大学英语补充阅读材料一级

CETyR.din

Contents

Passage11

Passage2....................................................................................................................................2

Passage3....................................................................................................................................3

Passage4....................................................................................................................................5

Passage5.............................................................................................................................6

Passage6....A................................................................................................................7

Passage7.....,施..............9

Passage810

Passage9..11

Passage10.13

Passage11....14

Passage1；15

Passage116

Passage1fl17

Passage1519

Passage16.20

Passag21

Passage22

Passage1923

Passage2024

Passage21

Passage22

Passage23

Passage24

Passage25

Passage26

Passage27

Passage2831

Passage29.......................................................................”礴..............32

Passage30.........................................................................................................33

KeystoAllPassageQuestions.................................................................................................34

Directions:Thereare30readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefoursuggested

answersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.

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Passage1

Passage1

Coldsareverycommon.Thesymptomsofthecommoncoldincludeasore

throat,runnynose,stuffed-upnose(鼻塞),andtiredness.Coldsarecausedby

viruses(病毒),butscientistscannotexplaintheexactcause.Thereisnocure.

Manypeople,however,believethattheyknowthecausesofandcuresforthe

commoncold.Forexample,theybelievethatitispossibletogetacoldifweget

chilled,ifwegetextratired,orifwearetooclosetoapersonwithacold.In

otherwords,ifwewanttopreventcatchingcold,weshouldstaywarmanddry;

weshouldavoidgettingtootired,andweshouldnotbeinclosecontactwith

peoplewhohavecolds.

Meanwhile,thereareprobablyhundredsof"cures"throughouttheworldfor

thecommoncold.Forexample,thefollowingsuggestionsarepopularinquitea

numberofsocieties:(1)drinkplentyofwater;(2)getextrarest;(3)takealotof

vitaminC,(4)takeaspirin;(5)keepwarm.

Eachyearpeoplespendalotofmoneyoncoldmedicines-pills,liquids,

lozenges(含片).Butthesemedicinesdonotcurecoldstheycanonlyrelievecold

symptoms.Inotherwords,theymakeusfeelbetter.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.lookingforthecommoncold

B.somefactsaboutthecommoncold

C.introducingsomepatients

D.newmedicinesforcuringthecommoncold

2.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewithcoldsfeel.

A.quietB.active

C.thirstyD.tired

3.Topreventcatchingcold,you.

A.shouldkeepawayfromapersonwhohasacold

B.shouldwashyourhairincoldweather

C.shouldgooutonarainyday

D.shouldmakeyourselftired

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTa"cure"forthecommoncold?

A.TakealotofvitaminC.

Passage2

B.Drinkplentyofwater.

C.Putonasmanyclothesaspossible.

D.Getmorerest.

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecommoncold?

A.Scientistsareclosetofindingacureforcolds.

B.Therearehundredsofsymptomsofthecommoncold.

C.Manypeopleknowwhatcausesthecommoncold.

D.Therearenomedicinesthatcancurecolds.

Passage2

Everyhumanbeing,nomatterwhatheisdoing,givesoffbodyheat.Theusual

problemisnowtogetridofit.ButthedesignersoftheJohnstowncampusofthe

UniversityofPittsburghsetthemselvestheoppositeproblem--howtocollectbody

heat.Theyhavedesignedacollectionsystemwhichusesnotonlybodyheat,butthe

heatgivenoffbysuchobjectsaslightbulbs（灯泡）andrefrigerators（冰箱）aswell.

Thesystemworkssowellthatnofuelisneededtomakethecampus'ssixbuildings

comfortable.

Somepartsofmostmodernbuildings-theatersandofficesaswellasclassrooms

-aremorethansufficientlyheatedbypeopleandlightsandsometimesmustbe

air-conditionedeveninwinter.Thetechniqueofsavingheatandredistributingitis

called"heatrecovery".Afewmodernbuildingsrecoverheat,buttheUniversity's

systemisthefirsttorecoverheatfrombuildingsandreuseitinothers.

Alongtheway,Pitthaslearnedagreatdealaboutsomeofitsproducers.The

harderastudentstudies,themoreheathisbodygivesoff.Malestudentssendout

moreheatthanfemalestudents,andthelargerastudentis,themoreheathe

produces.ItistemptingtoconcludethatthehottestprospectfortheJohnstown

campuswouldbeahard-workingoverweightmalegenius（天才）.

