2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版2选择性必修第一册Unit 1　People of Achievement

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版2选择性必修第一册Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．physiologyn．生理学；生理机能2．artemisininn．[药]青蒿素3．malarian．疟疾4．extractn．提取物；摘录vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出5．wormwoodn．蒿；洋艾6．substancen．物质；物品；事实根据7．penicillinn．青霉素8．chartn．图表vt.记录；制订计划9．flowchart流程图10．numerousadj.众多的；许多的11．theoryn．理论；学说12．relativityn．相对论；相对性13．formulan．公式；方程式；配方14．patentn．专利；专利证书；获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的15．doctoraten．博士学位16．photoelectricadj.光电的17．institutionn．社会公共机构；制度；习俗18．instituten．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑19．moustachen．上唇的胡子；髭20．peculiarityn．个性；特点；怪异的性质21．devicen．方法；技巧；装置；仪器Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的2．vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3．objectiven．目标；目的adj.客观的4．propertyn．性质；特征；财产5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n．沸腾；沸点6．liquidn．液体adj.液体的；液态的7．obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行8．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢9．defeatn．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜10．apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然11．insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求12．mostlyadv.主要地；一般地13．fleevi.&vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑14．circumstancen．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况15．flown．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动16．infervt.推断；推定17．geniusn．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋18．extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的19．graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地20．encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅；遭遇21．mournvt.&vi.哀悼；忧伤22．remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的23．sumvi.总结；概括n．金额；款项；总数；总和24．draftn．草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．commitvt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitmentn．投入；奉献；承诺2．academyn．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的3．botanicaladj.植物学的→botanyn．植物学4．evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn．评价；评估5．distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctionn．区别；差别6．analyse(NAmE-ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses)n．分析7．scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家8．conclusionn．结论；推论→concludevt.断定；推断出9．novelistn．小说家→noveln．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；珍奇的10．foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundationn．创建；基金会→foundern．创建者；创始人11．politiciann．政治家；从政者；政客→politicsn．政治(学)→politicaladj.政治的12．gentleadj.温柔的；文静的→gentlyadv.温柔地；温和地13．passionn．酷爱；激情→passionateadj.有激情的14．consequencen．结果；后果→consequentadj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequentlyadv.结果；因此；所以15．professorn．教授→professionn．职业，行业→professionaladj.职业的；专业的n．专业人士1．sacrifice/'sækrIfaIs/n．&vt.牺牲；献出2．shatter/'ʃætə(r)/vi.&vt.(使)破碎；(使)碎裂3．detour/'diːtʊə(r)/n．绕行的路；兜圈子vi.&vt.(使)绕道；(使)绕行4．pause/pɔːz/vi.暂停；停顿vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像n．停顿；停顿的时间5．sway/sweI/vi.&vt.(使)摇摆；(使)摇动n．摇摆；摆动6．spray/spreI/vt.&vi.向……扫射(或抛洒)；喷洒n．浪花；水花；飞沫7．crawl/krɔːl/vi.爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢行进8．tearup(猛地)拔起；撕毁或撕碎(文件等)9．hop/hɒp/vi.快速行走；单脚跳行10．vacant/'veIkənt/adj.空着的；未被占用的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．commitoneselfto(sth/doingsth/dosth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insiston坚决要求3．wearandtear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗4．cometopower(开始)掌权；上台5．takeupaposition担任；任职6．sumup总结；概括7．leadto导致8．graduatefrom毕业于……9．withtheobjectiveof目的是……10．