高中情态动词详解

情态动词高三十四十五班第一轮复习材料e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6ECancoulde7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EPART.01表示能力e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E1.表示能力Someofuscanusethecomputer,butwecouldn’t10yearsago.e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Ecould为can的过去式，表示过去的能力。要表示将来具备的能力通常beableto的将来时态。其中要注意的是，could表示过去的能力，通常只用于表示过去一般性能力，而不表示过去具体某次特定情形下能够做某事的能力。如：他学习很努力，所以考试能及格。误：Hestudiedhardandcouldpasstheexam.

正：Hestudiedhardandwasabletopasstheexam.1.表示能力e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E注：若在否定句中没有以上限制，即couldn’t可表示过去特定情况下的能力，如可说：

Hestudiedhardbutstillcouldn’tpasstheexam.PART.02表示允许和许可。e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E2.表示允许和许可e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6ECould和can没有时间上的差别，用could比用can语气上委婉，could一般用于疑问句中，肯定回答时要改用can。Youcanparkyourcarhere.——CanIuseyourpen？

——Yes,youcan.——No,youcan’t.——CouldIcomehereagaintomorrow？——Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)2.表示允许和许可e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用can，而不用could。如：WhenIlivedathome,IcouldwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.表示过去的允许时，若表示过去一般性允许（即表示某人随时都可以做某事），用could；若表示在过去某一特定情况下允许进行某一特定的活动，则不用could。Iwasallowedtoseethefilmyesterdayevening.昨天晚上允许我去看了电影。（特定的允许，不能用could)PART.03can表示客观的逻辑上的可能性e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Ecan表示客观的逻辑上的可能性，e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E意为“可能会”，多用于肯定句。Anyonecanmakemistakes.Takingaplanecanbedangerous.Childrencanbenoisysometimes.Itcanbeveryhotinourcity.PART.04构成的短语和特殊句式e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E⑴cannot/can’t/……too/enoughe7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越…越好”，有时cannot,can’t可用cannever代替。Wecan’tthankyoutoomuchforwhatyou’vedoneforus.Youcannotbetoocarefultocrosstheroad. Youcannotbecarefulenoughtocrosstheroad.Youcanneverdotheworktoowell.⑵can’thelpdoingsth.e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EWhenItrytospeak,Ican’thelpmakingmistakes.Ican’thelp(to)carrythebox.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住，

can’thelp(to)do不能帮忙做某事⑶can’thelpe7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Ecan’thelpbutdocannot/couldnotbutdocan’tchoosebutdocandonothingbutdo不得不如：Ican’thelpbutadmireyourcourage.Icouldnotbutadmireher.⑷can’thelpite7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EIalwaysenduphavinganargumentwithher.Idon’tknowwhy,butIcan’thelpit.Icouldn’thelpitifthebuswaslate.无计可施，忍不住。⑸as…as+主语

+can/coulde7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EPleasecomehereasearlyasyoucan.尽可能

=as…aspossible⑹cannot,couldnot与比较级连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EItcouldn’tbebetter.表示最高级的意思。Shecouldn’tchooseabettergiftforme.⑺表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6ECanthisbetrue?这可能是真的吗？（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么能这么粗心！PART.05表示推测：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E表示推测：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EHecan’t/couldn’thavefinishedsomuchworkinsoshortatime.即具体的事情实际发生的可能性can和

could一般用于否定句和疑问句（could有时会在肯定句中出现），could只表示可能性比can小，不表示时态。Youcan’tbeserious.Couldhehavefinishedthetask?他可能把任务完成了吗？Canhebeathomenow?他现在能在家吗？表示推测：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E如：Can[Could]thisbetrue?这能是真的吗对过去的推测，应在

can,could之后接动词的完成式，且此时can仍只用于否定句或疑问句，不用于肯定句；而could则可用于各种句型。Wherecan[could]hehavegone?他能到哪里去了呢Shecan’t[couldn’t]haveleftsosoon.她不可能走得这么早。Hecouldhavegonehome. 他可能已回家了。PART.06与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Ecould后接动词的完成式，除表示对过去的推测外，还可表示过去没有实现的可能性，或委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做（虚拟语气）。couldhavedone表示“过去有能力做某事，但没有做”；couldn’thavedone表示“过去本不可能做某事，但却做了”。与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E如：Youcouldhavestartedalittleearlier.你本可早点动身的。Youneedn’thavecookedit.Wecouldhaveeatenitraw.

你其实可以不煮熟（它），我们（本来）可以生吃。maymighte7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EPART.01表示请求和许可。e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E1.表示请求和许可e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E请求用might语气更委婉。否定回答时（口语中常用）no,youcan't./yes,please用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意（具有强烈禁止的意思）如：Youmaydrivethecar.你可以开这辆车。—MightIuseyourpen?—No,youmustn't.

—我可以用你的钢笔吗？—不，绝对不行。允许时用may，表示“可以”（表示允许时不用might）。类似与can和could的用法。1.表示请求和许可e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E用MayI...征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用CanI...征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。PART.02用于祈使句中表示祝愿e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E2．用于祈使句中表示祝愿e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E(倒装句式).Myallyourdreamscometrue.Mayyoubehappyeveryday!PART.03用于目的状语从句中e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E3.用于目的状语从句中e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E(倒装句式).Myallyourdreamscometrue.Mayyoubehappyeveryday!PART.04用于让步状语从句中e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E4.用于让步状语从句中e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E(倒装句式).Myallyourdreamscometrue.Mayyoubehappyeveryday!PART.05

maymight的其它应用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E5.其它用法：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E⑴maywell意为：“很可能…”（相当于：beverylikelytodo）.