1.WhatischaracteristicofthebuildingsonJohnstowncampusoftheUniversityof

Pittsburgh?

A.Theycollectbodyheattoregulatethetemperatureinside.

B.Theyaremorecomfortabletoliveinthanotherbuildings.

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Passage3

C.Theyuselightbulbstoheattheclassrooms.

D.Theyconsumelessfueltokeeptheclassroomscool.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thetechniqueofheatrecoveryisused.

A.toprovideaspecialformofair-conditioninginthecity

B.toprovideheatforthehotwatersystem

C.tocollectheatandreuseit

D.tofindoutthesourceofheat

3.Thephrase"thehottestprospect"inthispassagerefersto.

A.thepersonwhosuffersmostfromheat

B.thepersonwhogivesoffmostheat

C.thepersonwhoneedsmoreheatthanothers

D.thepersonwhomakesbetteruseofbodyheat

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingthepassage?

A.Theharderastudentworks,themoreheatheorsheproduces.

B.Thebiggerastudentis,themoreheatheorshesendsout.

C.Alargeandhard-workingboystudentgivesoffthemostheat.

D.Agirlstudentsendsoutmoreheatthanaboystudent.

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.RecoveryofBodyHeat

B.BodyHeatandSex

C.ModernBuilding'sHeatSystem

D.WaysofHeatingBuildings

Passage3

Noteveryoneintheworldrequiresthesameamountoflivingspace.The

amountofspaceapersonneedsaroundhimisaculturaldifference,notan

economicone.Knowingyourownpsychological（心理上的）spaceneedsisimportant

becausetheystronglyaffectyourchoices,including,forexample,thenumberof

bedroomsinthehome.Ifyouwerebroughtupinatwo-childfamily,andbothyou

andyoursisterorbrotherhadyourownbedrooms,thechancesare,ifyouhavetwo

childrenormore,thatyoualsowillofferseparatebedroomsforthem.InAmerica,

forexample,theytrainpeopletowanttohavetheirownroomsbygivingthemtheir

ownroomswhentheyarebabies.Thisisveryrareintheworld.Inmanyother

Passage3

countries,thebabysleepsinthesamebedwithhisparentsorinabednearthem.

Thespaceinthehomealsoshowsalotaboutpsychologicalspaceneeds.Some

familiesgatherclosertoeachotherandthesizeoftheirhousehasnothingtodo

withit.Othershaveseparatelittlecornerswherefamilymembersgotobealone.

Althoughitistruethatpsychologicalspaceneedsarenotdecidedbyeconomic

reasons,theysometimeshavetobechangedalittlebecauseofeconomicpressures.

Itisalmostimpossible,however,tocompletelychangeyourpsychologicalspace

needs.

1.Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith.

A.Americanwayofliving

B.livingrequirementsindifferentcultures

C.livingconditionsindevelopedcountries

D.spaceandeconomicfactors

2.Accordingtotheauthor,theamountoflivingspaceapersonneedsisdecided

by__,工

A.hisfinancialsituations

B.therelationshipbetweenthefamilymembers

C.hisculturalbackground

D.howmanyroomsthereareinhishouse

3.TheexampleofAmericanfamiliesseemstosuggestthat.

A.psychologicalspaceneedsaredevelopedwhenoneisveryyoung

B.Americansaremoreeagertobealonewhentheyareathome

C.itisadvisabletoletthebabysleepwithhisparents

D.itisadvisabletoletthebabysleepwithhissister

4.Somefamiliesgatherclosetoeachotherathomebecause.

A.itsatisfiestheirpsychologicalspaceneeds

B.theyhavenolivingspace

C.theyhavebeenbroughtupinasmallfamily

D.theyhavesmallcornersforthemselves

5.Accordingtotheauthor,psychologicalspaceneeds.

A.willchangegreatlyasone'sincomesarereduced

B.willchangeifyoumovetoasmallerhouse

C.canhardlybechangedaltogether

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Passage4

D.canbechangedatwill

Passage4

Doyoubelievethatonlyboysdowellinscience?Doesitseemtoyouthatgirls

havebettervocabulariesthanboys?Inyouropinion,areboysbetteratbuilding

things?Ifyouranswertoeachofthosequestionsis"Yes,"youareright.

Ontheaverage,malesscorehigheronteststhatmeasuremathematical

reasoning,mechanicalability,andproblem-solvingskills.Femalesshowsuperior

abilityintestsmeasuringvocabulary,spelling,andmemory.