managetodosth设法做成某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives，andhasledtoimprovedhealthformillionsofpeople.(过去分词作前置定语)青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。2．Afterfailingmorethan190times，theteamfinallysucceededin1971.(介词＋doing)经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。3．UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”(upondoing...)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”4．ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.(it作形式主语)中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。5．Whileworkingthere，outofastrongpassionforknowledge，hecontinuedtostudy，earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.(状语从句的省略)工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。MadamCurieBeinganextraordinaryandgentlewomangenius，MadamCuriemanaged1.________________(discover)twokindsofradioactiveelements，whichwerevitalandcrucialtophysics.Itwas2.____________(wide)acknowledgedthatshewasborninPolandin1867.Distinctfromothergirls，shehadastrongpassionforscienceand3.____________(commit)herwholelifetoscientificresearch.After4.____________(graduate)fromhighschool，shetookup5.____________positionasatutor.In1891，shewasadmittedintotheAcademyofParis,6.____________sheachievedgreatacademicperformancesandasaconsequence，shebecamethefirstwomanprofessor.Underunbearablecircumstances，sheandherhusbandsparednoefforttoanalyzeandevaluatepitchblende(沥青铀矿)7.________theobjectiveofextractingradioactivesubstancesandstudyingtheirproperties.Apparently，theyencounterednumerous8.____________(fail)，butundernocircumstancesdidthecoupleacknowledgedefeatandtheyinsistedontheirambition.Usingflowchartsandsummingupwhattheyhadstudied，thecouplegraduallydrewa9.____________(conclude)thatPoandRadidexist，whichwassoonspreadthroughouttheworld.In1934，MadamCuriepassedawayandthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofa10.____________(remark)scientist.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇commitvt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitmentn．投入；奉献；承诺)•commitoneselfto(sth/doingsth/dosth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)commitsthto(doing)sth将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上•becommittedto(doing)sth/commitoneselfto(doing)sth致力于(做)某事•makeacommitment作出承诺(1)Withtheobjectiveofbeingadmittedtoherdreamacademy，sheis____________toworkinghardeverydayandIfirmlybelievethather____________willpayoffoneday.(commit)(2)Hewassoselflessthathecommittedhimselfto______(do)voluntaryworktohelppeopleinneedallthetime.(3)我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这一定会对你的英语口语有益。Istronglysuggestedthat________________________________________________，whichwillbeundoubtedlybeneficialtoyouroralEnglish.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢(acknowledgementn．承认；感谢；收件复函)acknowledgesb/sthas/tobe...认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承认做了某事acknowledgethat...承认……Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公认的。(1)Tomacknowledged____________________________________(defeat)intheEnglishspeechcompetition，whichmadeusquitedepressed.(2)Tomydisappointment，Ihaven’treceivedany________________________(acknowledge)orreplytomyapplication.(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信)____________________________________，withoutwhomIcouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.(4)孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023•全国甲，书面表达)①Confucius________________________oneofthegreatestancienteducatorsinChina.②________________________________ConfuciusisoneofthegreatestancienteducatorsinChina.insistvt.&vi.坚持；坚决要求•insiston(doing)sth坚决要求/坚持(做)某事•insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择相应的时态。(1)Asaconsequenceofsomesolidevidence，thepoliceofficerinsistedthatthelady____________________(disobey)thetrafficrules.