2025高中英语《增分测评卷》选择性必修1-增分测评卷-单元达标检测含答案

2025高中英语《增分测评卷》选择性必修1-增分测评卷—单元达标检测UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhathasledAmytosuccess?A.Herintelligence.B.Hereffort.C.Herluck.2.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofJulia'steacher?A.Gentle.B.Strict.C.Patient.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atagasstation.B.Inapostoffice.C.Atagrocerystore.4.Whyisthemanhappy?A.Hegotagoodevaluation.B.Hereceivedanawardforhiswork.C.Helearnedsomeinterpersonalskills.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anathlete.B.Aprize.C.Asportingevent.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Parentandchild.C.Bossandemployee.7.Whatdoesthewomanpromisetodo?A.Takecareofherhomeaffairs.B.Handinher7thpaperasquicklyaspossible.C.Turninhernextpaperonschedule.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoontheweekend?A.Buyclothes.B.Watchmovies.C.Dohomework.9.Howwillthemangettothecinema?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.10.Whatkindofmoviewillthespeakersprobablysee?A.Anactionmovie.B.Afantasymovie.C.Ahistoricalmovie.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.WhatwillTonydoafterlunch?A.Meetafriend.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Watchafootballgame.12.Whatisbannedinthecitycenternow?A.Drivingcars.B.Parkingoutside.C.Eatingonthestreet.13.WhatdoesTonythinkofthenewrules?A.Theymakelifedifficult.B.Theyhappenedtoosoon.C.Theyareanimprovement.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Whydidthewomantryaflyingexperienceday?A.Herfriendpersuadedher.B.Shedecidedtobecomeapilot.C.Sheexpectedtoseeherhousefromthesky.15.Whatdidthewoman'sinstructordoduringtheflight?A.Shesaidlittle.B.Shetoldjokes.C.Shekeptlaughing.16.Whatdidthewomansayabouttheflight?A.Itmadeherverytired.B.Itseemedtolastlong.C.Itwasworsethanexpected.17.Whichexperiencedaywouldthewomanliketotrymost?A.Sportscardriving.B.Deep-seafishing.C.Horseriding.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhoisEdward?A.Acaptain.B.Amanbuiltbyascientist.C.Achildren'sstorycharacter.19.Accordingtothespeaker,whichwasoneofDepp'smostpopularroles?A.JackSparrow.B.TheMadHatter.C.EdwardScissorhands.20.WhydoesthespeakerthinkDeppissuccessful?A.He'sbuilthisownisland.B.He'swonanAcademyAward.C.He'searnedafortuneasanactor.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AItisthattimeoftheyear,whenahandfuloftheworld'sleadingscholars,socialactivistsandresearchersarerewardedwithwhatisoftencitedasthemostprestigiousacknowledgementofhumanefforts—theNobelPrize.Here'salookatwhohaswontheprizeandforwhat.PhysiologyorMedicineSwedishgeneticistSvantePääbowonthefirstNobelPrizeoftheyear,forstartingthefieldofancientDNAstudies.Heiswell-knownforextracting,sequencing,andanalyzingancientDNAfromNeanderthalbones.PhysicsAlainAspect,JohnF.ClauserandAntonZeilinger'sworkinquantum(量子)technologylandedthemthesecondNobelPrizeannouncedin2022.AlthoughAspectisfromFrance,ClauserfromtheU.S.,andZeilingerfromAustria,thethreeseparatelyperformed“groundbreakingexperiments”asoneteam.“Theirresultshaveclearedthewayfornewtechnology,”thecommitteestated.ChemistryTheNobelPrizeinChemistrywenttoanothertrio(三人组),CarolynR.BertozzifromtheU.S.,MortenMeldalfromDenmarkandK.BarrySharplessfromtheU.S.“forthedevelopmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry,”thecommitteestated.Dr.Bertozziistheeighthwomanchemisttobeawardedtheprize,whileDr.SharplessisthefifthscientisttobeawardedtwoNobelPrizes.EconomicSciencesTheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedtothreeAmericaneconomists,BenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvig“forresearchonbanksandfinancialcrises,”theNobelPrizecommitteeannouncedonMonday.BystudyingthehistoryofAmericaneconomics,particularlytheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,theyimprovedhowweunderstandtheroleofbanksduringtimesofhardshipandthebank'simpactonsocietalfunctions.21.Whatprizeisrelatedtotheresearchonbones?A.PhysiologyorMedicine.B.Chemistry.C.Physics.D.EconomicSciences.22.ForwhatstudydidBenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvigwintheprize?A.Aboutsocietalfunctions.B.AboutthehistoryofAmerica.C.Aboutbanksandfinancialcrises.D.AbouttheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.23.Whatdotheprizesinphysics,chemistryandeconomicscienceshaveincommon?A.Theirwinnersarefromdifferentcountries.B.Theyhavethreewinners.C.Theyimprovenewtechnology.D.Theyhelppeopleunderstandhardship.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestofthethreechildrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinChemicalEngineeringandaPhDinmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthesixfull-timepeopleintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers).WorldWarⅡ(1931-1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”24.WhydidJohnvonNeumannalsolearnchemistry?A.Hisfatherdidn'ttrusthistalentformathematics.B.Hebelievedhecouldliveawealthylifelearningchemistry.C.Hisfatherworriedabouthisincomeasamathematician.D.Hehadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.25.HowoldwasJohnvonNeumannwhenhepublishedhisfirstbook?A.25.B.26.C.29.D.32.26.