2022-2023学年吉林省延边重点学校高二（下）期中英语试卷

2022-2023学年吉林省延边重点学校高二（下）期中英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

SEASummerHighSchoolPrograms2023

ScienceatSEA

ScienceatSEAisafour-weekprogramforrisinghighschooljuniorsandseniors,aswellasrecenthigh

schoolgraduates,whichfocusesonthecoastalandoffshoremarineenvironmentaroundCapeCod

Massachusetts.TheprogramincludesashorecomponentontheSEAcampusinWoodsHoleandasea

componentaboardtheSailingSchoolVessel（SSV）CorwithCramer.

July21-August13

Expense：$4,000

SEAQuest

SEAQuestisatwo-weekprogramthatwelcomeshighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.Participants

willgainhands-onexperienceconductingfieldresearch,sailingatallships,andunderstandingofthe

complexitiesofcreatingandmanagingmarinereserves.Theywillreturnhomewithabroadersenseofthe

ocean*simportancetoourplanetandtheneedtopreservethispreciousresourceforfuturegenerations.Life

hereisfast-paced.Nopriorsailingexperienceisnecessary.Astrongdesiretolearnisrequired!

July11-July22

Expense：$3,200

SEACape

Thisthree-weeksummerprogramatSEAofferscurrenthighschoolstudentstheopportunitytostudythe

marineenvironmentfromavarietyofperspectives：scientific,historical,andliterary.Participantsliveand

studyatourcampusinWoodsHole,Massachusetts.

June27-July14

Expense：$3,800

SEAExpedition

Thistwo-weeksummerprogramforhighschoolstudents,includinggraduatingseniors,iscenteredon

learningbydoing.SEAExpeditionisamultidisciplinaryexperiencethatwelcomesstudentstoparticipate

ineveryaspectofachallengingoffshoresailingandoceanographicexpedition,andoccursentirelyaboard

theSSVCorwithCramer.Lifeatseaisfast-pacedandtough.

July5-July17

Expense：$3,500

1.Whichprogramlaststheshortest?

A.ScienceatSEA.B.SEAQuest.

C.SEACape.D.SEAExpedition.

2.WhatisrequiredforparticipantsinSEAQuest?

A.Previousexperienceinsailing.

B.Abilitytoconductscientificexperiments.

C.Greateagernesstostudythesea.

D.Knowledgeofsearesourcepreservation.

3.WhatisthechallengeaboutSEAExpedition?

A.Itlastsabouttwoweeks.

B.Itentirelytakesplaceonaship.

C.Itiscenteredonlearningbydoing.

D.Itisamultidisciplinaryexperience.

B

I'vespenttwodecadesobservingwhatmakespeopleluckyandtryingtohelppeopleincreasetheirluck.I

teachentrepreneurship（仓!J业学）.Weknowmanynewenterprisesfail,andinnovators（仓1J业者）need

luck.

Withmystudents,Ispendmuchtimeencouragingthemtogetoutoftheircomfortzoneandtakesome

risks.Idothismyselfallthetime.Aboutadozenyearsago,duringaflight,Idecidedtotakealittlerisk.I

startedaconversationwiththemansittingnexttome.Iintroducedmyself,andIlearnedthathewasa

publisher.!learnedallaboutthefutureofthepublishingindustryandweexchangedcontact（联系）

information.Soaboutthreequartersthroughtheflight,Idecidedtotakeanotherrisk.Ishowedhimabook

planIwasdoinginmyclass.Althoughhewasverypolite,hesaiditwasn'trightforthem.

Acoupleofmonthslater,ItoldhimIwasdoingaprojectontransformingthebook,thefutureof

publishingandinvitedhimtocometomyclass.Sohegladlycametomyclass.Wehadagreat

experience.Afewmonthslater,Iwrotetohimagain,sendingabunchofvideoclips（剪辑）fromanother

projectmystudentshadmade.Hewassostrickenbyoneofthemthathethoughttherewasabookinit.I

wasalittlebithurt,butitwasallright.SoIinvitedhimandhiscolleaguestohavelunchtogether.Later,

oneofhiseditorsaskedmeifIhadconsideredwritingabook.AndIpulledouttheexactsameplanIhad

showedhisbossayearearlier.Withintwoyears,mybookhadsoldoveramillioncopies.

