职称英语理工类b级模拟40

职称英语理工类B级模拟40

第1部分：词汇选项

1、LocatedinWashington,D.C.ztheLibraryofCongresscontainsanimposing

arrayofbooksoneveryconceivablesubject.

A.historyB.catalogC.shelfD.collection

2、WhileservingintheSenateintheearly1970sBarbaraJordansupported

legislationtobandiscriminationandtodealwithenvironmentproblems.

A.listB.forbidC.handleD.

investigate

3、JapanmadeaproposaltoKoreaforincreasingtradebetweentwocountries.

A.preparationB.exceptionC.suggestionD.companion

4、Jackconsumesapoundofcheeseaday.

A.eatsB.drinksC.buysD.produces

5、Shefeltfrustratedwhennobodyunderstoodwhatshewastryingtosay.

A.boringB.upset

C.angryD.dull

6、Theschooldiningroomservesasameetingplaceforteachersandstudents.

A.usesB.utilizes

C.functionsD.exerts

7、Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

A.shakenB.fallenC.damagedD.

trembled

8、Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.

A.supposedB.excited

C.SuggestedD.discussed

9、Theworkersinthatfactorymanufacturefurniture.

A.promoteB.paint

C.produceD.polish

10>Thereisenoughspaceformetoputmynewfurnitureintheroom

A.placeB.windowC.roomD.area

11>Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.

A.ClearlyB.Almost

C.AbsolutelyD.Basically

12>Thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.

A.forbidB.advocateC.inheritD.withdraw

13、Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.

A.secretsB.details

C.benefitsD.words

14、Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatal

C.tinyD.enormous

15、MsHawkinshandlesthecompany*saccounts.

A.dealswithB.dealsinC.holdsonD.holds

out

第2部分：阅读判断

TokyoisWorld1sPriciestCity

TheweakAmericandollarandstrongEuropeanandAsiancurrencieshelped

makeTokyoandLondonthemostexpensivecitiesintheworld,accordingto

arecentsurvey.Americancitieswereabsentfromthetop10,withthemost

expensiveU.S.city,NewYork,droppingtwospotsfromlastyearto12in

thesurveyof144urbanareasconductedbyMercerHumanResourceConsulting.

Moscowrankedinthirdplace,withOsaka,andHongKongroundingoutthetop

fivemostexpensivecities.

Thesurvey,drawnuptwiceayear,rankscostoflivingforforeignworkers,

notlocalresidents,andisusedprimarilybymultinationalcompaniesto

determinepayforexpatriateemployees."Theeuroappreciated（升值）morethan

11percentinthelastsixmonths.HsaidMarie-LaurenceSepede,senior

researcheratMercer."SothatmadeEuropeancitiesgoupandU.S.cities

drop."SepedenotedthatwhileU.S.citiesgotcheaperinrelationtothose

inEuropeandAsia,therankingsamong：Americancitiesremainedsimilarto

previousyears,withLosAngeles,ChicagoandSanFranciscoallplacinghigh

onthelist.AlsonotablewastheclimbofAustralianandNewZealandcities

1

upthelistzashiftcausedbythosenationsstrongcurrencies.Sydneymoved

from67lastyearto20thisyear,andAuckland,NewZealandclimbed35places

to80.Therestofthetop20remainedfairlyconstant,althoughPariszVienna,

AustriaandIstanbulzTurkeymadetheirfirstappearancessohighinthe

rankings.

Thesurveytookintoconsideration250criteria,includingthecostof

utilities,foodandentertainment.Whilethesurveylookedatarangeofliving

standardszSepedesaidthestudywasmostrepresentativeoftheexpensesof

peopleworkingforbiginternationalcorporationsandmaintainingfairlyhigh

standardsofliving.Mercersaidthecontinuedappreciationoftheeuroagainst

theU.S.dollarcouldeventuallyforcecompaniestomoveemployeesand

reorganize."Mainly,thedepreciation（贬值）ofthedollarmakesitcheaper

tosendemployeestoAmericancities,11saidJackieBarber,aspokeswomanfor

thesurvey.

