2021-2022学年北京市房山区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

2021-2022学年北京市房山区高一上学期期末考试英语试卷本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inthefirstpartofmyfreshmanyear,Iwasfineandearnedgoodgrades.ThenIbecametoo___1___withmywork.IhadsomanyactivitiesthatIhardlyhadtimetorelaxmyself.Thenmy___2___begandropping.MyfriendsleftmebecauseInolongerenjoyedbeingwiththem.WhenIwenttomydoctor,heseemedvery___3___,eventhougheverythingphysicalappearedallright.Whenhewasdone,hetoldmethatwehadtotalkaboutmy___4___,andhowmybehaviorhadchanged.WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.Bythenmyhairwasfallingoutinlargeclumps,whichmadememore___5___.IfeltasifIcouldnotevenleavemyhouse.Finally,Imetwithatherapist(治疗专家).Shediagnosedmewithananxietydisorder.Iwasrelievedtoknowwhatwaswrong,andthatthingwould___6___.Iworehatstocovermybaldhead.Irealizedthatitdoesn’tmatterwhatIlooklikeontheoutside;itismycharacterthatcounts.Thingsbegantolookup.I___7___worryingasmuch.Myhairslowlygrewback,sodidmy___8___.Ibegantoleavethehouseandinteractwithothers.Thatyear,Iagaintriedhardinschool,butImadesureIdidn’toverloadmyself.Ibecameoneofthetopstudentsinmyclass,agoalIhadnever___9___before.It’sfunnyhowsomethingbadhadtohappentomakemerealizehow____10____lifereallyis.1.A.busy B.careful C.pleased D.content2.A.money B.luck C.grades D.skills3.A.disappointed B.worried C.excited D.moved4.A.attitude B.school C.friends D.feelings5.A.disappointed B.anxious C.satisfied D.relaxed6.A.improve B.worsen C.end D.happen7.A.disliked B.minded C.stopped D.enjoyed8.A.desire B.ambition C.love D.confidence9.A.achieved B.made C.missed D.predicted10.A.bad B.good C.magical D.difficult【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者因为忙碌，学习成绩下降焦虑，后来脱发。在治疗专家的治疗下，作者头发长出来后，重拾自信，努力学习成为了班级优秀的学生之一。这让作者意识到发生了一些坏事才让人意识到生活其实有多美好。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我的工作变得太忙了。A.busy忙碌的；B.careful小心的；C.pleased高兴的；D.content满足的。根据后文“IhadsomanyactivitiesthatIhardlyhadtimetorelaxmyself.”可知，因为作者有很多活动，所以作者很忙碌。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我的成绩开始下降。A.money金钱；B.luck运气；C.grades成绩；D.skills技巧。前文提到作者太忙了，有太多的活动，所以这导致作者的成绩下降。故选C。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我去看医生的时候，他看起来很担心，尽管身体上看起来一切正常。A.disappointed失望的；B.worried着急的，担心的；C.excited激动的；D.moved感动的。根据后文“WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.”可知，医生开始为作者感到担忧。故选B。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他结束后，他告诉我，我们必须谈谈我的感受，以及我的行为是如何改变的。A.attitude态度；B.school学校；C.friends朋友；D.feelings感受。根据后文“WhenItoldhimIwasallright,hesaidthatIdidn’tshowmyrealfeelings.”可知，医生想要和作者谈谈作者的感受。故选D。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到那时，我的头发大量地脱落，这使我更加焦虑。A.disappointed失望的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.satisfied满足的；D.relaxed放松的。由前文“Bythenmyhairwasfallingoutinlargeclumps”可知，因为作者的头发大量脱落，这让作者更加焦虑。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道出了什么问题，我松了一口气，事情会好转的。A.improve改善；B.worsen变糟糕；C.end结束；D.happen发生。根据前文“Iwasrelievedto”可知，因为作者松了一口气，由此可知，作者的情况会好转的。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不再那么担心了。A.disliked不喜欢；B.minded介意；C.stopped停止；D.enjoyed喜欢。根据前文“Thingsbegantolookup.”可知，因为情况开始好转，所以作者不再那么担心了。故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的头发慢慢长回来了，我的自信也回来了。A.desire欲望；B.ambition野心；C.love爱；D.confidence自信。根据后文“Ibegantoleavethehouseandinteractwithothers.”可知，因为作者的头发长出来了，自信了，他也开始离开家和别人交流了。故选D。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成为班里最优秀的学生之一，这是我以前从未实现过的目标。A.achieved实现；B.made制作；C.missed错过，思念；D.predicted预测。根据前文“Ibecameoneofthetopstudentsinmyclass”可知，成为班里最优秀的学生是作者未曾实现过的梦想；achieveone’sdream实现某人的梦想，固定搭配。故选A。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，发生了一些坏事才让我意识到生活其实有多美好。A.bad坏的；B.good好的；C.magical有魔法的；D.difficult困难的。此处需用形容词good与空前bad对应，表示发生了一些坏的事情才能意识到生活的美好。故选B。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thesolution___11___themysteryofthemonarch’samazingabilitycomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.Itspopulation___12___(crash)byasmuchas90percentinthelastfewyears.