4.Wecaninferfromtheauthor'sexperienceontheplanethat.

A.thepublisherwasstrickenbyhisbook

B.thatwashisexperiencebyplane

C.thefirstriskduringtheflightdidn'tworkout

D.theexperiencemadehimtransforminghisbook

5.Whydidtheauthorsendthestudents*videoclips?

A.Tohavetheirbookpublished.B.Tohelptoincreasehisluck.

C.Toassesstheirwritingskills.D.Tohelpthemseetheirstrengths.

6.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TaketheLead.B.EverythingisPossible.

C.WininDanger.D.LuckandRisk.

7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkresultedinhisluck?

A.Publishingbooks.

B.Aseriesofsmallrisks.

C.Beingturneddownfrequently.

D.Meetingwiththestrangerontheplane.

c

Foralotofpeople,age-relatedcognitivedecline（认知衰退）follows"gradually,andthensuddenly".At

first,thelossofmentalsharpnessisdifficulttodetect.Butonedayyoumayfindthatyourmemoryand

othermentalmuscleshavegrownnoticeably,frustratinglyweak.

Researchhasfoundcognitivedeclinemaybeginasearlyasyour20s.Typically,apersonpeaksoutaround

their30thbirthday,"saysMichaelMerzenich,aformerdirectoroftheKeckCenterforIntegrative

NeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia.Eachdecadethereafter,theaverageperson'smental

sharpnesssteadilydropsoff.

Thebrain'stoolsetusuallygrowsrusty（生锈的）asaresultofdisuse-notbecauseofunpreventable

degradationbutduetotakingyourbrainoffline."Offline"referstoautopilotactivities,"Thismeansdoing

thesamethings-relyingontheabilitiesorskillsyouacquiredatayoungerage,"heexplains.Duringthe

firstfewdecadesofyourlife,thissortofcognitivecoastingisn'treallypossible.Butonceyou'vesettled

intoadulthood-intoasetofroutines-yourday-to-daylifemaynotaskmuchofyourbrain'sexecutive（决

策的）functions,whicharethehigh-leveloperationshelpingyousolvecomplexproblems.Theolderyou

get,themoredifficultforyoutochangeyourhabitualroutine.

Fortunately,constantlyengagingyourbrain'slearningmachinerywithskillsoractivitiesthatarenew

makesitpossibletopreventage-relatedcognitivedecline.

MoreofMerzenich'sresearchhasshownthat"targeted"braintrainingcanhelppeoplestrengthentheir

memories,concentration,andhigh-levelprocessingcapabilities.Evenamongpeoplewithmildbrain

injury,cognitivedamageisoftenreversiblewithpropertraining.Herecommendsadoptinganewhobby-

somethingthatforcesyoutolearnanewsetofskills."Thegoalistoexpandyourunderstandinginanew

way,"hesays.

Likeyourbody,yourbrainrequiresexercisetostayhealthy.Challengingitwithnewhobbiesandlearning

opportunitiesmaybethebestwaytomaintainitsfitness.

8.Whatcanwelearnaboutcognitivedecline?

A.Itisdifficulttodetect.B.Itprocessesgradually.

C.Itcanbeprevented.D.Itoccursinone'sthirties.

9.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ThemeaningofOffline".

B.Thefeaturesofmentalsharpness.

C.Thereasonsforcognitivedecline.

D.Theprocessofbrainsgrowingrusty.

10.Whatdoesunderlinedword"reversible"inparagraphsprobablymean?

A.Believable.B.Lasting.C.Predictable.D.Curable.

11.WhatdoesMerzenichseemtoadvocate?

A.Keepingourhabitualroutine.

B.Trainingourbraintokeepithealthy.

C.Detectingmentalsharpnessregularly.

D.Adoptingasmanyhobbiesaswecan.

