人教版高三英语第二学期阅读理解专项训练单元达标质量专项训练

人教版高三英语第二学期阅读理解专项训练单元达标质量专项训练

一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练

1.阅读理解

I'mastoryteller.AndIwouldliketotellyouafewpersonalstories.

IgrewupreadingBritishandAmericanchildren'sbooks.WhenIbegantowrite,Iwroteexactly

thekindsofstoriesIwasreading:Allmycharacterswerewhiteandblue-eyed,theyateapples

andtalkedalotabouttheweather,despitethefactthatIlivedinNigeria.Weatemangoes,and

wenevertalkedabouttheweather.BecauseallIhadreadwerebooksinwhichcharacterswere

foreign,Ihadbecomeconvincedthatbooksbytheirverynaturehadtohaveforeignersinthem.

ThingschangedwhenIdiscoveredAfricanbooks.BecauseofwriterslikeChinuaAchebeand

CamaraLaye,Iwentthroughamentalshiftinmyideaofliterature.Irealizedthatpeoplelikeme,

girlswithskinthecolorofchocolate,couldalsoexistinliterature.IstartedtowriteaboutthingsI

recognized.SowhatthediscoveryofAfricanwritersdidformewasthis:Itsavedmefromhaving

asinglestoryofwhatbooksare.TheyearIturnedeight,wegotanewhouseboyFidefroma

nearbyruralvillage.Theonlythingmymothertoldusabouthimwasthathisfamilywasvery

poor.AndwhenIdidn'tfinishmydinner;mymotherwouldsay,"Finishyourfood!Don'tyou

know?PeoplelikeFide'sfamilyhavenothing,"SoIfeltenormouspityforFide'sfamily.Thenone

Saturday,wewenttohisvillagetovisit,andhismothershowedusabeautifullypatternedbasket

thathisbrotherhadmade.Iwasastonished.Ithadnotoccurredtomethatanybodyinhisfamily

couldactuallymakesomething.Theirpovertywasmysinglestoryofthem.

Yearslater,whenIleftNigeriatogotouniversityintheUnitedStates,myAmericanroommate

askedwhereIhadlearnedtospeakEnglishsowell,andwasconfusedwhenIsaidthatNigeria

happenedtohaveEnglishasitsofficiallanguage.Whatstruckmewasthis:Shehadfeltsorryfor

meevenbeforeshesawme.MyroommatehadasinglestoryofAfrica:asinglestoryof

catastrophe.

Ofcourse,Africaisacontinentfullofcatastrophes.Butthereareotherstoriesthatarenot

aboutcatastrophe,anditisveryimportant,itisjustasimportant,totalkaboutthem.The

consequenceofthesinglestoryisthis:Itrobspeopleofdignity.Itmakesourrecognitionofour

equalhumanitydifficult.Itemphasizeshowwearedifferentratherthanhowwearesimilar.

SowhatifmymotherhadtoldusthatFide'sfamilywaspoorandhardworking?Whatifwehad

anAfricantelevisionnetworkthatbroadcastdiverseAfricanstoriesallovertheworld?Whatifmy

roommateknewaboutmyNigerianpublisher,MuhtarBakare,aremarkablemanwholefthisjob

inabanktofollowhisdreamandstartapublishinghouse?Whatifmyroommateknewaboutmy

friendFunmilyanda,afearlesswomanwhohostsaTVshow,andisdeterminedtotellthestories

thatweprefertoforget?

MyNigerianpublisherandIhavejuststartedanon-profitcalledFarafinaTrust,andwehavebig

dreamsofbuildinglibrariesandprovidingbooksforstateschools,andalsooforganizinglotsof

workshopsinreadingandwriting,forallthepeoplewhoareeagertotellourmanystories.

Storiesmatter.Manystoriesmatter.Storiescanbreakthedignityofapeople,butstoriescan

alsorepairthatbrokendignity.Whenwerealizethatthereisneverasinglestoryaboutanyplace,

weregainakindofparadise.

(1)Whatisprobablypeople'sfirstimpressionofthewriterwhenitcomestohernationality?

A.Shemainlyeatsapplesandmangoes.

B.ShemaynotspeakfluentEnglish.