___13___(sad),humanactivityisthemainreason___14___thenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.Nowadays,peoplehaveagreaterawarenessofthiscreatureandtheyareworkingtogethertoprotectthem.【答案】11.to12.hascrashed13.Sadly14.why【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。11题详解】考查介词。句意：黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭晓时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。thesolutionto…“……的答案”，固定搭配，所以空处需用介词to。故填to。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：其数量在近几年内减少了百分之九十之多。由时间状语inthelastfewyears可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/hasdone，主语是名词population，所以此处助动词需用has。故填hascrashed。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：可悲的是，人类活动是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的主要原因。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子，sad的副词为sadly“可悲的是”，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Sadly。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语从句，所以空处需用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mumencouragedmetotrydifferent___15___(kind)offood,andIdid!Ilovedeverything.Butjust___16___IthoughtIcoulddealwithallChinesefood,Icameacrossstinkytofu,ahorriblegreythingthatlookedandsmeltlikeaburntsportsshoe,butIgatheredallmycouragetotakeabiteandwasamazed___17___(find)itwasn’tsobad.【答案】15.kinds16.when17.tofind【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者第一次吃中国臭豆腐的经历。【15题详解】考查名词的数和固定搭配。句意：妈妈鼓励我尝试不同种类的食物，我做到了!形容词different后需接可数名词复数，所以空处需用kinds，differentkindsof…各种各样的，固定搭配。故填kinds。【16题详解】考查状语从句。句意：但就在我以为我可以应付所有的中国食物时，我遇到了臭豆腐，一种可怕的灰色东西，看起来和闻起来像一只烧焦的运动鞋，但我鼓足勇气咬了一口，惊讶地发现它并没有那么糟糕。根据空前后句意可知，空处需用when“当……时候”引导时间状语从句。故填when。【17题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：同上。beamazedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶，固定搭配。故填tofind。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nowthereareover7,000charityshopsintheUK.Thefirstcharityshop___18___(found)byOxfamin1947.Thingsincharityshopsaremuch___19___(cheap)thanthoseinstreetstores.Peoplegivethingstocharityshopsforfree.Mostofthethingshavebeenused___20___theyarewellcleanedandrepaired.Soyoucanbuyusefulthingswithlessmoneyincharityshops.【答案】18.wasfounded19.cheaper20.but【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的慈善商店的一些基本情况。【18题详解】考查被动语态。句意：第一家慈善商店是由Oxfam在1947年创建的。found建立，动词作谓语；由时间状语in1947可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，因为商店被创建，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/weredone，主语是单数，所以be动词需用was。故填wasfounded。【19题详解】考查比较级。句意：慈善商店里的东西比街头商店里的便宜得多。由空后than可知，空处需用形容词cheap的比较级cheaper，表示更便宜。故填cheaper。【20题详解】考查连词。句意：大部分东西都是用过的，但它们都很干净和修理得很好。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连词连接前后句；结合句意可知，空前后表示转折关系，所以空处需用连词but引导表示转折关系的并列句。故填but。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOurConservation&EnvironmentProjectsareidealforpeoplewhowanttohelpwithenvironmentalconservationefforts,andcarryoutfieldworkinfascinatinghabitats.You’llbeactivelyinvolvedinconservationefforts,whichincludeseducatinglocalpeopleabouttheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Wesharethesamegoal:toprotectourplanetforyearstocome.Sogetyourbackpackbecauseyou’regoingonanenvironmentaltraveladventure!Ourenvironmentalandwildlifeconservationprojectscoveranincrediblerangeofspeciesandenvironments.Ifyouloveworkingonprojectstohelptheenvironmentandanimals,youcanunleashyourpassionindifferentwayslike:JungleReforestationVolunteerscantraveltotheAmazonrainforestinPerutoassistwithreforestation.Volunteersmuststayforatleasttwoweekstogetthemostoutofthisprogram–learnmoreandtosignup!SriLankaElephantExperienceIfyouwanttogoonatropicalgetawaywhereyoucanalsodogood,checkouttheSriLankaElephantexperience,whereyou’llhavethechancetoworkalongsideamahouttocareforelephants.Thisprogramstartsfromtwoweeksat$600–learnmorehere!MarineConservationinSouthAfricaCheckoutthemarineconservationvolunteerprograminSouthAfrica,whereyoucangetupclosetomarinewildlife.Programfeesare$525tostartforoneweek,andyoucanstayuptothreemonths–Learnmoreandsignuphere!SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperienceYoucanvisitSouthAfricaandvolunteeronaworld-classwildlifereserve,whereyouwillgetupclosewithelephants,lions,rhinosandotheramazinganimals.Thisprogramstartsfrom$795foryourfirsttwoweeks–clickheretolearnmoreandtosignup!You’llsupportandlearnfromprofessionalenvironmentalistsandscientists,aswellaspeoplefromthelocalcommunity.Weoffersafe,ethical,andsustainablewildlifeandenvironmentalconservationprojects,andyou’llalwaysbeawareoftheimpactofyourwork.Inadditiontomakingadifferenceonananimalcareprogram,you’lldevelopimportantskillsforworkinginwildlifeconservation.AdventuresAwait!21.ThesharedgoalofConservation&EnvironmentProjectsisto__________.A.protectourplanet B.educatelocalpeopleC.experienceadventures D.improvethelocalcommunity22.Ifyouonlyhaveoneweektovolunteer,whichprojectisbestforyou?A.JungleReforestation.B.SriLankaElephantExperience.CMarineConservationinSouthAfrica.D.SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperience.23Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Anewspaper. B.Amagazine. C.Atextbook. D.Awebsite.24.Whatisthemainpurposeofthisadvertisement?A.Topresenthowtocareforwildlife.BTocallonpeopletoprotectwildlife.C.Torecommendvolunteerprogramsonwildlife.D.Toexplaintheimportanceofprotectingwildlife.【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇广告。文章主要介绍了一个环境保护工程为那些想要为环保做出努力的人们提供了四个保护环境和野生动植物的志愿项目。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wesharethesamegoal:toprotectourplanetforyearstocome.（我们有着共同的目标：在未来的岁月中一起保护我们的地球）”可知，该项目的共同目标就是保护地球。故选A项。【22题详解】推理判断题。MarineConservationinSouthAfrica标题下的“Programfeesare$525tostartforoneweek（项目为期一周，费用是525美元）”可推断，如果想要做一周的志愿者，可以选择MarineConservationinSouthAfrica。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据SouthAfricaBig5WildlifeExperience标题下最后一句中的“clickheretolearnmoreandtosignup（请点击这里了解更多信息并注册）”可推断，本篇文章是一篇网络上的文章。故选D项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Ourenvironmentalandwildlifeconservationprojectscoveranincrediblerangeofspeciesandenvironments.Ifyouloveworkingonprojectstohelptheenvironmentandanimals,youcanunleashyourpassionindifferentwayslike:”（我们的环境和野生动物保护项目涵盖了令人难以置信的物种和环境范围。如果你喜欢从事帮助环境和动物的项目，你可以通过不同的方式释放你的热情）可知，本篇广告主要是推荐野生动物志愿者项目。故选C项。BADAYINTHECLOUDSTheairisthinandwehavetorestseveraltimesontheshorthikefromcamp.Toourleft,snow-coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.TibetanantelopesliveontheplainsofTibet,Xinjiang,andQinghai.Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass,I’mstruckbytheirbeauty.I’malsoremindedofthedangertheyarein.Theyarebeinghunted,illegally,fortheirvaluablefur.MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureReserve.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.ToZhaxi,thelandissacredandprotectingthewildlifeisawayoflife.“We’renottryingtosavetheanimals,”hesays,“Actually,we’retryingtosaveourselves.”The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakeprofits.Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.Inordertosavethisspeciesfromextinction,theChinesegovernmentplaceditundernationalprotection.Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.Bridgesandgateswereaddedtolettheantelopesmoveeasilyandkeepthemsafefromcarsandtrains.Themeasureswereeffective.TheantelopepopulationhasrecoveredandinJune2015,theTibetanantelopewasremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.Thegovernment,however,doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes,sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.25.What’sthewriter’spurposeofvisitingTibet?A.Tochangeourwayoflifeandprotectwildlife.B.Toobserveaherdofgracefulanimals.C.Tosavetheantelopefromextinction.D.Togoforashorthikefromcamp.26.Whichofthefollowingmeasureswasnottakentosavetheantelope?A.Addingbridgesandgates.B.Establishingnaturereserves.C.Buildingnewroadsandrailways.D.Monitoringtheantelopedayandnight.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.It’shardtomakealivingforZhaxibyworkinginthereserve.B.Ourlifewillcometoanendifwedon’tliveatonewithnature.C.Theantelopepopulationdroppedjustbecausetheirhabitatsbecamesmaller.D.TheantelopepopulationrecoveredsothereisnothreattotheTibetanantelope.【答案】25.B26.C27.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。