(2)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西，你才能够尽快掌握汉语。①YoucanmasterChineseasquicklyaspossibleonlywhenyou______________________.(insiston)②________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(3)老师坚决要求我们充分利用每一分钟为高考做好准备。Theteacherinsiststhat________________________________________________togetwellpreparedforthecollegeentranceexamination.conclusionn．结论；推论(concludevt.断定；推断出)•inconclusion最后；总之cometo/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出结论•conclude...withsth/bydoingsth以……结束toconclude总之concludefrom...从……中得出结论(1)Thefamousnovelistconcludedhisspeech____________adistinguishedsaying“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”(2)总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。(2023·全国甲，书面表达)____________，ConfuciuswasaremarkablehistoricalfigurewhoseteachingshavehadaprofoundimpactonChinesecultureandsociety.(3)我根据自己的经验得出的结论：不劳则无获。I________________________________________________thatnopain，nogain.circumstancen．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况under/innocircumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然如此ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情况允许的话(1)这可能不是最好的设备，但它是我们在这种情况下能采用的最好的一种。Itmightnotbethebestdevice，butitwasthebestonewecanadopt________________________.(2)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。_______________________________theobjectiveoffoundingacompany.________________，Iwilltakeimmediateactiontoaccomplishmydream.consequencen．结果，后果(consequentadj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequentlyadv.因此)asaconsequence＝inconsequence＝consequently＝asaresult因此as/inaconsequenceof＝asaresultof因为……；由于……taketheconsequences承担后果(1)HefinallyobtainedhisdoctorateinSocialPsychology____________aconsequenceofgeniusaswellasthenoveltheoryhehasputforward.(2)既然你已经是成年人了，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。Nowthatyouhavegrownup，________________________________________________.(3)他几个星期来一直在努力学习，因此，他在期末考试中取得了很大的进步。Hehasbeencommittedtohisstudyforweeksand____________________________________，hemakesgreatprogressinthefinalexamination.upondoing...UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”•upon/ondoing(that)...“一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。•“一……就……”的其他表达方式：assoonas，themoment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly，nosooner...than...，hardly...when...等。(1)Hardlyhadheheardtheconclusion____________heboiledwithanger.→____________________________________heboiledwithanger.(nosooner...than...)(2)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即忙着通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)__________________________________________，Johnwasimmediatelycommittedtohelpinghimbymakingpopcorn.(Upon/Ondoing...)(3)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)________________________________________________________________________，Isighedinrelief.it作形式主语ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。it作形式主语的常用句式：•Itbe＋anhonour＋forsbtodosth/Itbeone’shonour＋todosth•Itbe＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句•Itbe＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句•Itbe＋名词短语(apity，ashame，afact，agoodidea，nowonder...)＋that从句•It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句(1)我很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)________________________________________________________________________sharewithyoumyopinionsonBeijingOpera.(2)Apparently，weshouldspendsometimeconsideringwhichlearningmethodsuitsusmost.(2022·全国乙，书面表达)→________________________weshouldspendsometimeconsideringwhichlearningmethodsuitsusmost.(it作形式主语)(3)听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。了解中国的餐桌礼仪是有必要的。(话题写作之传统文化)I’mmorethandelightedtolearnthatyouaregoingtovisitaChinesefamily.