C.Shecomesfromaplacefreeofcatastrophes.

D.Sheprefersstoriesbasedonforeigncharacters.

(2)Theunderlinedphrase"amentalshift"inParagraph2referstothewriter's.

A.discoveryofAfricanbookswithcharactersofherskincolor

B.acquaintancewithlocalAfricanwriterslikeChinuaAchebe

C.realizationthatnotonlyforeigncharactersexistinliterature

D.changethatshestartedtowriteaboutthingssherecognized

(3)Howmanypersonalstorieshasthewritermentionedinthepassage?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

(4)Thewriterusesseveralsinglestoriesinthepassagetoillustratethatthesinglestory.

A.mattersinkeepinglistenerswellinformed

B.tendstoconveyaprejudicedideatolisteners

C.getsincreasinglypopularamongstorytellers

D.failstoproducealastingeffectonlisteners

(5)Thewriterlistsmany"whatifs"inParagraph6to.

A.emphasizeourdifferencesratherthansimilarities

B.indicatethewaythatstoriesareusedtobreakdignity

C.showthehardshipofrecognizingourequalhumanity

D.stresstheimportanceoftellingdiverse,balancedstories

(6)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThedangerofthesinglestoryB.Theimportanceoftellingstories

C.ThesinglestoriesthatmatterD.Storiesthatcanrepairbrokendignity

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)B

(4)B

(5)D

(6)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲了几个关于个人的故事，通过故事告诫我

们：如果我们只去聆听关于一个人、一个国家的单一故事，将会导致非常严重的误解。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，作者实际上来自尼日利亚，经常吃芒果，不讨论

天气，有着巧克力肤色。可知至少不是说英语的欧洲人：再根据第四段，作者的美国舍友

对她能说一口流利英语表示疑惑可知，因此可以推断出人们对尼日利亚的人第一印象可能

是认为他们不会说流利的英语。故选Bo

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Irealizedthatpeoplelikeme,girlswithskinthecolor

ofchocolate,couldalsoexistinliterature.”可知作者的思想转变是她意识到像她这样有着巧克

力肤色的女生也是可以在文学作品中有一席之地的。即不仅仅外国人物才存在文学作品

中。故选c。

（3）考查细节理解。第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲了作者自己意识到文学作品中人物

不限英美，作者发现Fide一家贫穷却努力，作者的室友对尼日利亚的刻板印象。即一共三

个她的个人经历。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，不论是作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友，不同的人们

有着不同的singlestory,实际上可以理解为"一面之词""刻板印象"，但其实又不符合事实，

即会给听众传达有偏见的想法，故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。作者的一系列假设，其实是更好的做法。兼听则明偏信则暗。我们

不应该听信一面之词，应该去多角度的均衡的了解。故选D。

（6）考查主旨大意。全文讲述了作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友的偏见，以及作者对此的

看法。认为一面之词实际上是很不好的。在并没有亲自去观察探索也没有去多方面了解之

前，人们就接受了singlestoryo但其实往往并不符合事实。因此最好的标题是一面之词的

危险。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2.阅读理解

BritishMuseumVisitorRegulations

Openinghours

WeopentheMuseum'sgalleriesdailyfrom10：00amuntil17：30pm.Wekeepselected

galleriesopenuntil20：30pmonFridays.

TheMuseum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom9:00amuntil18:00pm;exceptonFridayswhenit

remainsopenuntil20:30pm.

Youmaybeaskedbyyourstafftobeginleavinguptotenminutesbeforeclosingtime.

TheMuseumisclosed24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

WewarmlywelcomeyouonyourvisittotheMuseum.Intheinterestsofthesecurityofallof

ourvisitorswerequireyoufollowtheseregulations.

AdmissiontotheMuseumisfree,butwemaychargeforentrytosometemporaryexhibitions

andevents.

Foodanddrink

Youaren'tallowedtoconsumefoodanddrinkinsidetheMuseum,exceptinplacessuchasthe

restaurantandcafesortheforecourt.FamilieswithchildrenmayusetheFordCentreforyoung

visitorsinthebasementoftheMuseum'sGreatCourtatweekendsandduringschoolholidays.