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D.Hewasnolongerinterestedinchemistry.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumann?A.Intelligentandhumorous.B.Smartbutindecisive.C.Braveandcalm.D.Kindandeasy-going.CTheTanzanianwriterAbdulrazakGurnah,whoseexperienceofcrossingcontinentsandculturesplaysavitalroleinhisnovelsabouttheimpactofmigration(移居)onindividualsandsocieties,wonthe2021NobelPrizeinLiterature.Bornin1948ontheislandofZanzibar,AbdulrazakGurnahneverconsideredthepossibilitythathemightonedaybeawriter.“Itneveroccurredtome,”hesaidinaninterview.“Itwasn'tsomethingyoucouldsayasyouweregrowingup.”Heassumedhewouldbecome“someonelikeanengineer”.In1964,aviolentuprising(暴动)forcedGurnahtofleetoEngland.Unhappy,poorandhomesick,hebegantowritedownthoughtsinhisdiaryandthenstoriesaboutotherpeople.Thosewritingsaswellasthehabitofwritinggaverisetohisfirstnovel,thenninemore.Inalmostallofhisworks,Gurnahhastriedtouncoverthewayinwhichcolonialism(殖民政策)haschangedeverythingintheworld,andpeoplewhoarelivingthroughitarestillprocessingthatexperienceandsomeofitswounds.“Thethingthatmotivatedthewholeexperienceofwritingformewasthisideaoflosingmyplaceintheworld,”hesaid.AndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature,calledhimoneoftheworld'smostextraordinarypost-colonialwriters.HesaiditwascrucialthatGurnah'srootsareinZanzibar,aplacethathadpeoplefromdifferentcountries,andwasinfluencedbytheircultureslongbeforeglobalization.ItisofgreatsignificanceforAfrica-bornGurnahtobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,whichhasbeenoccupiedbyEuropeanandNorthAmericanwriterssinceitwasfoundedin1901.28.WhatdowelearnaboutAbdulrazakGurnahfromParagraph2?A.Heaimedtobeawriterwhileyoung.B.Hishabitofwritingcontributedtohiscareer.C.HefledawaytoEnglandforpoliticalreasons.D.Hisearlierstoriesweremainlyabouthomesickness.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“motivated”meaninParagraph3?A.Inspired.B.Persuaded.C.Combined.D.Forecast.30.WhatisthereasonforGurnah'swinningtheNobelPrize?A.HeisaTanzanianwriter.B.Hesufferstoomuchallhislife.C.Hisrichexperienceandculturalbackgroundcount.D.Hisnovelsinvolvecolonialismandthepoorlifeofpeople.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AWorldwideNovelistRootedinTanzaniaB.TheDreamofBecomingaPost-colonialWriterC.AbdulrazakGurnahWontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureD.TheInfluenceofMigrationonIndividualsandSocietiesDKenyahasbeenattheforefrontoftheglobalwaronplasticsince2017,whenofficialsoutlawedplasticbags.In2020,thegovernmentraisedthedemandwithabanonsingle-useplastic.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumerplasticwastescontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,theunsightlyplasticgarbagemountainwillsoonbetransformedintocolorfulbricks.Thematerialengineer'ssearchforaneffectivesolutiontocontrollingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakebricks.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.ButIknewthesolutionhadtobepractical,sustainableandaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompany,GjengeMakers,nowhires112peopleandproducesover1,500bricksaday,whicharemadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcan'tbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticisobtaineddirectlyfromfactoriesorpickedbyhiredlocalsfromlandfillsandmixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,andcompressed(压缩)intobricksthatvaryincolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土的)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.MateeisrecognizedasoneoftheYoungChampionsoftheEarth2020—theUnitedNations'highestenvironmentalhonor.Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings,whichisfarfromdone.Shesays,“Themoreplasticwerecycle,themoreaffordablehousingweproduce...themoreemploymentwecreatefortheyouth.”32.WhichwordbestdescribestheKenyangovernment'smeasuresagainstplastic?A.Temporary.B.Effective.C.Fruitless.D.Unreliable.33.WhatdoweknowaboutMatee?A.Sheturnsknowledgeintoactualproducts.B.Hercompanyisfundedbythegovernment.C.Sheproducesbrick-makingmachinerybyherself.D.Herbricksaremadefromrecyclableplasticwastes.34.What'sthegreateststrengthofMatee'sresultingproduct?A.Itslowcosts.B.Itswiderangeofuse.C.Itseconomicbenefit.D.Itsenvironmentalvalue.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Matee'sachievement.B.Matee'sgreaterambition.C.MultiplechallengesMateefaces.D.Innovativesolutionstoplasticwastes.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Regardlessofhowoldyouare,whereyoulive,orwhatyourcareergoalsare,yourfinalobjectivesinlifearelikelytobehappyandsuccessful.36.Itmeansfollowingyourpassions,livingpurposefully,andenjoyingthepresentmoment.Thefollowingmayhelpyou.