____________________________________________________(Itis＋adj.＋that...)(4)我们都知道良好的开端是成功的一半。欢迎你尽快加入我们。________________________________________________Welcomeyourparticipatinginusassoonaspossible.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．acknowledgeeq\x(A.承认B.告知收到C.公开感谢)(1)Iacknowledgemymother，whoalwayssupportsmewhateverhappens.________(2)Heacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong.________(3)Allapplicationswillbeacknowledgedbyemails.________2．flowA.n.流动量B.n.流畅C.n.供应D.vi.液体流动E.vi.大量人或物流动F.vi.飘拂(1)Thereisnodenyingthatthegovernmentencouragestheflowofgoodsandservicestoremoteareas.________(2)Largenumbersofvillagerscontinuetoflowintobigcitiestosearchforjobs.________(3)We’renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers.(2021·北京)________(4)Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)________(5)Secondslater，ourlizardemergedfromitstankwithitsoldskinflowingbehindit.(2021·天津3月)________(6)Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)________3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)TuYouyoudiscoveredanovelmethodtoextracttheusefulsubstance.____________(2)In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria.____________(3)“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage，butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand，”MrTittermansaid.“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”(2021·新课标Ⅰ)____________Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．____________(commit)toscientificresearchtoagreatextent，hecouldn’tspareanytimetogoonholiday.2．____________(apparent)，wecan’tjudgepeoplefromexternalappearances.3．Asagenius，notonlydoesheperformwell________________(academic)butalsoartistically.4．Jackwasn’tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe____________(do)someoddthings.5．Tosum____________，wecantackletheprobleminthisscientificmanner.6．Fromtheproofwehavegathered，wecanindeeddrawa____________(conclude)thathehasbrokenthelaw.7．InsistingthatTom____________(steal)hercar，theoldtailorinsistedthathe____________(send)toprison.8．Theprofessorconductedaseriesof____________(science)experimentsandmaderemarkablediscoveries.9．Wetriedtofindatableforseven，butasamatteroffact，theywerealltaken____________.10．____________nocircumstanceswillmymotherpermitmetogooutaloneatnight.2020·全国Ⅰ改编你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。完成句子1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(becommittedto；定语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．在任何情况下，他都不会向困难屈服，也不会放弃他的病人。(circumstance)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．自从他就职以来，他一直全心全意为病人服务。(takeupaposition)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．一听说患者急需帮助，他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。(Upon/Ondoing...)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教材语料整合亮词[动作描写]commitoneselfto；obtain；acknowledge；defeat；insiston；cometopower；encounter；mourn[人物描写]committed；academic；genius；gentle；passion→passionate；extraordinary；moustache；peculiarity；remarkable美句1.TuYouyou，acommittedandpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930，andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.(人物描写)2.ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.(主旨升华)3.Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius；hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.(人物描写)4.Tothepublic，hewasseenasaslightlyodd-lookingbutkindandfunnyman.(人物描写)5.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.(比喻)拓展语料积累外貌细节描写：身材、皮肤单词skinnyadj.皮包骨的；slimadj.苗条的；stoutadj.肥胖的；overweightadj.超重的，过度肥胖的；wellbuiltadj.身强力壮的，体格健美的；middle-sizedadj.中等身材的；wrinkledadj.有皱纹的；freckledadj.有雀斑的；ruddyadj.红润的；darkadj.黝黑的；fairadj.白皙的；sunburnedadj.