【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.(在我们面前的平原上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选B。

【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.(随着新的公路和铁路的修建，它们的栖息地变得越来越小。)”可知，新公路和铁路的修建，使藏羚羊的栖息地变少，所以C项“建立新的公路和铁路”不是为了保护藏羚羊，故选C。

【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.(在晚上，我喝着茶看星星。我想起了藏羚羊和扎西对我说的话。我们已经做了很多工作来保护野生动物，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处，我们才能停止对野生动物和我们的地球的威胁。)”可知，从本文中我们可以推断：如果我们不与自然和谐相处，我们的生命就会结束。故选B。

CCHEMICALVSORGANICFARMINGChemicalpesticides(农药)andartificialfertilisers(人工化肥)havebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenforbiddeninmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Eat. B.Approach. C.Plant. D.Carry.29.Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?A.Organicfarmingcanmeetthehugedemandforfoodaroundtheworld.B.Organicfarmingaimsatgrowinggoodfoodandkeepingsoilrichandhealthy.C.Cropsgrownwithorganicfarminglookbeautifulbuthavelessnutritionandflavor.D.Organicfarmingdoesharmtopeopleandtheenvironmentandisnotallowedtouse.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Organicfarmingcouldn’tfinditswayinfarmingsinceithaslowproduction.B.Organicfarmingisbetterthanchemicalfarmingandcouldtaketheplaceofit.C.Weshouldstoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinfarmingbecauseoftheirharm.D.Ittakesalongtimetokeepabalancebetweenproducingsufficientfoodandensuringhealth.【答案】28.A29.B30.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了两种农业形式，即化学农业和有机农业，并对比了它们各自的优缺点。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.（此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水中保留很长时间。这会影响土地里生长的农作物，进而影响到以他们为食的人类）”可知，划线部分的单词应该表达“吃”的意义。故选A项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.（有机农业就是不使用任何化学肥料的农业。有机耕作的农民注重利用自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和和免除病害）”可知，和化学农业相比，有机农业的目的就是不借助于化学物质种植出口感更好的事物，同时保持土壤的肥沃和健康。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.（因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们餐桌上有足够的食物，同时尽可能地保持人类和环境的健康，仍然有很长的路要走）”可知，要保持充足的食物生产和健康保障之间的平衡还需要一段很长的时间。故选D项。DSHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologisedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.Nevertheless,thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeoplewouldbetravellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.Probablythemostwell-knownaretheChristianslivinginruralAmerica.Theydonotownordrivecars,watchTV,orusetheInternet.Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury,andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.Theythinkthatisbetterthancaringaboutluxuriesorfollowingthelivesoftherichandfamous.ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogrammesgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.IfoundmycareerasanAIdesignerthroughasocialmedianetwork.Myhealthmonitor,whichIwearallthetime,hasalsohelpedmegetintothebestshapeofmylife.Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.31.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningdriverlesscarsinParagraph1?A.Thehotissueaboutnewtechnology.B.Thedangeraboutnewtechnology.C.Thevalueaboutnewtechnology.D.Thesafetyaboutnewtechnology.32.WhichlifestyledotheChristianslivinginruralAmericaadvocate?A.Caringaboutluxuries.B.Reducingtheneedoflife.C.Livinginaremotemountainarea.D.Focusingontheinteractionbetweenpeople.33.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toillustratehowitisbettertousethedriverlesscar.B.Toprovethatthenewtechnologywillbringthedangers.C.Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnewtechnology.D.Topersuadepeopletostopcontinuingthenewwayoftraveling.34.What’stheauthor’sattitudeabouttechnologicaladvances?A.Objective. B.Positive. C.Negative. D.Indifferent.【答案】31.A32.D33.C34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是新技术的优点和缺点。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.（他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们应该停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。）”