D

Bytheyear2050,Earth'spopulationisexpectedtoreachnearly10billionpeople.Withthisgrowthcomes

asurprisingdemandforfoodresources.Tofindaneffectivewaytodealwiththeglobalfoodsafetycrisis,

EnterX,AlphabetInclaunchedProjectMineral,whichfocuseson"computationalagriculture",aterm

todescribenewtechnologiesthatwillfurtherincreaseunderstandingabouttheplantworld.

Canamachinebetaughttounderstandtheplantworld?Afteryearsofwork,ProjectMineralleaderElliot

Grantandhisteam'slatestprototype（原型）-aplant-scanningrobot-willturnupattheSmithsonian's

"Futures"exhibitionlaterthisyear.Thefour-wheeledplantrobot,aboutastallasashippingcontainerand

aswideasacar,usesdifferentcamerasandothertechnologiestomonitorandfindpossibleproblemswith

plants.

Asitrollsthroughthefarmland,itcanidentifyweeds,andmeasuretheripenessoffruits.TheMineral

robotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheatplants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.Whafsmore,

whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutinthefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,

traitsordiseases.

MineralhaspartneredwithafarmerinthePhilippineswhoishelpingtheteamstudydiseasesin

bananas.Imagesofdiseasedbananaswillbeusedtoteachtherobothowtodetectdiseases.

Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenemploysthemachinelearningmodeltocountaplants

floweringspeed,whichiscrucialtounderstandhowaplantrespondstoitsenvironmentandpredictthe

yields.Besides,therobotcanmeasureallkindsofleafsizesanddetectgreenness.

Thoughtherobothascomealongwayfromitsorigin,it'sstillaprototype.Mineralstressesthatthey're

constantlyimprovingandworkingcloselywithexpertsintheagriculturalfieldtounderstandplants

further.

12.WhichofthefollowingisacharacteristicoftheMineralrobot?

A.Itpowersitself.B.Itmoveswithlegs.

C.Itlookslikeaship.D.Itcanadjustitself.

13.WhatisthefunctionoftheMineralrobot?

A.Growingplantsonitsown.B.Helpingfightinsects.

C.Detectingcropdiseases.D.Removingbadfruits.

14.HowdoestheMineralrobotpredictcropyields?

A.Byobservingtheripenessoffruits.

B.Bycalculatinghowfastplantsflower.

C.Byanalyzingtheshapeofplants*leaves.

D.Byanalyzingimagesofdiseasedplants.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Anattemptinsolvingthepopulationproblems.

B.Improvementofaplant-scanningrobot.

C.ProjectMineral-afightagainstfoodsafetycrisis.

D.Effectivesolutionstodealwithcropdiseases.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Howtobemoreresilient(适应力强的)？

We'veallheardofIQ,andtermslikeEQ,whichrelatestoouremotionalintelligence,arecommonly

used.ButhaveyouheardofAQ?(1)Itmeasuresourabilitytoresisttheshockwhenlifethrows

uscurveballs一howlikelywearetocrumble(崩溃)orthriveinthesesituations.(2)

Adversesituationscantakeusbysurprise.Intheworkplace,itcouldbeintheformofalayoff,the

companyweworkforgoingunderorbeingrestructured,orevenmissingoutonapromotion.Failed

friendshipsandrelationships,hardfinancialtimesandevenlossofbelovedonesarethingsthatcanoccur

outsideofwork.(3)Sohowcanwelearntobemoreresilient?

Luckily,therearesomestepsyoucantaketohelpyoubemoreresilientandadaptableinthefaceof

adversity,accordingtoDrShahramHeshmat,professorofhealtheconomics.

(4)Resilientpeopleoftenhaveanaimandareabletoconcentratemoreonadesiredoutcome,

seeingnegativesituationsasabumpintheroadonthewaytoachievingtheirgoal.Learningtorelaxand

regulateyouremotionsisanotherkeystep一onewaytohelpistopractisebreathingexercises.Likewise,

dwellingonthingsandlettingthemgettoyoucancauseyoutobestressed.Soseedifficultiesmoreasan

opportunitytolearnandgrowemotionally.(5)Beingabletotalkwithsomeoneaboutthe

challengeswefacecanhelp.