Livepurposefully.Inordertoachieveyourdreamsandbethepersonyouwanttobe,youwillhavetostartpayingattentiontoyouractions.Askyourself,“IswhatI'mdoinggoingtoleadmetowhereIwanttobeinlife?”Youmayfindyourselfconstantlyboredinyourfreetime,daydreamingaboutthefutureorpastorcountingdownuntilthedayends.37.

Identifyyourpassions.Beforeyoucanachievesuccess,youwillhavetodefinewhatsuccessmeanstoyou.38.Identifyingyourpassions,interests,andvalueswillhelpyousetgoalsandgiveyourlifeasenseofmeaning.Ifyouhavetroubleidentifyingthesethings,thenaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpyou.

39.Besuretoaddressbothshort-termandlong-termgoals.Youshouldtrytothinkbeyondfinancialandcareergoals,suchasrelationshipgoals,personalgoalsforbetteringyourself,thingsyouwouldliketoexperience,orthingsyouwanttolearn.Andthen,drawupatimelinethatsayswhenyouwanttoachieveeachpart.

Sticktoyourpromises.Planningisnotsufficientanditisalsovitaltokeepyourword.Ifyoutellsomeoneyouwilldosomething,doit.Similarly,don'ttellsomeoneyouwilldosomethingifyou'renotsureyoucan.40.Don'tpromiseanyonewhatyoucan'tdo.

A.YoushouldbehonestaboutyourlimitsB.Trytosetsomelong-termgoalsandreachthemC.TherearesometipsthatcanhelpyouachieveyourgoalsD.ItmaytakeseveralyearstorealizewhatyourpassionsareE.TrytospendyourfreetimedoingthingsthatyouenjoydoingF.MakealistofyourgoalsandwhatyoumightdotoachievethemG.Tobesuccessfulmeansmorethanjusthavingmoneyandmakingyourmark36.37.38.39.40.