16>NewYorkisoneofthetoptenmostexpensivecitiesintheworldlast

year.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Accordingtoarecentsurvey,twoofthetopfivemostexpensivecities

arefromAsia.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>Thesurveyisausefulreferenceformultinationalcompanies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>ThewarinIraqmademanyAmericancitiesdropinranking.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、BecauseoftheOlympicGames,Sydneymovedupquickly.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Thissurveyrepresentsthelifeoflocalpeople.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Comparedwithothercities,companiesmayprefertosendemployeesto

Tokyo.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

ChineseDialects（方言）

TheenormousdifferencesinChinesedialectshavebeenacontinuingproblem

eversinceChinabecameanempirein221B.C.,anditisonebigreason

whythecountryhasremainedimpoverished（贫穷）.Ofthe600millionpeople

whocallthemselvesChinese,allbutaverysmallnumberspeakChinese.But

thedialectsvarysowidelythatthespeechofPeking,forexample,isas

differentfromthespeechofCantonasEnglishisfromGerman.

Thereistobesure,onlyonewrittenlanguageforallChina,butitbears

nophonetic（语音的）relationshiptoanyofthespokendialects.Moreover,it

hassomanysymbolsthatonlyatinyportionofthepopulationhasevermastered

it.

Asaresult,mostChinesehavebeenisolatedforcenturiesfromafree

flowofideasandfromtheeconomicprogressthatsuchaflowproduces.Many

dynastiestriedwithlittlesuccesstobreakdownthewall.Afterrecognizing

theimportanceofhavingaliteratepeopleforworkinginatechnological

worldandfordevelopinganeffectivepropaganda（宣传）machine,thepresent

governmentisputtingeverythingintotacklingthelanguageproblem.Butthe

obstaclesaresoformidable（难以应付的）thattheresultscannotyetbepredicted.

Atthehearttheproblemisthedialects.Thedialects*preventedthe

evolutionofasinglewrittenlanguagebasedonphonetics.Instead,theChinese

wereforcedtodevelopasystemthathasnorelationtosound,andtheyhave

clungtoitformorethan3,000years.Whenthissystemisappliedtoawhole

languagezitresultsinanoverwhelmingnumberofsymbols.

Thereareabout50,000entriesinaChinesedictionarynotcountingthe

compounds（复合词）,工nordertobeliterate,aChinesemustlearn6z000；to

bemoderatelyeducated,12,000.AnEnglish-speakingchild,havingtoconquer

onlyatwenty-six-letteralphabet,hasusuallylearnedtoreadbythetime

hebeginsthethirdgrade.AChinesechildneedsatleastfivemoreyears

ofelementarylearning；intheseventhgrade,hecanbarelyreadaChinese

newspaper.

A.DealingwiththeProblemofVariousDialects

B.DifficultiesinLearningChinese

C.FeaturesofChineseDialects

D.DifferencesinChineseDialects

E.DialectsasHeartoftheProblem

F,WaysoftheGovernmenttoTackletheProblem

23、Paragraph1_

24、Paragraph3

25、Paragraph4_

26、Paragraph5

Chimpanzees

1.Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）.Ifthepresentrateof

huntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinueszthenwithin20years,there

willbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmental

ormoraltragedy（悲居U）.Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofound

implications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives--humanbeings.

2.In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscovered

thatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethis

tothemouseusedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly

60%ofitsDNAwithus.

Infactzchimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoany

otherspectesofmonkey.AswellasresemblingUSgenetically,chimpsare

highlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenough

tomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）.Butthereisanother,more

selfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3.Thechimpanzees*trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.

Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（Sl£）oftenrefer

tohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshow

differencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistant

toanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4.Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumans

toHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimals

inAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5.Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewhere

thechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshope

tobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreased

resistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnew

andmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Such

treatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（改

变）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenome

sequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.

A.GeneticDifferencesBetweenChimpsandHumans

B.ReasonsforHIVResistance

C.ImplicationsofChimpanzeeExtinctionforHumans

D.EffectiveAIDSTreatment

E.GeneticSimilaritiesBetweenChimpsandHumans

F.Chimps1ResistancetoHIV

27、Paragraph1

28、Paragraph2

29、Paragraph3

30、Paragraph4

第4部分：阅读理解

—

ArcticMelt

Earth1sNorthandSouthPolesarefamousforbeingcoldandicy.Lastyear,

however,theamountoficeintheArcticOcean（d匕冰洋）felltoarecordlow.

Normally,icebuildsinArcticwatersaroundtheNorthPoleeachwinter

andshrinks（缩小）duringthesummer.Butformanyyears,theamountoficeleft

bytheendofsummerhasbeendeclining.