A.First,tryandfindameaningfulgoal.

B.Thingsthathappeninlifearenotalwayspleasant.

C.Finally,makesureyouhaveagoodsocialsupportnetwork.

D.However,takingafewstepstobemoreresilientcanmakethemalittleeasiertogetthrough.

E.AQstandsforAdversityQuotientandmeasuresourabilitytodealwiththeupsanddownsoflife.

F.Beingabletohandletheseroughtimesisimportantnotonlyinourpersonallivesbutinourprofessional

livestoo.

G.Itcanbeusedtopredictourattitudes,perseverance,longevity,andthewayswelearnfromchanges

intheenvironment.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共22.5分)

WhenIbecameanamputee(截肢患者)atage29,Iwasforcedtorethinktheideaofphysical

perfection.Mylifebecamedifferent,asIchangedfromanacceptablyattractivewomantoanobjectofpity

and(1).

Toobusy(2)physicalpainandobviousmobilitylimitation,Iwasnotawareofthischangeat

first.Iwasdeterminedto(3),feelinggoodabouttheprogressIhadmade,asImovedforward.

(4),asImademyfirstexcursion(远足)outsidethehospital,societyhadalreadyassigned

meanewstatus.Happytobefreeofmyrestrictioninthehospital,Irolledthroughtheshoppingmall-a

(5)survivor,feelinglikeawarhero.Unfortunately,Ihadarude(6)asIdiscovered

thatothersdidnotviewmeinthewayIhadcometoviewmyself.

Alleyeswereuponme,yetnoonedaredtomakeeyecontact.Theireffortsto(7)myeyesforced

metorealizetheysawonlymymissinglegs.Mothers(8)heldtheirchildrencloserasI

passed.Elderlywomenpattedmeontheheadsaying,"GodBlessYou!"with(9)intheireyes.

WhileIsatthinkingaboutwhathadhappened,asmallgirlcameuptome.Shestaredwithunembarrassed

(10)attheemptypants.Findingnothingthere,shelookedupatmewithapuzzledlook,she

innocentlyasked,"Lady,wheredidyourlegsgo?”

Iexplainedthatmylegshadbeensick.Sincemylegshadn'tbeenstrongandhealthylikehers,thedoctors

hadto(11)them.Leaningherheadupwards,sheasked,"Didtheygoto'LegHeaven*?"

Thatincidentmademethinkabouthow(12)childrenandadultsreacttotheunknown.Toachild,

anoddappearanceisaninterestingcuriosityanda(13)learningexperiencewhileadultsoften

viewthesamethingwithfearandhorror.Ibegantorealizethat,I,toohadbeen(14)ofthesame

inappropriatereactionsbeforeIknewwhatlifewaslikeforanamputee.

Tofulfillthewholenessofmymindandspirit,Inowsmilewarmly,makeeyecontact,andspeakina

confidentmanner.Byusinga(15)approach,Iattempttoenlightensocietyaboutthefactthat

havinganot-so-perfectbodydoesn'tmeanhavingapoorqualityoflife.

21.A.discomfortB.fearC.embarrassmentD.sadness

22.A.cryingwithB.figuringoutC.holdingbackD.dealingwith

23.A.bearB.quitC.stickD.succeed

24.A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore

25.A.calmB.poorC.proudD.rare

26.A.awakeningB.endingC.happeningD.processing

27.A.turnB.holdC.catchD.avoid

28.A.softlyB.protectivelyC.reluctantlyD.pleasantly

29.A.pityB.angerC.depressionD.upset

30.A.curiosityB.determinationC.enthusiasmD.satisfaction

31.A.loseB.adjustC.removeD.stretch

32.A.differentlyB.positively

C.strangelyD.sympathetically

33.A.painfulB.potentialC.similarD.common

34.A.consciousB.guiltyC.ignorantD.short

35.A.creativeB.flexibleC.positiveD.scientific

四、阅读填空(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

36.Withahistoryofmorethan6,000years,Chinesepainting,originally(1)(pursue)by

wealthypeople,developedaround221BCduringtheEasternJinDynasty.Then,itbecamepopular

around581ADasmoreandmorepeoplebegantoshow⑵(appreciate)ofitsbeauty.