Youmaywellgetconfused.Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.5.其它用法：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E⑵may/might(just)aswelldo意为：还是……的好，最好……Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.PART.06表示推测：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E表示推测e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E可能（用于肯定句，否定句；疑问句不能用于此意，一般表推测时疑问句中用can）might不表时态，只表可能性比may小。Hemaynothavefinishedthework. Hemayknowmyphonenumber.Hemightcometomorrow,butIamnotquitesure.Hemightn’thaveheardyouwhenyougreetedher.PART.07与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E“may(might)+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。Mayhavedone/maynothavedone或许已经做过了某事/没做过某事

（仍然一般不用于疑问句。）Mighthavedone/mightnothavedone1.过去也许做了，过去也许没做，比maynothavedone语气更加不确定，表推测；

2.Mighthavedone过去本可能做，表虚拟。与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EIt’stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.推测Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Hemighthavemissedthetrain.推测。ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.但是我认为，你本来可能在半小时前告诉我们。虚拟Theymightnothaveregardedmeastheirfriend.推测.might的否定与完成时搭配也不表虚拟。musthaveto的用法e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EPART.01表示必须、必要e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E1．表示必须、必要e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Emust表示主观多一些，多指现在或将来的情况，指说话人的主观语气；而haveto则表示客观多一些YoumustfinishtheprojectbyFriday.mustn't意思为“不许、不准”，表示禁止。（含有绝对禁止的含义）。Youmustcomeintime.Childrenmustnotplaywithfire.Youmustn‘tplayfootballinthestreet.Youmustnotparkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.1．表示必须、必要e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6EIhavetogiveupsmoking.(可能是由于身体或其它原因等不得不戒烟）Imustgiveupsmoking.(自己觉得有必要戒烟）1．表示必须、必要e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—Yes,youmust.(No,youdon’thaveto./no,youneedn’t.)回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don'thaveto。PART.02表示“偏偏，非得要”e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E2.表示“偏偏，非得要”e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E(表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感情色彩).Mustyouwastesomuchtime?你非得浪费这么多时间么？WhymustitrainonSunday?Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegooutsidetheroom.PART.03表示强调e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E3.表示强调e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E此时常用语口语中，表示说话者坚定的态度。注意与1.的区别。Imustsay,youarelookingextremelywell.Imustadmit,Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoit.PART.04表示推测：e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E表示推测、可能e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E（疑问句不能用于此意）。表示推测，此时意为“一定是，准是”，常指有根据的，比较有把握的推测。这种用法只能用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用can/could.Thelightison,sohemustbeathome. Lookatthenewcar,hemustearnalotofmoney.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.表示推测、可能e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E“mustbe+表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。Thismustbeyourpen.这一定是你的钢笔。YoumustbeCarol,youhaven’tchangeabitafteralltheseyears.PART.05与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E“must+have+过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为：过去想必/一定/准是做了某事(一般不表示虚拟)。HemusthavebeentoShanghai.他一定去过上海。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.与完成时态连用e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E“must+have+过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。表示对过去发生的行为的推测，意为：过去想必/一定/准是做了某事(一般不表示虚拟)。HemusthavebeentoShanghai.他一定去过上海。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitemuddy.PART.06Must与have

toe7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E6．must与haveto几点不同e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Ehaveto的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但haveto有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与haveto有下列几点不同：6．must与haveto几点不同e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E(1)must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。英国英语中常用havegotto如：Theplayisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow. 这部剧没意思。我真的必须现在就走。IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage. 当我像你这么大时，我不得不工作。Ihave(got)tobeoffnow.Mymomiswaitingforme.Thelittleboyhastodolotsofhousework,forhisparentshavebeensufferingfromillness.6．must与haveto几点不同e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Emust一般只有一种形式。have则有更多的人称、数和时态变化形式（如hasto,hadto,willhaveto）。Must的否定形式为mustn’t,而

haveto的否定形式要借助助动词do的某种形式（如：don’thaveto,doesn’thaveto,didn’thaveto）。Mycousinhastopracticeviolineverynight. Ishallhavetogotherenextweek.我下星期必须去那儿。shall和shoulde7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6Eshall（shan’t）的用法：shallshould（一）shall的用法e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E&PART.01表征求意见e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E1.表征求意见e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF6844AC8D7BC66D84E1A375D7292B4D3C92710E9760418CBD08A66F9A20065CD769C6E57D7D5753DF6E（“好不好？”）用在第一、三人称。Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿（主动帮助对方，或提出建议。）或向对方请示。ShallIturnontheTVforyou?Yes,thanksalot.Youaresoconsiderate.）。Shallwebeginourlesson?Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein,sir?Shallthereporterswaitoutsideorwhat?PART.02命令、警告、允诺或威胁e7d195523061f1c066b244f4f0640bbcf3715a5d8e4c1f9c0CC89F802DB1C6DCEED83B96BD2FE003EF101F1D2A7FDAC955EBEE173D2520FDFAE65A13FA12EC6F1609809A21EAC5BB0195E08AA6A710E6248429B268CDE7E0F88F10A96895837156FB42290AC6FF