Animals

Ifyouhaveadisability,youmaybeaccompaniedintheMuseumbyyourguide,assistantor

companionanimal.Youaren'tallowedtobringanimalsintotheMuseumunderanyother

circumstance.

Film,photographyandaudiorecording

Excepttheplacethatareindicatedbynotices,you'repermittedtousehand-heldcameras

(includingmobilephones)withflashbulbsorflashunits,andaudioandfilmrecordingequipment

notrequiringastand.Youmayuseyourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyour

ownprivateandnon-commercialpurposes.

(1)WhencanvisitorsvisittheMuseum?

A.At18:30pmonweekends.B.At14:00amonChristmasDay.

C.At19:00pmonFridays.D.At11:00amonNewYear'sDay.

(2)Whoaretheregulationsmainlyintendedfor?

A.Thevisitors.B.Thestaff.C.Theparents.D.Thechildren.

(3)WhatcanvisitorsdointheMuseum?

A.Eatanddrinkastheylike.B.Takealongtheirpetdogs.

C.Recordfilmsforsale.D.Takephotosforpersonalpurpose.

【答案】(1)C

(2)A

(3)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

(1)考查细节理解。根据Openinghours部分中的“TheMuseum'sGreatCourtisopenfrom

9:00amuntil18:00pm;exceptonFridayswhenitremainsopenuntil20:30pm."及"The

Museumisclosed24-26Decemberand1January.”可知,大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午

18点，周五开放到晚上20:30,12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，

由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:00去参观，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。纵观全文，以及标题"BritishMuseumVisitorRegulations"可知，本文

介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。根据Film,photographyandaudiorecording部分中的“Youmayuse

yourphotographs,filmandaudiorecordingsonlyforyourownprivateandnon-commercial

purposes."可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3.阅读理解

Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof"intelligence"isnotnew,saysRalphHauptei;

thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuring

askedwhethermachinescanthink."Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationof

factorstocometogethertomoveAlfromconcepttoreality,"saysHaupter.

Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecoming

generations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAlwillbeginto

touchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomeresearchers.

"PersonalassistantAiswillkeepgettingsmarter.Asourpersonalassistantslearnmoreabout

ourdailyroutines,IcanimaginethedayIneednottoworryaboutpreparingdinner.MyAlknows

whatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIget

backfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethat

deliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."-AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA.

"ThankstoAl,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver'slicenseandthenew

barcode(条形码).Facialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingsecuritywithbiometric

capabilitiesbeingadopted,andseeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazon

iswithWholeFoods,Icanseeanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineat

thestore,"-GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalresearchlaboratory.

"2019willbetheyearAlbecomesrealformedicine.Bytheendoftheyearwe'reseeing

solutionsforpopulationhealth,hospitaloperationsandabroadsetofclinicalspecialtiesquickly

followbehind."—MarkMichalski,executivedirector,MassachusettsGeneralHospital.

(1)WhatcanweknowaboutAlfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Peopledidn'texpectAltodevelopsorapidly.

B.TheideaofAljustcameuprecently.

C.TheconceptofAlwasputforwardbyRalphHaupter.

D.Ittookmorethan70yearstoturntheconceptintoreality.

(2)WhoseesthefutureofAldoinghouseworkinsteadofhumanbeing?

A.AlanTuring.B.GeorgesNahon.C.MarkMichalski.D.AlejandroTroccoli.

(3)WhatisGeorgesNahon'sjob?

A.ExecutivecHrectorofahospital.B.Presidentofaresearchlaboratory.

C.Chairmanofanenergycorporation.D.Chiefoperatingofficerofanewspaper.

(4)Howisthepassagedeveloped?

A.Byexplainingcauseandeffect.B.Bypresentingresearchresults.

C.Bylistingsomepredictions.D.Bydescribingpersonalexperiences.