晒得黝黑而好看的词块askinny/slimfigure瘦削/苗条的身材；ahandsome/strikingfigure仪表堂堂；awellbuiltperson身材魁梧的人；amanwithabigbelly大腹便便的人；apersonwithanaveragebuild中等身材的人；aladywalkingingrace走路优雅的女士；ofmedium/averageheight中等身高；sun-kissedskin晒黑的皮肤；weather-beatenface饱经风霜的脸句型1.Beforeuswasagentleoldladywhosewrinkledfaceformedaportraitofbeauty.站在我们面前的是一位温文尔雅的老太太，她那布满皱纹的脸却无比的美丽。2.Thereisstillaheartoflovingbeautyunderherwrinkledface.在她布满皱纹的脸庞下仍有一颗爱美的心。3.Shesatthere，speechlessandnumbwithshock.Sherememberedhermother’sfamiliarfaceandweather-beatenhands.她坐在那里，说不出话来，吓得麻木了。她想起母亲那张熟悉的面孔和她饱经风霜的双手。4.Sheretainsherslimfigureandisfreeofwrinkles.她保持着苗条的身材，脸上也没有皱纹。5.Hewasofaverageheightandaveragebuild，withmousyhairandaforgettableface.他中等身高，中等身材，留着灰褐色头发，长着一张过目即忘的脸。6.Afigureinabluedressappearedinthedoorway.一个穿着蓝色连衣裙的身影出现在门口。7.Jennyisprettyandofslimbuild，withblueeyes.珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，有一双蓝色的眼睛。语料运用杰出人物Indeed，①____________________________________________________________arejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers，forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.He②____________________________________.Healways③________________________andwouldn’t④___________________________________________.⑤__________________(分词作状语)inagriculture，YuanLongpingpassedawayinChangshaonMay22,2021.Itwasdrizzlingasif⑥_____________________________________________________(虚拟条件句)．Overcomewithsorrow，manyChinesepeoplecriedtheirheartsout，tearsflowingdowncheeksuncontrollably.事实上，他被晒黑的脸、手臂以及他瘦长而结实的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，在过去的50年里，他一直在为他们奋斗。他毕生致力于研究水稻。他总是坚持自己的梦想，无论遇到什么困难都不会认输。袁隆平被公认为农业界最伟大的科学家之一，于2021年5月22日在长沙去世。细雨蒙蒙，仿佛在哀悼失去了这位温和非凡的科学家。许多中国人悲痛欲绝，眼泪情不自禁地顺着脸颊往下流。Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．knobn．旋钮；球形把手2．appliancen．电器；器具3．remotecontrol遥控器；遥控4．airconditioner空调机；空调设备5．integratedadj.各部分密切协调的；综合的6．integratevi.&vt.(使)合并；成为一体7．sensorn．传感器；敏感元件8．moden．模式；方式；风格9．cancern．癌；癌症；毒瘤10．electricaladj.电的；用电的11．wiringn．电线线路；线路系统12．wiren．电线；金属丝(或线)vt.接通电源；将……连接到13．innovationn．创新；创造14．nanobotn．纳米机器人15．clonevt.克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制n．克隆动物(或植物)16．ceasevi.&vt.(使)停止；终止17．deceasedadj.已死的；亡故的18．ruraladj.乡村的；农村的19．signpostn．路标Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．phrasen．短语；词组2．switchvt.转换；交换vi.&vt.(使)改变；转变n．开关；转换器；改变3．remoteadj.远程的；偏远的4．routinen．常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的5．dailyroutine日常生活6．instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的7．commandn．指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制8．constantadj.不断的；重复的；不变的n．常数；常量9．leakvi.&vt.漏；渗漏；透露n．漏洞；裂缝；透露10．availableadj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的11．neverthelessadv.尽管如此；不过；然而12．structuren．结构；体系vt.系统安排；精心组织13．artificialadj.人工的；人造的；假的14．artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能15．forecastvt.&n．预测；预报16．henceadv.因此；由此17．advocatevt.提倡；支持；拥护n．提倡者；支持者；拥护者18．careern．职业；事业19．prospectn．可能性；前景20．paragraphn．段；段落21．essayn．文章Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．persuadevt.劝说；说服→persuasiveadj.有说服力的→persuasionn．说服；劝说2．distantadj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distancen．距离3．secureadj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护→securityn．安全工作；保护措施4．automaticadj.自动的→automaticallyadv.自动地5．efficientadj.效率高的；有功效的→efficientlyadv.有效地→efficiencyn．效率；效能6．preferencen．爱好；偏爱→prefervt.更喜欢；宁愿7．obeyvi.&vt.服从；遵守→disobeyvi.&vt.不服从；违反8．warningn．警告；警示；先兆→warnvt.警告9．abnormaladj.不正常的；反常的→normaladj.正常的10．criticaladj.严重的；关键的；批判性的→criticn．评论家→criticizevt.批评；评论→criticallyadv.批判性地11．potentialadj.可能的；潜在的n．潜力；可能性→potentiallyadv.潜在地；可能地12．detectvt.发现；查明→detectiven．侦探13．relevantadj.有关的；有意义的→irrelevantadj.不相关的→relevantlyadv.相关地；贴切地14．fantasyn．幻想；想象→fantasticadj.极好的15．crimen．犯罪活动；不法行为→criminaln．罪犯；犯人adj.刑事的；犯罪的16．combinevt.&vi.(使)结合；混合→combinationn．