BasictoolsandmaterialsforChinesepaintinginvolvewritingbrushes,inkandpaper.TheChinese

paintingbrushismostlymadeofgoat,wolforfoxhair,(3)issuitableforproducingbrushesthatare

bothsoftandstringy(有韧性).

Theinkstickisproducedwithamixtureofpinesoot(松烟)andanimalglue.Itsusedin

combinationwithaninkstone.Thepainterwetstheinkstoneandthengrinds(研磨)theinkstick

onthestone,⑷(make)theinkrunsothatitcanbeusedforpainting.

ManyChineseancientartworks⑸(create)onsilk.However,silkwas(6)expensivethatonlyvery

importantpaintingswoulduseit.Bythefirstcentury,whentheearlyformofpaperwasinvented,

ithadbecomealot⑺(cheap)topaint.

TraditionalChinesepaintingenjoysworldwidefame⑻itsoriginalstyle,distinctivefeaturesand

specialtechniques.ltemphasizesharmonybetweenmanandnature.WhenlookingataChinese

painting,youmaynot(9)(initial)realizeitscomplexconcept.Infact,muchremains(10)(learn)

abouttraditionalChinesepaintinganditselements.ThroughappreciatingChinesepainting,youwill

haveabetterunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandChinesepeople.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共50.0分)

37.假定你是李华，你校打算发起一场以"坚持锻炼，强身健体"(TakeExerciseandKeep

Healthy)为主题的宣传活动，你受学生会委托为校宣传栏写一份倡议书。内容包括：

(1)当前中学生身体现状；

(2)锻炼身体的重要性；

(3)你的呼吁。

注意：

(1)词数80左右

(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

TakeExerciseandKeepHealthy

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Itwasasunnysummermorning,thebreezeblowinggently.Asplanned,Jacksontookatripintothe

remotewildsnearOlomVillage,intheSakhaRepublic,Russia.Hisfour-year-olddaughter,Karina,

foundhimleavingandwantedtofollowhimtogiveherdadasurprise.Sheslippedoutofthehouse,

withnobodyrealizingit,evenJackson.

Unfortunately,shewalkedtooslowlyonherwayandsoonshewaslostinthevast,dangerous

Siberianwilderness.Luckilyforher,herdog,Naida,followedKarinajustasthegirlfollowedher

father.Thetwosuddenlyfoundthemselveswalkingwithnooneinsight,driftingawayfromtheir

homeasthehourswentby.

Nightfell.Karina'sfatherreturnedhome,anditdidn'ttakelongafterthatforthewholefamilyto

realizewhathadhappened.Theycouldn'tfindKarinaanywhere.Theyturnedtothepoliceforhelp

immediately.Andtheytookactionatonceinsearchofthelostgirl.

Awholeweekhadgonebyandtherewasnoprogressoftherescueinsight.Thewholefamilywas

stuckindesperation,butKarina'smumneverlosthope."Manystoppedbelievingthatshewasalive,

butasamotherIfeltthatshewouldbefoundsoon."

Infact,Karinadidsurvive.AlthoughSiberiaisanextremelydangerousplaceevenforotherwisefit

adultsduetoitswildlifeandclimate,shemadeit.Shesurvivedbyeatingwildfruitsanddrinking

waterfromnearbyrivers,andshefacedthefreezingnighttimetemperaturesbycozyingupinabed

ofgrass.Naidadiditsbesttoo,scaringawaythewildanimalsandkeepingeachotherwarmby

sleepingclosetogetheratnight.

Afterninedaysstrugglingtosurvive,scaredandalone,Karinacouldonlybegratefulaboutonething：

hergoodfriendwasbyherside.Naidagaveitsstrength,andactivelyhelpedthefour-year-oldtostay

aliveforthatlong.