第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。FarmingandGardeningAgriculturehasalonghistoryinChina.Muchofthewisdom41byearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefultofarmersandgardenerstoday.OneofChina'searlyagriculturalscientistswasJiaSixie,wholivedinthesixthcenturyAD.Hespenthistimedoing42intoagriculture.Hecollectedinformation,didexperimentsandlearntfromthe43offarmers.

Around540AD,hewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Thebookisaboutbothfarmingand44.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing45:growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,andkeepinganimals.JiaSixie'sbookisapracticalguidetofarming.Firstly,asafarmeryoushoulddothingsattherighttimeofyear.Ifyousowseedsand46youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeofyear,yourworkwillbelessandthe47willbebetter.The48ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm49.Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood,youshouldimproveit.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand50weeds.Thebestharvestisreachedwhenfarmers51thecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantwheat52inthesamefield.Butifyouplantsoyainafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear,youwill53goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidthatwheatshouldbeplantedwith54betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand55thatplantingwheatclosetogetherwasbetter.

41.A.discoveredB.recoveredC.reportedD.repeated42.A.searchB.researchC.experimentD.statistics43.A.adventuresB.advantagesC.traditionD.experience44.A.nursingB.gardeningC.produceD.trade45.A.programsB.objectivesC.subjectsD.events46.A.dropB.increaseC.growD.throw47.A.dreamsB.endingsC.hopesD.results48.A.applicationB.situationC.conditionD.addition49.A.successfullyB.carefullyC.graduallyD.frequently50.A.removeB.disturbC.increaseD.reduce51.A.keepB.improveC.manageD.change52.A.oneafteranotherB.hereandthereC.nowandthenD.yearafteryear53.A.benefitB.collectC.harvestD.export54.A.holesB.linesC.spaceD.balance55.A.provedB.meantC.intendedD.decided第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhentheactionmovieWolfWarriorsⅡbrokeChina'sbox-officerecordsin2017,alessprominent(突出的)figureunexpectedlyleftastrong56(impress)ontheaudience—amilitaryscientist57(call)Dr.Chenwhodevelopedavaccine(疫苗)againstadeadlyvirusspreadingacrossAfrica.

In2015,arealmilitaryscientist,Dr.ChenWei,58(send)fromChinatoAfricatofightagainstthedeadlyEbolavirus.Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwofiguresis59therealDr.Chenisashe.

WhenSARSbrokeoutinChinain2003,Dr.Chenandherteamisolatedthevirusandidentifiedthecauseofthediseasewithoutdelay.60(luck),theeffortsdevotedbythempreventedabout14,000front-linemedicalworkersfromgettinginfected.

AfterSARS,theforward-lookingwomanshiftedherattentiontoEbola61claimedover10,000livesworldwide.In2015,sheandherteamwenttoSierraLeoneandstartedtheirsecondphaseofclinicalexperiments.Throughtrialanderror,hervaccinehasprovensafeand62(effect),andbeenwidelyadministered(给予)tostaffassignedtohelppeopleinAfrica.

Dr.Chenhasspentmuchofhertime63(fight)againstlife-threateningviruses.“Wehavenochoicebut64(win),”shesaid.Andshemade65.

56.57.58.59.60.

61.62.63.64.65.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是中学生李华,你校正在举办以“我最喜爱的农业科学家”为主题的征文活动,请你根据下面要点提示,描述你所喜欢的农业科学家,内容包括:1.谁是你最喜欢的农业科学家;2.这位科学家对人类所做的贡献;3.你的感想或希望。注意:1.词数80左右;2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。MyFavouriteAgriculturalScientistOfsomanyfamousscientistsallovertheworld,Iadmire

