasontothinkthat

amancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged,

thefigureof60reinshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremely

difficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage-apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,

butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbe

discovereduntilthebirthofdeformed（畸形的）childrenorevengrandchildren.

MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationand,

duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollocrewaccumulatedalarger

amountofreins.Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,

buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethow

menaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotection

oftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratory.Drugsmighthelptodecrease

thedamageclonebyradiationzbutnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfound

sofar.

31>Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomanin

thato

A.itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromspace

B.itprovidessufficientlightforplantgrowth

C.itsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumansurvival

D.itscreensoffthefallingmeteors

32>Weknowfromthepassagethat.

A.exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationisfatal

B.theeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowincoming

C.radiationisavoidableinspaceexploration

D.astronautsinspacesuitsneedn1tworryaboutradiationdamage

33>TheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrewmembers.

A.isinsignificant

B.seemsoverestimated

C.isenormous

D,remainsunknown

34、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.theApollomissionwasverysuccessful

B.protectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyjob

C.astronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorgrandchildren

D.radiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceexplorers

35、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A.TheAtmosphereandOurEnvironment

B.ResearchonRadiation

C.EffectsofSpaceRadiation

D.ImportanceofProtectionAgainstRadiation

弟一^扁

SnowRanger

Thetwothingszsnowandmountains,whichareneededforaskiareaare

thetwothingsthatcauseavalanches,largemassofsnowandicecrushing

downthesideofamountain,oftencalled"WhiteDeath."

Itwasthethreatoftheavalancheanditsrecordasakillerofmanin

thewesternmountainsthatcreatedthesnowranger.Hefirststartedon

avalanchecontrolworkinthewinterof1937,38atAltazUtah,inWasatch

NationalForest.

Thismountainvalleywasbecomingwellknowntoskiers.Itwasdangerous.

Infactzmorethan120personshadlosttheirlivesin1936andanother200

diedin1937asaresultofavalanchesbeforeitbecameamajorskiarea.

Thus,developmentofAltaandothermajorskiresortsinthewestwas

dependentuponcontrollingtheavalanche.TheForestServicesetouttodo

it,anddidwithitscorpsofsnowrangers.

Ittakesmanythingstomakeasnowranger.Thesnowrangermustbein

excellentphysicalcondition.Hemustbeagoodskierandaskilledmountain

climber.Heshouldhaveatleastahighschooleducation,andthemorecollege

coursesingeology,physics,andrelatedfieldshehaszthebetter.

Hestudiessnow,terrain,wind,andweather.Helearnstheconditionsthat

produceavalanches.Helearnstoforecastavalanchesandtobringthemroaring

ondownthemountainsidestoreducetheirkillingstrength.Thesnowranger

learnstodothisbyusingartillery,byblastingwithTNT,andbythedifficult

andskillfulartofskiingavalanchesdown.

Thesnowranger,dressedinagreenparkawhichhasabrightyellowshoulder

patch,meanssafetyforpeopleonskislopes.Hepullsthetriggerona75

mm.Recoillessrifle,skiswaistdeepinpowdertestingsnowstability,or

talkswiththeskiarea1soperatorashegoesabouthisworktoprotectthe

publicfromthehazardsofdeepsnowonsteepmountainslopes.

36、Thesnowrangersareemployeesof.

A.theForestService.

B.theResourceBureau.

C.theTouristBoard.

D.theSportsBureau.

37、Asnowrangerhimselfmustbe.

A.acollegegraduate.

B.aphysicist.

C.ageologist.

D.amountaineer.

38、Asnowrangerusesverypowerfulguns.

A.towarnskiersofanapproachingavalanche.

B.tosignalforhelpinanemergency.

C.tocreateanavalanche.

D.tocommunicatewiththeskiareaoperator.

39、Whatistheprimarydutyofthesnowranger?

A.Tomakesureskiareaoperatorsarefollowingsafetyrules.

B.Topredictandcontrolavalanchesinmountainousareas.

C.Tocheckskisandrepairthem.

D.Toforecasttheweather.

40、Thepassageimpliesthatasnowranger.

A.knowshowtouseapistol.

B.mustwritelengthyreportsonhiswork.

C.maytravelmanymileswhenheisonduty.

D.hasalongworkingday.

FindingEnlightenmentinScotland

Inthe1740s,thefamousFrenchphilosophyVoltairesaid"WelooktoScotland

forallourideasofcivilization."That*snotabadadvertisementforany

country,especiallywhenitcomestoattractingpeopleinsearchofafirst

classeducation.

Yetsomepeoplegoevenfurtherthanthat.AccordingtotheAmericanauthor

ArthurHerman,theScotsinventedthemodemworlditself.Hearguesthat

Scottishthinkersandintellectualsworkedoutmanyofthemostimportant

ideasonwhichmodemlifedependeverythingfromthescientificmethodto

marketeconomics.Theirideasdidnotjustspreadamongstintellectualszbut

tothosepeopleinbusiness,governmentandthescienceswhoactuallyshaped

theWesternworld.

ItallstartedduringtheperiodthathistorianscalltheScottish

Enlightenment,whichisusuallyseenastakingplacebetweentheyears1740

and1800.Atthistime,Scotlandwashometoanumberofthinkerswhomade

animportantshiftinthecourseofWesternphilosophy.Beforethat,philosophy

wasmainlyconcernedwithreligion.ForthethinkersoftheScottish

Enlightenment,theproperstudyofhumanitywasmankinditself.