Thismorning,Naidasuddenlywalkedawayandheadedbackintotown,ignoringKarina'shopeless

cryandleavinghercompletelyalone.

NaidadidwhatitcouldtoleadtherescueteamtowhereKarinawas..

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章ScienceatSEA部分July21—August13（7月21日至8月

13日。）SEAQuest部分中"July11—July22（7月11日至7月22日。）SEACape部分中

June27-July14（6月27日至7月14日。）SEAExpedition部分中July5-July17（7月5日至7

月17日。）可知，ScienceatSEA持续时间最长。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章SEAQuest部分Strongdesiretolearnisrequired!（需要有强烈的学习

欲望！）可知，参加SEA任务需要非常渴望研究海洋。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段

SEAExpeditionisamultidisciplinaryexperiencethatwelcomesstudentstoparticipateineveryaspecto

fachallengingoffshoresailingandoceanographicexpedition,

andoccursentirelyaboardtheSSVCorwithCramer.Lifeatseaisfast-pacedandtough.（SEA探险是一

个多学科的体验，欢迎学生参与一个具有挑战性的近海航行和海洋探险的每一个方面，并完全发

生在SSVCorwithCramer上。海上的生活节奏快而艰苦。）可知，SEAExpedition的特别之处是

它完全发生在船上的。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个2023年SEA夏季高中项目。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅

读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关

键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。二、

看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而

主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章

进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章

进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻

辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，

通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表

面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,

imply,suggest,indicate等。四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它

不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要

学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

4〜7.【答案】D、B、D、B

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题.根据第三段的“Acoupleofmonthslater,

ItoldhimIwasdoingaprojectontransformingthebook,

thefutureofpublishingandinvitedhimtocomelomyclass.几个月后，我告诉他我正在做一个关于

改变这本书的项目，出版的未来，并邀请他来我的课堂.”可知作者在飞机上的经历使他改变了他

的著作.故选D.

（2）B.推理判断题.根据第二段的“Soaboutthreequartersthroughtheflight,

Idecidedtotakeanotherrisk.IshowedhimahookplanIwasdoinginmyclass.所以在飞行的四分

之三左右，我决定再冒一次险.我给他看了一个我在班上做的钩子计划.”及第三段”

Afewmonthslater,Iwrotetohimagain,sendingabunchofvideoclips（剪辑）

fromanotherprojectmystudentshadmade.Hewassostrickenbyoneofthemthathethoughttherewa

sabookinit.几个月后，我再次写信给他，从我的学生做的另一个项目发送了一组视频剪辑.他

是如此被其中一个打动了，他以为里面有本书.”可推测作者把学生的视频剪辑和书一起寄过去

的目的是帮助增加自己的运气.故选B.

（3）D.标题归纳题.根据文章的主要内容，尤其是一段的

"Pvespenttwodecadesobservingwhatmakespeopleluckyandtryingtohelppeopleincreasetheirluck

.Iteachentrepreneurship（仓U业学）.Weknowmanynewenterprisesfail,andinnovators（仓U业者）

needluck我花了二十年的时间观察什么能让人幸运，并试图帮助人们增加运气.我教创业.我们

知道许多新企业失败了，创新者需要运气.”再根据第二段"Withmystudents,

Ispendmuchtimeencouragingthemtogetoutoftheircomfortzoneandtakesomerisks.Idothismys

elfallthetime.和我的学生们在一起，我花了很多时间鼓励他们走出自己的舒适区，去冒险，我

一直都是自己做的.”可知，本文主要讲述作者近二十年一直在研究使得人们幸运的是什么，并

且帮助他人增加幸运的机会.作者一直鼓励学生走出舒适区并做出一些冒险，而作者本人也一直

坚持这样做.所以"D.LuckandRisk（运气和冒险）”可以作为本文标题.故选D.