【答案】(1)A

(2)D

(3)B

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过AlecjandroTroccoli,GeorgesNahon以及Mark

Michalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificial

intelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019

getsunderway,you'llfindAlwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosome

researchers.〃据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，

但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。可知从前两段

我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选Ao

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的〃MyAlknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweek

Iliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesare

waitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."■一

AlecjandroTroccoli,seniorresearchscientist,NVIDIA."我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周

中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我

准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。---AlecjandroTroccoli,NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。可知

AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,a

globalresearchlaboratory."GeorgesNahon,全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。可知

GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。第三、四和五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做

家务的未来；GeorgesNahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工

智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论述展开的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4.阅读理解

（TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7）The2019NobelPrizeinphysiology（生理学）ormedicinewas

jointlyawardedtothreescientists——WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza

——fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssembly

announcedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.

Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms（札L制）thatallowcellstorespondtochangesin

oxygenlevels.Thefindingshaveimplications（启示）fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.

Whydidtheywin?

"Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms（生物体）saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvard

MedicalSchool."Withoutoxygen,cellscan'tsurvive."Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbe

deadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?

Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallow

cellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations（波动），

increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.

Whyistheworkimportant?

Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohigh

altitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack（攫取）oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberofthe

NobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa"textbookdiscovery"andsaiditwouldbesomething

studentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.

"Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit'savery

excitingthing."Johnsonsaid.

Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshort

supply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthat

arefedbyandseekoutoxygen.

（1）ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause.

A.therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepast

B.oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthings

C.ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevels

D.variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch

(2)Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.

B.Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.

C.Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.

D.Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.

(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?

A.usedfortextbooksB.powerfulandauthoritative

C.typicalasaperfectexampleD.basicandclear

(4)InwhichpartofTheNewYorkTimescanyoufindthisarticle?

A.EntertainmentB.CultureC.TechnologyD.Science

【答案】(1)c

(2)B

(3)C

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了

三位科学家，他们发现了细胞如何感知并适应氧气变化的含量。这是一项具有开创性的发

现，为抗击贫血、癌症和许多其他疾病的新策略铺平了道路。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”...fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadaptto

oxygenavailability."以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应的适应性方面所做的工作。可知

这项研究之所以获得诺贝尔奖，主要是因为它揭示了细胞如何感知和响应氧气水平的变

化。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的"Thediscoveriesrevealthe

cellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercells

managetohijack(攫取)oxygen."这些发现揭示了细胞机制，这些机制控制着对高海拔环境的

适应，以及癌细胞是如何攫取氧气的。可知癌细胞设法攫取氧气并需要氧气来发育。故选

B,

(3)考查词义猜测。根据Whyistheworkimportant?部分中的"itwouldbesomething

studentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation”它将是学生在最基础

的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西，可知RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现，是"

教科书式的发现"。故可知划线单词意思为"典型的"，故选C。

(4)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizein

physiologyormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.

RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygen

availability.1《纽约时报》10月7日报道)2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科

学家---WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza,以表彰他们在细胞感知

和适应氧气供应方面所做的工作。)以及文章的主要内容围绕他们的发现，可知你可以在

《纽约时报》的科学版上找到这篇文章。故选D«

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报

道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选

出正确答案。

5.阅读理解

Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsled

bytheuniversitiesofBristol（UK）andLyon（France）havediscoveredthatthefirsthumans

significantlybreastfedtheirinfants（婴JL）forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.

Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepractice

ofweaning（断奶）thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.

Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossil

relatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredthe

proportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes（同位素）inthetoothenamel（牙釉质），whicharea

functionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring（后代）was

breastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayed

aroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage（血统），suchasthebrain

development.

Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsago

andwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecus

africanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonths

oflife.

Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructures

ofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.

Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationof

breastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling-differs

amongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreat

apes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.

Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionof

themembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocial

groups,braindevelopment.

However;gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyears

oldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossil

species.

Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalciumstablesisotopescompositionsin

thefossilrecordinordertounderstandtheco-evolutionofweaningpracticeswithothertraits

suchasbrainsizeorsocialbehaviors."

/first-human-ancestors-breastfed-for-longer-than-

contemporary-relatives/

https:〃/releases/2O19Q夕190829115427.htm

（1）Whatdoweknowthefindingsoftheteam?

A.IttakestheleadinfocusingonPracticeweaning.

B.Ithasdisclosedthelinkbetweentheweaningpracticeandothertraits.

C.Itisevidentthatnursingpracticeisassociatedwithbehavioralchanges.