可知，作者在第一段中提到无人驾驶汽车想要表达的是关于新技术的热门话题。故选A。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.（他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。）”可知，生活在美国乡村的基督徒提倡的是注重人与人之间的互动的生活方式，故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.（一方面，世界上有许多不同的人群在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。）”和第三段的“Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.（另一方面，新技术给世界各地的人们带来了很多好处。）”可知，本文的目的主要是讨论新技术的优点和缺点。故选C。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（然而，我将始终看到变化的光明面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”可知，作者对技术进步的态度是积极的，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoFindRealFriendsAlotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.____35____Givenbelowarethestepstobedoneforustofindrealfriendsthatwillstandbyusthroughwhatevercomesalong.Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.Weshouldstartbyhavingarealloveforpeopleandthentakinganactiveinterestinothers.___36___Othersareoftenimpressedthatyoucaredenoughtoremembertheirname.Andwiththis,theymaybegintosharesomeexperienceorproblemswithyouandthefriendshipstartstobuild.___37___Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.Ifweareinterestedinwhatothersaresaying,theyaretypicallydrawntous.Beloyal.Itissaidthatthemainqualityofafriendishisloyalty:afriendthatwillbewithyouthroughthickandthin.Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.____38____Revealyourdeepestfeelings.Afriendshouldnotbeembarrassedtolaybaretothosewhomhetrusted.This,ofcourse,doesn’tmeanthatyoushouldpouroutallyouremotionstoeveryonethatyoumeet.However,weshouldbehonest.Andasyougettoknowandtrustsomeone,youcangraduallyrevealmoreofyourdeepestfeelings.Donotexpectperfection.Wearen’tperfect.Andevenwhenafriendshipisofftoagoodstart,weshouldn’texpectittobeperfect.Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.____39____Friendsareimportanttoourlives.Sometimes,theyareoursourceofstrengthandinspiration.However,wemustrememberthatforustofinallymeetrealfriends,wemustbearealfriendtoo.A.Payattentiontohowyoulisten.B.Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.C.Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.D.Actually,asincereinterestinothersattractsfriendship.E.Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.F.Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.G.Asecretforasuccessfulfriendshipincludesempathyandfellowfeelingsforothers.【答案】35.E36.F37.A38.C39.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何找到真正的朋友。【35题详解】空格前说“Alotofpeoplewoulddefinearealfriendasatreasure.（很多人会把真正的朋友定义为一种财富。）”，E选项“Justlikeinsearchingfortreasure,aneffortshouldbedone.（就像寻找宝藏一样，需要付出努力。）”中的“treasure”和前面的“treasure”一致，构成词语复现，既然需要付出努力，那接下来讲一些步骤，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。【36题详解】空格前说“Beinterestedinothers.Havinginterestinothersisthefirststeptowardsmakingfriends.（对他人感兴趣。对别人感兴趣是交朋友的第一步。）”，F选项“Onewaytoshowinterestistoknowtheirnameandrememberit.（表现出兴趣的一种方式是知道并记住他们的名字。）”中的“showinterest”和前面的“Havinginterestinothers”相一致，是语义的重复出现，因此F选项承接上文，符合语境，故选F。【37题详解】空格后说“Beingagoodlistenerisimportantinbuildingfriendships.（做一个好的倾听者对建立友谊很重要。）”，A选项“Payattentiontohowyoulisten.（注意你的倾听方式。）”中的“listen”和后面的“listener”相呼应，因此A选项承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【38题详解】本段主题句是“Beloyal.（要忠诚。）”，空格前说“Arealfriendshouldn’tdamageyourreputationbyjoininginwickedgossip.（真正的朋友不应该参与恶意的流言蜚语而损害你的声誉。）”，空格处应接着说真正的朋友会怎么做，C选项“Instead,heorshewillloyallystandupforyou.（相反，他或她会忠诚地支持你。）”说明了真正的朋友的做法，其中的“loyally”与主题句中的“loyal”相一致，因此C选项承接上文，符合语境，故选C。【39题详解】空格前说“Wemuststrivetomakeitanalmostperfectkindoffriendship.（我们必须努力让它成为一种近乎完美的友谊。）”，B选项“Andtoattainit,weneedtimeandemotion.（要做到这一点，我们需要时间和情感。）”中的“needtimeandemotion”和前面的“strive”相呼应，表示因为需要时间和情感，所以要努力，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Festivalsarecelebratedallaroundtheworld.Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,famousfigures,andimportantevents.Everyfestivalhasitsdifferentcustomsanduniquecharms.However,nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem,allovertheworld,thespiritofsharingjoy,gratitude,love,orpeac