（4）B.推理判断题.根据第二段的“Aboutadozenyearsago,duringaflight,

Idecidedtotakealittlerisk.大约十几年前，在一次飞行中，我决定冒点险.”及第二段的

"Soaboutthreequartersthroughtheflight,Idecidedtotakeanotherrisk.所以在飞行的四分之三左右，

我决定再冒一次险.”和第三段的“Afewmonthslater,Iwrotetohimagain,

sendingabunchofvideoclips（剪辑）

fromanotherprojectmystudentshadmade.Hewassostrickenbyoneofthemthathethoughttherewa

sabookinit.几个月后，我又写信给他，从我的学生们做的另一个项目中发了一堆视频片段，他

被其中一个项目弄得心烦意乱，以为里面有本书.”可知出版商拒绝之后，作者一直没有放弃，冒

着拒绝的风险提升幸运的机会，最终成功的出版了这本书.由此推测，作者认为是一些小的冒险

让他成功了.故选B.

这是一篇人生感悟类阅读.本文主要讲述作者近二十年一直在研究使得人们幸运的是什么，并且

帮助他人增加幸运的机会.作者一直鼓励学生走出舒适区并做出一些冒险，而作者本人也一直坚

持这样做.

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分

析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据.

8~11.【答案】C、C、D、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Fortunately,constantlyengagingyourbrain'slearning

machinerywithskillsoractivitiesthatarenewmakesitpossibletopreventage-relatedcognitivedecline.

（幸运的是，不断让大脑的学习机器与新的技能或活动相结合，可以防止与年龄相关的认知能力

下降。）可知，认知能力下降是可以预防的。故选C。

（2）段落大意题。根据文章第三段中Thebrain'stoolsetusuallygrowsrusty（生锈的）asaresultof

disuse-notbecauseofunpreventabledegradationbutduetotakingyourbrainoffline."Offline"refersto

autopilotactivities.（大脑的工具集通常会因为废弃而生锈-不是因为无法避免的退化，而是因为大

脑离线。“离线”是指自动驾驶活动。）可知，第三段主要介绍的是认知能力下降的原因，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。根据上文MoreofMerzenich'sresearchhasshownthat"targeted"braintrainingcan

helppeoplestrengthentheirmemories,concentration,andhigh-levelprocessingcapabilities.（Merzenich

的更多研究表明，“定向"的大脑训练可以帮助人们增强记忆、注意力和高水平的处理能力。）可

知，戈!J线单词所在句子Evenamongpeoplewithmildbraininjury,cognitivedamageisoftenreversible

withpropertraining.的意思是”即使在轻度脑损伤的人群中，只要适当的训练，认知损伤通常是可

治愈的。”由此判断，划线单词的意思是“可治愈的"。A.Believable.可信的；B.Lasting.持久的；

C.Predictable.可预测的；D.Curable.可治愈的。划线词与curable词义接近，故选D。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Likeyourbody,yourbrainrequiresexercisetostay

healthy.Challengingitwithnewhobbiesandlearningopportunitiesmaybethebestwaytomaintainits

fitness.（和你的身体一样，你的大脑需要锻炼才能保持健康。用新的爱好和学习机会挑战它可能

是保持健康的最佳方式。）可知，Merzenich主张训练我们的大脑以保持健康，故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学研究表明，通过让大脑的学习组织与新的技能或活动相

结合，可以防止与年龄相关的认知能力下降。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12〜15.【答案】D、C、B、C

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第三段TheMineralrobotcanbecometallertotakepicturesofwheat

plants,orwidentoscanabroadbedofcrops.（Mineral机器人可以变高以拍摄小麦植株，也可以变

宽以扫描广阔的作物床。）可知，Mineral机器人的特点是它可以自我调整。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第三段What'smore,whentherobotmeetswithdifferentsituationsoutin

thefield,itcanaccuratelyidentifyspecificcrops,traitsordiseases.（更重要的是，当机器人在野外

遇到不同的情况时，它可以准确地识别特定的作物、性状或疾病。）可知，该机器人能识别农作

物的病害。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段Therobotalsotakespicturesofflowersandthenemploysthe

machinelea