Theirreasoningwaspractical.ForthephilosopherDavidHume,humanity

wastherightsubjectforphilosophybecausewecanexaminehumanbehavior

andsofindrealevidenceofhowpeoplethinkandfeel.Andfromthatwecan

makejudgmentsaboutthesocietiesweliveinandmakeconcretesuggestions

abouthowtheycanbeimproved,foruniversalbenefit.

Humewasnotascientisthimself,buthisenquiryintothenatureofknowledge

laidthefoundationsforthescientificmethodthepursuitoftruththrough

experiment.HisfriendandfellowresidentofEdinburgh,AdamSmith,famously

appliedthestudyofmankindtothewaysinwhichmankinddoesbusiness.Tradez

heargued,wasaformofinformation.Moneyisthewayinwhichpeopletell

eachotherwhattheywant,andhowmuchpeoplepayisthebestwaywehave

ofknowinghowmuchsomebodywantssomething.Inpursuingourowninterests

throughtradinginmarketszweallcometobenefiteachother.

Smith*sideaofHenlightenedself-interest11hascometodominatemodem

viewsofeconomics.Italsohaswiderapplications.Hewasoneofthefirst

majorphilosopherstopointoutthatnationscanbecomerich,freeandpowerful

moreefficientlythroughpeace,tradeandinventionthanbymeansofwarand

plunder.

TheoriginalScottishEnlightenmentisthoughttohaveendedwiththelives

ofSmith,HumeandtheotherthinkerswholivedinScotlandatthattime.

ButawiderScottishEniightenmentcanstillbeseen.Itexistsintheway

thattheideasevolvedatthattimestillunderpinourtheories.Italsoexists

inScotlanditselfinaneducationaltraditionthatcombinesacademicexcellence

withpracticalorientation.

TheInstituteforSystemLevelIntegration(ISLI)isagoodexample.Founded

in1998byagroupoffourScottishuniversitieszISLIdrawsontheacademic

expertiseoftheuniversitydepartmentsofcomputerscience,electronicand

electricalengineeringandinformatics,Butthoughitworksatthecutting

edgeofscience,ISLI1sultimateaimsarerootedintheneedsofthereal

world：toproducehighlyskilleddesignengineersandresearcherstomeet

theneedsoftherapidlychangingglobalsemiconductorindustry.

ThoughonlyoneamongstmanyeducationalinstitutionsinScotland,ISLI1s

existenceshowsthattheprinciplesoftheScottishEniightenmentstilllive

on.It*sacountrythat1sstillinventing,stillmodernizing,andstilldoing

itsbesttospreadenlightenment.

41、Scotlandisthoughttohavemadeimportantcontributionstothecivilization

oftheWesternworldbecauseof_______.

A.thegreatthinkerswhowerebornthere

B.themethodsintroducedbyitsdistinguishedscholars

C.thefirst-classeducationitprovides

D.theideasproposedbysomefamousthinkersandintellectuals

42、WhichofthefollowingistheultimateaimofHume1shumanity-oriented

studies?

A.Toobserveandinvestigatehumanbehavior.

B.Tofindwaystoimprovehumansocietyasawhole.

C.Tofindouthowpeoplethinkandfeel.

D.Tojudgethesocietieshumanslivein.

43、Smith1sideaof"enlightenedself-interestHhasgreatsignificance

for.

A.thepursuitofpersonalinterest

B.theprosperityofallnations

C.theimprovementofinternationaltrade

D.thestudyofeconomicsonly

44、WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheScottishEnlightenment?

A.ItendedwiththedeathofsuchthinkersasHumeandAdamSmith.

B.ItisembodiedonlyinthewayScottishuniversitiesarerun.

C.Itsinfluenceisfoundonlyineconomics.

D.Itisstillaliveinabroadsense.

45、TheInstituteforSystemLevelIntegrationisusedasanexampleto

illustrate_______.

A.thepracticalorientationofScottishhighereducation

B.thetraditionofScottishhighereducation

C.Smith*sapplicationofHume*sphilosophicalideastoeconomies

D.thehighlevelofeducationScottishuniversitieshaveattained

第5部分：补全短文

PublicRelations

Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompany,

includingpublicityreleases,designedtopromotegoodwillandafavorable

image.

46Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersz

financialanalystszgovernmentofficials,andothernoncustomergroups,it

isusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartment,perhapsasastaff

departmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.This

organizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelations

departmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketing

efforts.47Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovide

positiveinfluenceonthepublicimagezthisinfluencegenerallymaybeless

thanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.

48Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketing

department,asitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.49

Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifit

thinksitspublicrelationsfunction,whetherwithinthecompanyoranoutside

firm,cantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.50Many

ofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesszsuchasitsproduct

quality,theservicingandhandlingofcomplaints,andthetenorofthe

advertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlight

favorablenewsworthyeventszandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworst

ofunfavorablepublicity,buttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix

createmorelastingimpressions.

A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertones

forthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.

B.Furthermore,notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm；somecanresult

formanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactions

thatarecontroversialorevendown-rightill-advised.

C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythe

firm,usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.

D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.

E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.

F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.

第6部分：完形填空

GermsonBanknotes

Peopleindifferentcountriesusedifferenttypesofmoney：yuaninChina,

pesosinMexico,poundsintheUnitedKingdom,51intheUnitedStates,

AustraliaandNewZealand.Theymayusedifferentcurrencies,butthese

countries,andprobablyallcountries,stillhaveonething52：Germson

thebanknotes.

Scientistshavebeenstudyingthegermsonmoneyforwellover2,100

years.53theturnofthe20thcentury,