Itisknownthatbones,muscles（肌肉）andnerves（神经）developfasterin

babygirls.Usually,too,babygirlstalkatanearlieragethanboysdo.Scientiststhink

thereisaphysicalreasonforthis.Theybelievethatthenerveendingsintheleftside

ofthebraindevelopfasteringirlsthaninboys.Anditisthissideofthebrainthat

stronglyinfluencesanindividual'sabilitytousewords,tospell,andtoremember

things.

Bythetimetheystarttoschool,therefore,littlegirlshaveanadvantagethat

boysdonothave.Girlsarephysicallymorereadytorememberfacts,tospell,andto

read.These,ofcourse,areskillsthatareimportantinelementaryschool.

Butwhathavetheboysbeendoingintheyearsbeforestartingschool?They

havebeendevelopingsomethingcalledaggression（进攻）.Anaggressiveperson

hascourageandenergy.Hefeelsstrongandindependent.Heisoftenthefirstoneto

startfight.

1.Scientistsbelievethatthedifferencesbetweenboysandgirlsare

determinedby_.

A.theirpersonalabilities

B.theirphysicalcondition

C.theircourageandindependence

D.theirageandsex

2.WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?

A.Girlsrememberthingsmoreeasily.

B.Boysscorehigheronteststhatmeasuremathematicalreasoning.

C.Boysaremoreskillfulatbuildingthings.

Passage5

D.Girlsarebetteratfactswhichmeasureproblemsolvingability.

3.Accordingtothispassage,boysare.

A.morereadytospell

B.morereadytorememberfacts

C.strongerandmoreindependent

D.quickeratlearning

4.Theword"this”(Para3)refersto.

A.thedifferencebetweenboysandgirls

B.theabilitytosolveproblems

C.thedevelopmentofbrains

D.theagewhenbabiesbegintotalk

5.Theauthor'sviewofthedifferencebetweenboysandgirlsisbased

on.

A.scientificfacts

B.personalexperience

C.socialbehaviors

D.logicalreasoning

Passage5

ThirdWorldcountriesoftenmistakenlydecidedtopermitrapidindustrialization.

Whenthisindustrializationoccurs,manynewfactoriesopen,andworkersgetjobs.

Unfortunately,manyofthesenewjobsarenotpermanent.Theleadersofanindustry

wanttheirfactoriestobeasproductiveaspossible,andtheywilldoanythingto

achievethatgoal.Whenevertheycan,theytakeadvantageofautomation,which

meansthatworkersarereplacedbyamoreefficientmachine.Asaresult,aworker

trainedforaspecificfactoryjobbecomesunemployed,andtheprofitsofthefactory

ownersaremaximized.

ManyexpertsinThirdWorldeconomicsareconcernedaboutrapid

industrializationbecauseitbringsproblemsaswellasprogress.Citizensofthese

countriesneedjobsthatwilllast,notjobsthataretemporary.Intheopinionofthese

economists,theleadersofThirdWorldcountriesshouldbeawareofthedangersas

wellastheadvantagesofrapidindustrialization.

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Passage6

1.TherapidindustrializationinThirdWorldcountriescouldmean.

A.moreprogresstothestate

B.moreprofitstothefactoryowners

C.moreproblemstothegovernment

D.alloftheabove

2.Ofthefollowingfourpoints,whichonedoleadersofanindustryconsiderfirst?

A.Morejobsfortheworkers.

B.Rapiddevelopmentinallthefields.

C.Betterpayfortheworkers.

D.Highestproductivity.

3.Accordingtothepassage,automationcouldleadto.

A.morejobsandthereforemorepay

B.fewermachinesandthereforemoreworkers

C.moremachinesandthereforefewerworkers

D.fewermachinesandthereforemoreworkers

4.Inthesentence“Citizensofthesecountriesneedjobsthatwilllast”(Para.2),the

word"last"means.

A.followalltherest

B.goon

C.becomelate

D.bemostrecent

5.Theauthorwrotethepassageinorderto.

A.tellusaninterestingstory

B.revealafact

C.tellusthedisadvantagesofautomation

D.giveawarningtosomeThirdWorldcountries

Passage6

Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago,weshouldprobably

havetosaythatwecouldnotremember.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwrittenin

itanaccountofwhatwedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothe

question.

Itisthesameinhistory.Manythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonot

Passage6

haveanywrittenaccountofthem.Sometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemost

importanthappeningsintheircountry,butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar.

Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattime

andplacedidnotknowhowtowrite.Forexample,weknowagooddealaboutthe

peoplewholivedinChina4,000yearsagobecausetheycouldwriteandleave

writtenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthe

peoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica,becausetheyhadnotlearned

towrite.

Sometimes,ofcourse,evenifthepeoplecannotwrite,theymayknowsomething

ofthepast.Theyhaveheardaboutitfromolderpeople,andoftensongsanddances

andstorieshavebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings,andthesehavebeen

sungandactedandtoldformanygenerations.Formostpeopleareproudtotellwhat

theirfathersdidinthepast.Thiswemaycall"rememberedhistory.^^Someofithas

nowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryis,

becausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeech

thanwhencopiedinwriting.Butwheretherearenowrittenrecords,suchspoken

storiesareoftenveryhelpful.

1.Whichofthefollowingideasisnotconveyedinthepassage?

A.""Rememberedhistory”,comparedwithwrittenhistory,islessreliable.

B.Writtenrecordsofthepastplaysamostimportantroleinourlearningofthe

humanhistory.

C.Awrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsustoanswersomequestions.

D.Wheretherearenowrittenrecords,thereisnohistory.

2.WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause.

A.therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattime

B.thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord

C.thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafire

D.thepeopletherehadnotknownhowtowrite

3."Rememberedhistory^^(Line6,Para,3)refersto.

A.historybasedonaperson'simagination

B.storiesofimportanthappeningspasseddownfrommouthtomouth

C.songsanddancesaboutthemostimportantevents

D.bothB.andC..

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Passage7

4."Rememberedhistory^^isregardedasvaluableonlywhen.

A.itiswrittendown

B.nowrittenaccountisavailable

C.itprovestobetrue

D.peopleareinterestedinit

5.Itcanbeinferred（推论）fromthepassagethatwecouldhavelearnedmuch

moreaboutourpastthanwedonowifourancestors（IBMi）had.

A.keptawrittenrecordofeverypastevent

B.notburnttheirwrittenrecordsinwars

C.toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappenings

D.mademoresongsanddances

Passage7

Thewaterlevelofoceansrisesandfallsalternatelytwiceaday.This

movementofwateriscalledthetide（潮汐）.Tidesarecausedbythepullofthesun

andthemoonontheearth'ssurface;sincethemooniscloser,itaffectsthetidesmore

thanthesun.Whenthemoonisdirectlyoverhead,itactuallypullsonthewaterthatis

belowit.Thiscausesthewaterleveltorisebecausethewaterispulledawayfromthe

earth.Asthemoondisappears（消失）overthehorizon（土也平线），thepulllessensand

thewaterlevelsettlesbacktowardstheoceanbottom.

Whenthewaterreachesitshighestlevel,wehavehightide.Andwhenthewater

comestoitslowestlevel,wehavelowtide.Fromitslowestpoint,thewaterrises

graduallyforaboutsixhoursuntilitreacheshightide.Thenitbeginstofall

continuouslyforaboutsixhoursuntilitreacheslowtide.Thenthecyclebeginsagain.

1.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheMoonandOceans.

B.TheMoonanddieTide

C.WaterLevels

D.ThePulloftheMoonandtheSun

2.Thepullofthemoonontheearth'ssurfaceisstrongerthanthatofthe

sunbecause.

A.themoonisdirectlyovertheearth

B.themoonpullsthewaterawayfromtheearth

Passage8

C.themoonisclosertotheearth

D.themoonmovesaroundtheearth

3.Waterlevelreachesitslowpointwhen.

A.themoonishiddenbyclouds

B.themoon'seffectisindirect

C.themoonmovesfaraway

D.thesunisoverhead

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Weathersometimesaffectstides.

B.Theforcedirectlyaffectingtheearth'ssurfacecomesfromthemoononly

C.Theeffectofthesunontheoceanwatercanbeneglected

D.Tidesaretheresultofthepullofthemoonandthesun.

5.Inthesentence“Asthemoondisappearsoverthehorizon,thepulllessens...9,

（Line6,Para.1）,thewordlessensmostprobablymeans.

A.risesB.arrives

C.decreasesD.spreads

Passage8

Theideal（理想的）teachermaybeyoungorold,tallorshort,fatorthin.He

shouldknowhissubject,buthecanmakemistakesifheiswillingtolearn.His

personality（人格）isasimportantashisscholarship（学识）.Theidealteachermust

beenthusiastic（热情的）.Hemustneverteachanythinghehimselfisnotinterestedin.