结合；联合17．predictvt.预测；预言；预料→predictionn．预测；预言18．occupationn．职业；占领→occupyvt.占据；占用；使忙于(做某事)→occupiedadj.被占领的；使用中；忙于19．opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠→opposedadj.反对的→oppositeadj.对面的；相反的→oppositionn．反对20．absencen．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absentadj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的21．emphasisn．强调；重视；重要性→emphasizevt.强调22．luxuryn．奢华→luxuriousadj.奢侈的23．resistvi.&vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡→resistancen．抵制；反对；抗拒→resistantadj.反抗的；抵制的24．accurateadj.精确的；准确的→accuratelyadv.精确地；准确地→accuracyn．精确性25．librariann．图书管理员；图书馆馆长→libraryn．图书馆1．yell/jel/vi.&vt.叫喊；大喊n．喊叫；叫嚷2．inchallengeto质询；质疑3．casually/'kæʒuəli/adv.漫不经心地；随随便便地→casual/'kæʒuəl/adj.不经意的；漫不经心的4．slipaway溜走；消失；消亡5．foster/'fɒstə(r)/vt.促进；助长；培养6．indifference/In'dIfrəns/n．漠不关心；冷淡；不感兴趣；无动于衷7．coordinate/kəʊ'ɔːdIneIt/vt.使协调；使相配合8．tragically/'trædʒIkli/adv.悲惨地；可悲地→tragical/'trædʒIkl/adj.悲剧的；可悲的9．horror/'hɒrə(r)/n．震惊；恐惧10．accomplishment/ə'kʌmplIʃmənt/n．成就；成绩→accomplish/ə'kʌmplIʃ/vt.完成Ⅳ.背核心短语1．switchoff/on关/开(电灯、机器等)2．earlyon在初期；早先3．catchfire着火4．inthissense(in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲5．keepintouch(with...)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)6．thinkabout考虑7．bereadyfor...为……做好准备8．respondto对……作出反应9．inaddition另外Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Thesesmarthomeswillkeepussecure，saveusenergy，andprovideamorecomfortableenvironmenttolivein.(keep＋宾语＋宾补)这样的智能家居将保障我们的安全，节省我们的能源，为我们提供一个更为舒适的居住环境。2．Nevertheless，itwilltakesomeyearsbeforemostnewhomesbegintousethisnewtechnology.(Itwilltake＋时间段＋before...)然而，要让大多数新住宅开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。3．Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury，andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.(将来进行时)自十八世纪以来，他们基本上过着农夫的生活，而且在遥远的将来，他们的生活方式可能依然如此。4．ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge，pollutedcities.(since引导原因状语从句)甚至有人认为，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更高，因为他们生活在自然的环境中，怡然自得，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。5．Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier，asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.(as引导原因状语从句)它(互联网)还使人们在生活中更加容易找到机会，因为它让人们能够通过社交媒体建立更大的朋友圈。TheinstantIlearnedthatwewouldstudythroughremoteeducationforhalfofayear，IstronglyresistedtheideainsidebecauseIhada1.____________(prefer)forlearningatschool.Personally，undernocircumstancescouldIhaveagoodcommandofrelevantsubjectswithoutteachers’face-to-faceinstructionavailable.Hence，atthattimeI2.____________(sincere)hopedthattheabnormaltimewouldceaseassoonaspossible.Nevertheless，Ipersuadedmyself3.____________obeyingmyschool’scriticalrules，withmyroutinestudy4.____________(integrate)withtheonlinelearningmode.Myheadteacherconstantlyremindedus5.____________(switch)onourelectronicappliancesinadvance.Headvocatedthatweshouldavoidsomepotentialonlinedangers，notleakourownprivateinformationandpayattentiontoonlinesecurity.Hestronglyopposedus6.____________(play)computergames.Earlyon，Icouldconcentrateon7.____________theteachershadlaidemphasisoninonlineclassesandtakeaccuratenotessothatIcouldstudyinanefficientway.OurEnglishteachertoldushowtomemorize8.____________(phrase)andorganizewonderfulparagraphsinanessay.Heconstantlykeptintouchwithusduringonlinelearning，whichalsoservesasawarningandareminder.Butsometimes，intheabsenceofteachers，therewas9.____________distantlookinmyeyes，andmythoughtswouldwanderelsewhere.HowIwishthislearningmodewould10.________________________(cancel)soon!提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇persuadevt.劝说；说服(persuasiveadj.有说服力的persuasionn．