第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。PoorJacklosthissightattheageofsixafteracaraccident.Hewascorneredinhisdarkworld.Analreadyterriblelifelookedcompletelyhopeless.Hismothertriedtoencouragehim,butnothingshesaidcouldhelphimatall.LaterJackdidnothingbutlieinbed,sighingallday.Hismotherfeltmiserable,tellinghimtolivewithhisdisability,workhardandchangehislifeonhisown.Shesaid,“Son,sinceyouhavelostyoursightandnothingcanchangethat,youhavetoacceptit.Therearethingsyoucan'tdo.Buttherearelotsofthingsyoucando.Youhaveacreativemind.Findsomethingyouenjoyandstickwithit,nomatterwhat.”Thefuturedidn'tseemtoobrightforablindchildfromthecountryside.Butasthisyoungboythoughtabouthismother'swords,aboutwhathereallywantedtodowithhislife,hedreamedofbecomingastar.Soasachild,hewouldpracticeplayingthepianoandsingingeachdayfromthenon.Onceoneofhisclassmatesheardhimpracticingatschoolandtoldhim,“Youcan'tplaythepiano,andyoucan'tsingeither.Thesethingsaremeaninglessforyou.Youaredoomedtobealoser.”注意:续写词数应为150个左右。Thatclassmate'scommentwaslikeasharpknife,cuttingJack'sheartintopieces.

Inhislife,hereceivedcountlessawardsforhismusic.