Heshouldbeabitofanactorandheshouldnotbeafraidtoshowhisfeelingsand

expresshislikesanddislikes.Hemustlikehisstudentsandrespectthem,buthemust

alsorespecthimselfandtakeprideinhiswork.Otherwise,hecannotrespecthis

studentsandwinrespectfromthem.Theidealteachershouldhaveanunderstanding

ofhisstudentsandbeabletorelatetothem.Heneedsstudents9understanding,too.

Theidealteachershouldbekind,encouraging,andhelpfulandheshouldmotivate（激

发）hisstudentstoseek（探索）knowledge.Theidealteachershouldseehisstudents

asindividuals（个人）andacknowledge（承认）theirdifferences.Hemustknowhow

toencouragetheself-developmentandgrowthofeachofhisstudents.Theideal

teacherisonewhogrows,learns,andimproveshimselfalongwithhisstudents.

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Passage9

Sowhatabouttheteachersaroundyou?

1.Whichofthefollowingistheleastimportantinjudginganidealteacher

accordingtothepassage?

A.Hisageandappearance.

B.Hisscholarship.

C.Hispersonality.

D.Hisattitudetowardshisstudents.

2.Cananidealteachermakemistakes?

A.No.Heshouldbeverycarefulnottomakeanymistakes.

B.Yes.Becausenoonecanbeperfect.

C.No.Heshouldalwaysbethe。〃卅力（权威）tohisstudents.

D.Yes.Butheshouldbewillingtolearn.

3.Whatrelationshipshouldbesetupbetweenanidealteacherandhisstudents

accordingtothepassage?

A.（相互的）respectandunderstanding.

B.Mutualencouragementandhelp.

C.Mutualaidandaffection

D.Mutualsupportandinspiration（1^^）

4.Anidealteacherviewshisstudents.

A.astalented（有才能的）youngpeople

B.asdifferentfromeachother

C.asself-centeredindividuals

D.asunderstanding,respectfulindividuals

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Anidealteachershouldalwayssetanexampleforhisstudents.

B.Teachersandstudentsbenefitfromeachotherintheprocessofteaching

andlearning

C.Studentsshouldneverexpecttheirteacherstobeideal.

D.Thosewhoaretryingtoimprovethemselvesconstantly（不断地）are

idealteachers.

Passage9

TheGoldenGateBridgejoinsthebeautifulcityofSanFranciscowiththesuburbsto

Passage9

thenorth.Eachday,aboutonehundredthousandautomobilescrossthebridge

takingpeopletoandfromthecity.Fullyhalfofthemcrossthebridgeduringthe

morningandeveningrushhours;withtrafficsoheavy,thetripishardlyapleasure.

Now,however,thereisatleastonegroupofhappycommuters.Thesearethe

peoplewhotravelunderthebridgeinsteadofonit.Theygotoworkbyboatand

enjoyitsomuchthatmostofthemsaytheywillnevergobycaragain.

Theferry（渡船）theytakeistheroomy,quiet,comfortable"GoldenGate".

Commuterscanenjoythesunondeck.Inthemorningtheycanhavebreakfastinthe

coffeeshop,andintheeveningtheycanorderadrinkinthebarwhilewatchingSan

Francisco'sfamousskylineandthenearbyhills.

Thetriptakesonlythirtyminutesandisnotverycostly.Butbestofallzbeingon

aboatseemstomakepeoplefriendliertowardeachother.Therehasalreadybeena

marriageoftwocommuterswhometonthe“GoldenGate”.

Becausetheexperimenthasbeensuccessful,thereareplanstouseother;still

largerboats.Thereisalsoaproposalforahigh-speedboatthatwillmakethetripin

fifteenminutes.

1.WhenaretherushhoursontheGoldenGateBridge?

A.From6:00a.m.to6:00p.m.

B.Around6:00a.m.and6:00p.m.

C.Eachdayfromspringtofall.

D.Inthemorningandatnoon.

2.Accordingtothepassage,.

A.itisanicethingtotravelintherushhoursontheGoldenGateBridge

B.itisveryhappyforpeopletogotoworktotravelontheGoldenGate

C.thepeopleonthebridgeareverypleasedtowatchSanFrancisco'sfamous

skylineandthenearbyhills

D.fullyhalfofthepeoplecrosstheriveronthebridgeinsteadofunderit

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thetrip