Since1979,eachdecadehasseenan11.4percentdropinend-of-summer

icecover.Between1981and2000.iceintheArcticlost22percentofits

thickness-becoming1.13metersthinner.

Lastsummer,Arcticseaicereacheditsthinnestlevelsyet.Bytheend

ofsummer2007,theicehadshrunktocoverjust4.2millionsquare

kilometers.That*s38percentlessareathantheaveragecoveratthattime

ofyear.Andit1saverylarge23percentbelowthepreviousrecordlow,

whichwassetjust2yearsago.Thiscontinuingtrendhasmadescientists

concerned.

Theremaybeseveralreasonsfortheicemelt,saysJinlunZhang,an

oceanographer（海洋学家）attheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Unusually

strongwindsblewthroughtheArcticlastsummer.Thewindspushedmuchof

theiceoutofthecentralArctic,leavingalargeareaofthiniceandopen

water.

ScientistsalsosuspectthatfewercloudscovertheArcticnowthanin

thepast.Clearerskiesallowmoresunlighttoreachtheocean.Theextraheat

warmsboththewaterandtheatmosphere.InpartsoftheArcticOceanlast

year,surfacetemperatureswere3.5?Celsiuswarmerthanaverageand1.5℃

warmerthanthepreviousrecordhigh.

Withbothairandwatergettingwarmer,theiceismeltingfrombothabove

andbelow.InsomepartsoftheBeaufortSea,northofAlaskaandwesternCanada,

icethatmeasured3.3metersthickatthebeginningofthesummermeasured

just50cmbyseason*send.

Thenewmeasurementssuggestthatmeltingisfarmoreseverethanscientists

haveseenbyjustlookingaticecoverfromabove.Somescientistsfearthat

theArcticisstuckinawarmingtrendfromwhichitmayneverrecover.

31、Theword''builds,zinparagraph2couldbebestreplacedby

A.establishes.B.expands.C.creates.D.constructs.

32、Bytheendofsummer2007theicecoverintheArcticwas

A.38millionsquarekilometers.B.4.2millionsquarekilometers.

C.1.13millionsquarekilometers.D.11.4millionsquarekilometers.

33、WhatmaybesomeofthereasonsfortheicemeltintheArctic?

A.Unusuallystrongwindsandclearerskies.

B.Heavycloudsandlightwinds.

C.Longersummersandshorterwinters.

D.Thiniceandopenwater.

34、TheBeaufortSeamentionedinparagraph7isanexampletoshow

A.howaccuratethenewmeasurementsare.

B.howthicktheiceisinit.

C.howserioustheproblemoftheicemeltintheArcticis.

D.howdangerousitistotraveltoit.

35、Itcanbelearnedfromthelastsentencethat

A.theicemeltintheArcticmayneverstop.

B.scientistsaretryinghardtostoptheicemeltintheArctic.

C.scientistsaredelightedtofindoutwhatisgoingonintheArctic.

D.thewarmingtrendintheArcticcanbereversedinthenearfuture.

弟一局

StopEatingTooMuch

"Cleanyourplate!nand"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!"Justabout

everykidintheUShasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it1s

accompaniedbyanappeal："Justthinkaboutthosestarvingorphans（孤儿）in

Africa!"Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,

manypeopleintheUStaketoomanybites.Insteadofstaying"cleantheplate",

perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.

Accordingtonewsreports,USrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowing

bellies（肚子）.Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,with

twotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoa

USATodaystory.Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueand

mostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplain

abouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.

BarbaraRollszanutrition（营养）professoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,

toldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrowinthe1970s,the

sametimethattheAmericanwaistline（腰围）begantoexpand.

Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantstoservesmallerportions.

Now,apparently,somecustomersarecallingforthistoo.Therestaurant

industrytrademagazineQSRreportedlastmonththat57percentofmorethan

4,000peoplesurveyedbelievedrestaurantsservedportionsthatweretoolarge；

23percenthadnoopinion；20percentdisagreed.Butacloserlookatthe

surveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswhocan11affordfinediningstillprefer

largeportions.Seventypercentofthoseearningatleast$150z000peryear

prefersmallerportions；butonly45percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000

wantsmaller.