D.It'scontemporaryhumansthatspendmoretimebreastfeedingtheirinfants.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"suchbehavioraldifferences"inParagraph7most

probablyreferto?

A.Differencesinthecalciumisotopeintheteeth.

B.Differencesinthesocialstructureofgroups.

C.Differencesinthepracticeofweaning.

D.Differencesinthechangeofbehaviors.

(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theevolutionofhumanlineage.

B.Thepossibleinfluenceofnursingbehaviors.

C.Theexplorationofcompositionsinthefossil.

D.Thefunctionofmothermilkattheageofinfants.

【答案】(1)A

(2)C

(3)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究，科学家们发现第一批

用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在

人类进化中扮演了重要角色，比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,

provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂

志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。

(2)考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的"Thepracticeofweaning-thedurationof

breastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling-differs

amongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreat

apes:orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos."可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同，

而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有

差异的，而画线部分的such就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。

(3)考查主旨大意。根据第七段中的"Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferences...in

theevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeand

structureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.”可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成

员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有关。所以短文

主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6.阅读理解

FallingwaterisahousebuiltoverawaterfallinSouthwesternPennsylvania.FrankLloydWright,

America'smostfamousarchitect,designedthehousein1935.Itinstantlybecamefamous,and

todayitisaNationalHistoricLandmark.

In-DepthTour

ThetourisbestifyoudesireagreaterunderstandingofwhatWrightwasseekingtocreate

withhismasterwork.Thenumberofvisitorsoneachtourislimitedandphotographyispermitted

forpersonaluseonly.Childrennineyearsandoldermaybeaccompaniedbyadultsonthistour.

$65,00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)

Dailyfrom10:00a.m.to4:00p.m.

GuidedHouseTour

Thistourfeaturesallthemajorroomsofthehouseandlastsaboutonehour.Photographyis

notpermittedduringthistour.TheGuidedHouseTourallowschildrensix-year-oldandolderto

enjoythehousewiththeirparents.

Adults—$20,00withadvancepurchase

—$23.00whenpurchasedonsite

Youth(aged6-12)—$14.00withadvancepurchase

—$17.00whenpurchasedonsite

Brunch(早午餐)Tour

Theguestsjointheirguideforbrunchbeforetheyleave.Childrennineyearsandoldermaybe

accompaniedbyadultsonthistour.Pleaseallowthreehoursintotalforthisexperience.

$115.00perperson(Availablebyadvanceticketpurchaseonly)

MaythroughSeptember-Saturdays&Sundaysat9:00a.m.

(1)WhatcanweknowaboutIn-DepthTour?

A.Theticketisavailableonsite.B.Itisnotavailableat9:30a.m.

C.Visitorsareforbiddentotakephotos.D.Thenumberofvisitorsisnotlimited.

(2)Howmuchwillacouplewithagirlaged8payiftheybuytheGuidedHouseTourticketsin

advance?

A.$34B.$63.C.$40,D.$54.

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一栋建在宾夕法尼亚州西南部瀑布上的房子

一一流水别墅。

(1)考查细节理解o根据In-DepthTour部分中的"Dailyfrom10:00a.m.to4:00p.m.”可知,

In-DepthTour在每日上午十时至下午四时之间开放。由此可知，早上9:30是不开放的。故

选Bo

(2)考查细节理解。根据GuidedHouseTour部分中的"Adults—$20.00withadvance

purchase“成人-$20.00,预购；以及"Youth(aged6-12)—$14.00withadvancepurchaseM6-12

岁的青少年-$14.00,预购，可知，一对夫妇带着一个8岁的女孩买导游房的门票需要花费

$20.00*2+$14.00=$54.00o故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要主准确捕捉细

节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7.阅读理解

Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeignto

her.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavinga

heartattack.

Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.She

exercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifound

thathercholesterol（月旦固酹）levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-lowering

statin（他7丁）medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshe

hadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.

Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformation

mightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendto

spreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.

Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthrough

the"noceboeffect（反安慰齐U效应）Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention（干预）

simplybecausetheybelievetheywill-that'stheplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）.Thenoceboeffect

istheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisis

verytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeeling

muscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,

almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.

Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?Asalways,vaccines（疫苗）.Falseconcernsthatthe

vaccinemaycauseside