说服；劝说)persuadesbtodosth＝persuadesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事persuadesbnottodosth＝persuadesboutofdoingsth说服某人不做某事trytopersuadesbtodosth＝advisesbtodosth试图说服某人做某事(未必成功)(1)Thelibrarian’s____________wasso____________thatIwas____________intoadvocatinghisinnovation.(persuade)(2)我成功说服大卫不要放弃越野赛之后，欣慰地笑了。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Successfully________________________thecross-countryrace，Ismiledwithrelief.(3)我非常紧张，犹豫不决地敲了敲老人的门，试图说服他买我的报纸。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)Havingbutterfliesinmyheart，Ihesitantlyknockedontheoldman’sdoorand________________________________________________.commandvt.命令；控制n．指令；命令；掌握；控制•commandsbtodosth命令某人做某事commandthat...(should)do...命令……•atone’scommand听某人支配takecommandof控制；指挥haveagoodcommandof/haveagoodknowledgeof/master...掌握……；精通……(1)I’m____________yourcommandandhence，Iwillobeyyourorders.(2)Myteachercommandedme____________(hand)inmyessayinstantly.→MyteachercommandedthatI________________(hand)inmyessayinstantly.(3)我写信申请成为您的助教，因为我不仅精通英语，而且善于和其他人交流。(应用文写作之申请信)Iamwritingtoapplytobeyourteachingassistant，becausenotonly________________________________________________butalsoIamgoodatcommunicatingwithothers.combinevt.&vi.(使)结合；混合(combinationn．结合；联合；组合)•combinesthwith/andsth把……与……结合becombinedwith与……结合/联合•incombinationwith与……联合(1)ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisine____________(combine)withmoderncookingmethods.(2023·全国甲)(2)只有把经常锻炼和健康饮食结合起来，我们才能真正保持健康。________________________________________________canwereallykeepfit.(3)美丽的风景，再加上宜人的天气和美味的食物，使我们的青岛之旅愉快而难忘。Thebeautifulscenery，____________________________________________lovelyweatheranddeliciousfood，madeourvisittoQingdaopleasantandunforgettable.opposevt.反对；抵制；阻挠(opposedadj.反对的；对立的oppositeadj.对面的；相反的oppositionn．反对)•oppose(doing)sth反对(做)某事opposesb/sb’sdoingsth反对某人做某事•beopposedto(doing)sth反对(做)某事(1)Regardlessofmyfather’s________________(oppose)，Istillpurchasedmanyluxuries.(2)对于即将到来的口语练习课的分组，大多数学生反对随机分组。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)Asforthegroupingfortheupcomingoralpracticesessions，amajorityofstudents____________________________________________________________.absencen．缺席；不在(某处)；[U]缺乏；不存在(absentadj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的；健忘的)•intheabsenceofsb＝inone’sabsence某人不在时intheabsenceofsth缺乏……；没有……absenceofmind心不在焉•beabsentfrom不参加；缺席(1)____________theabsenceofteachers’instruction，Idon’tknowhowtocombinewhatI’velearntwithpractice.(2)我写信向你道歉，因为上周末我没能参加你的生日派对。(应用文写作之道歉信)________________________________________________________________________yourbirthdaypartylastweekend.(3)这就是我的妈妈，她有时会健忘，然而总是充满爱心。(读后续写之升华句)Suchismymother，who________________________________________________________，yetalwaysloving.inthissense(in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲makesenseof弄懂……的意思；理解makesense有道理；有意义；讲得通makenosense没道理；没意义inasense从某种意义上说innosense决不(置于句首时要用部分倒装结构)commonsense常识asenseofbelonging/humour/direction/duty归属感/幽默感/方向感/责任感There’sno/littlesense(in)doingsth.做某事没道理/没意义。(1)即使这些文章有道理，对小孩子来说也很难理解。Eveniftheseessays______________，theyarereallydifficultforyoungchildrento______________.(2)他太固执了，试图说服他接受我们的想法是毫无意义的。Sostubbornishethat____________________________________________________________.(3)Weshouldinnosenseceasepursuingourdreamsevenifwefacemanydifficulties.→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(用倒装句改写)(4)从某种意义上说，海洋像我们亲爱的母亲，因此，我倡议我们应该增强我们的责任感，保护我们的海洋免受伤害。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)________________，oceansarelikeourbelovedmother，soIadvocatethatweshould____________________________________topreserveouroceansfrombeinghurt.keepintouch(with)(与……)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)•stayintouch(with)(与……)保持联系beintouch(with)(与……)有联系beoutoftouch(with)(与……)失去联系以上三个短语表状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。•getintouch(with)(与……)取得联系losetouch(with)(与……)失去联系以上两个短语表示动作，