It*snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon11wanttoeathealthy.It1sjust

thatzafterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheirplatehardly

seemslikeagooddeal.Theylivefrompaycheck（薪金支票）topaycheck,happy

tosavealittlemoneyfornextyear*s

Christmaspresents.

36、ParentsintheUnitedStatestendtoasktheirchildren

A.tosavefoodfortomorrow.

B.towashthedishes.

C.nottowastefood.

D.nottoeattoomuch.

37、WhydoAmericanrestaurantsservelargeportions?

A.BecauseAmericansassociatequantitywithvalue.

B.BecauseAmericanshavebigbellies.

C.BecauseAmericansaregoodeaters.

D.BecauseAmericansaretooweak.

38、Whathappenedinthe1970s?

A.TheUSgovernmentcalledonitspeopletoreducetheirweight.

B.Healthexpertspersuadedrestaurantstoservesmallerportions.

C.TheUnitedStatesproducedmoregrainthanneeded.

D.TheAmericanwaistlinestartedtoexpand.

39、Whatdoesthesurveyindicate?

A.Manylow-incomeAmericanswantlargeportions.

B.TwentypercentofAmericanswantsmallerportions.

C.Fifty-sevenpercentofAmericanswantlargeportions.

D.Forty-fivepercentofAmericanswantsmallerportions.

40、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofworkingclassAmericans?

A.Theyworklonghours.

B.Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck.

C.Theydon*twanttobehealthyeaters.

D.Theywanttosavemoneyforpresents.

—^板

London*sFirstLightRailSystem

TheDocklandsLightRailway(DLR)tookjustthreeyearstobuildatacost

of£77million.ItisLondon*sfirstLightRailSystem,butitsroutefollows

thatofanumberofolderlines,whichcarriedthenineteenthcenturyrailways

throughthecroweddistrictsoftheEastEnd.

ThesectionofthelinefromtheTowerGatewayStationtoPoplarfollows

thelineofoneofLondon1searliestrailways,theLondon&Blackwell41,

acable-drawnrailway(laterconvertedtosteam)whichcarriedpassengers

tosteamshipsatBlackwellPier,andprovidedtransportforthemessengers

andclerkswhowentbackwardsandforwardsbetweenthedocks(码头)andthe

cityeveryday.

FromPoplartoIslandGardens,anewlinecrosseshighabovethedockwaters,

andthenjoinstheoldtrackoftheMillwallExtensionRailway,builttoservice

theMillwallDocks42andtoprovidetransportforworkersinthelocalfactories.

Thislinewashorse-drawnforpartofitsroute,untilthe1880s.

ThePolartoStratfordsectionoftheDLRroutewasfirstdevelopedby

theNorthLondonRailway,builtinthe1850stolinktheWestandEastIndia

DockswiththemanufacturingdistrictsoftheMidlandsandNorthofEngland.

Thereweremajorrailwayworksandsidings(岔线)atBowuntilrecently.

Thetrainsareautomaticallycontrolledfromacentralcomputer,which

dealswithallsignalingandothersafetyfactors,aswellasadjustingspeeds

tokeepwithinthetimetable；onboardeachvehicle,TrainCaptains,whoare

alsofullyqualifieddrivers,areequippedwithtwo-wayradiostomaintain

contactwithcentralcontrol.Therearepassengerlifts,andself-service

ticketmachines,ateverystation.

41、ThepassagetellsusthatLondon1sfirstLightRailSystem.

A.wasconstructedinthenineteenthcentury.

B.willbefinishedinthreeyears1time.

C.followssomeoftheoriginallines.

D.tookthreeyearslongerthanexpectedtocomplete.

42、WelearnfromthepassagethattheLondon&Blackwellrailway.

A.nowcarriespassengerstoandfromthedocks.

B.wasabusylineafewyearsago.

C.usedtoemploymanymessengersandclerks.

D.wasnotoriginallyasteamrailway.

43、"Thisline"inParagraph3refersto.

A.thelinefromtheTowerGatewayStationtoPoplar

B.thelinefromPoplartoIslandGardens.

C.theMillwallExtensionRailway.

D.thelinefromPoplartoStratford.

44、ItappearsthatthePoplartoStratfordsectionoftheDLRroutewas

originallydevelopedto_______.

A.promotetravelintheMidlands.

B.encouragetradewiththeNorthofEngland.

C.