答案与分层梯度式解析UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT1.B2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.C9.B10.B11.C12.A13.C14.C15.B16.B17.A18.B19.A20.C21.A22.C23.B24.C25.C26.B27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.C33.A34.D35.B36.G37.E38.D39.F40.A41.A42.B43.D44.B45.C46.C47.D48.C49.B50.A51.D52.D53.C54.C55.A56.impression57.called58.wassent59.that60.Luckily61.which/that62.effective63.fighting64.towin65.it第二部分阅读第一节A◎语篇解读这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。21.A细节理解题。根据第二段中“Heiswell-knownforextracting,sequencing,andanalyzingancientDNAfromNeanderthalbones.”可知,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖与骨骼研究有关。故选A。22.C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知,BenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.Diamond和PhilipH.Dybvig凭着关于银行和金融危机的研究获奖。故选C。23.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“thethreeseparatelyperformed‘groundbreakingexperiments’asoneteam”、第四段中的“TheNobelPrizeinChemistrywenttoanothertrio(三人组)”以及最后一段中的“TheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedtothreeAmericaneconomists”可知,这三个奖项的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。B◎语篇解读文章讲述了著名数学家、计算机科学家、物理学家和化学家约翰·冯·诺依曼的生平经历和取得的重大成就。24.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician”可知,因为他父亲担心他作为数学家的收入,所以冯·诺依曼也学习了化学。故选C项。25.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinChemicalEngineeringandaPhDinmathematics.”和第二段中的“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.”可知,冯·诺依曼1926年时是23岁,他出版第一本书的时候是1932年,所以那时他29岁。故选C项。26.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WorldWarⅡ(1931-1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.”和“After1940...intopractice.”可知,第二次世界大战让冯·诺依曼开始研究如何把数学应用于实践。故选B项。27.A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.”可知,他非常聪明。最后一段他在描述一次车祸时,将自己与树木之间的动与静的状态颠倒,让人忍俊不禁,由此可知他很幽默。故选A项。C◎语篇解读文章主要介绍了AbdulrazakGurnah成为作家的经历和获诺贝尔文学奖的原因。28.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的倒数第一、二句可知,他开始在日记中写下自己的想法,然后写下别人的故事。那些作品以及写作的习惯促成了他的第一部小说,随后又有了九部。由此可推知,是他的写作习惯促成了他的事业。故选B。29.A词义猜测题。失去他在这个世界上的位置的想法是他写作的动力。画线词表示“激励”,与inspired为同义表达。故选A。30.D推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,AbdulrazakGurnah获得了2021年诺贝尔文学奖,其中他的跨大陆和跨文化的经历在他的小说中发挥了至关重要的作用。此外,在倒数第二段中,诺贝尔文学奖委员会主席AndersOlsson称AbdulrazakGurnah是世界上最杰出的后殖民时代作家之一。他说,至关重要的是Gurnah的根在桑给巴尔岛,那里有来自不同国家的人,在全球化之前很久就受到了不同国家文化的影响。可知,Gurnah之所以能获得诺贝尔文学奖,主要是因为他有丰富的跨大陆和跨文化经历,受殖民主义的影响,见到了很多不同文化的人,受到了不同文化的影响,所以写的书也反映了这些东西。由此可推知,他之所以能获诺贝尔文学奖,是因为写的小说涉及了殖民主义和不同人的贫困生活。故选D。31.C主旨大意题。第一段就提到了AbdulrazakGurnah获得诺贝尔文学奖的事,下文也主要介绍了他成为作家的经历,倒数第二段诺贝尔文学奖委员会主席又对他进行了评价。由此可知C项适合作为文章标题。D◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了材料工程师NzambiMatee创造性地将难以回收处理的塑料垃圾转化成建筑用砖的情况。32.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Kenyahasbeen...single-useplastic.Unfortunately,tonsof...plasticwastescontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.”可知,肯尼亚政府虽然采取了一系列措施来应对塑料垃圾,但每天仍然有大量的塑料垃圾进入垃圾场。由此可知,肯尼亚政府应对塑料垃圾的措施是没有成效的。故选C。33.A细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知Matee成立了实验室,将塑料垃圾转化成了建筑用砖;根据第三段中的“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.”可知,Matee这样做是想把学到的知识运用到实际生活中,从而减少塑料污染。由此可知Matee把知识转化成了实际产品。故选A。34.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Theresultingproduct...thelowestqualityofplastic.”可知,Matee研制的砖非常环保,这是其最大的优点。故选D。35.B主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings,whichisfarfromdone.”和“Themoreplasticwerecycle...fortheyouth.”可知,她的目标远不止于此,她希望能做更多来更大程度地减少塑料垃圾,由此可知本段在讲述Matee的更大的目标。故选B。第二节◎语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样让生活幸福和成功给了一些建议。36.G细节句。设空处上一句提到“无论你多大年纪,住在哪里,或者你的职业目标是什么,你的人生最终目标都可能是幸福和成功”,设空处下一句提到“它意味着追随你热爱的东西、有意义地生活以及享受当下”,G项(成功不仅仅意味着有钱和成名)与上文所述话题一致,且下文与此处在意思上是顺承的。下一句中的It指的就是G项中的Tobesuccessful。故选G项。37.E细节句。本段主旨句提到“有意义地生活”,设空处上一句提到“你可能会发现自己在空闲时间里总是感到无聊,幻想着未来或过去,或者倒计时直到一天结束”,E项(试着把你的空闲时间花在做你喜欢做的事情上)符合本段主旨,且E项中的doingthingsthatyouenjoydoing与上一句中的findyourselfconstantlyboredinyourfreetime对应。故选E项。38.D细节句。本段主旨句提到“发现你热爱的东西”,D项(意识到你热爱的东西是什么可能需要几年时间)符合本段主旨,且下文谈到了发现你热爱的东西会有什么好处以及在发现这些东西时遇到困难可以做什么,故D项符合语境。39.F主旨句。由后文可知,本段主要在讲制订目标,F项(列出你的目标以及你可以做些什么来实现它们)符合语境。40.A细节句。设空处上一句提到“同样,如果你不确定自己能做什么,不要告诉别人你会做什么”,设空处后一句提到“不要向任何人承诺你不能做的事”,A项(你应该诚实地面对自己的极限)符合上下文语境。故选A项。第三部分语言运用第一节◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了我国古代科学家贾思勰对农业的研究和贡献,他的著作《齐民要术》对农业生产起到了重要的指导作用。41.Adiscover发现;recover恢复;report报道;repeat重复。根据语境可知,此处指被发现的智慧。故选A。42.Bsearch搜索;research研究;experiment实验;statistics统计数据。根据后文的“Hecollectedinformation,didexperimentsandlearntfromthe43offarmers.”可知此句是在解释说明第42空所填词的内容,结合选项可知research符合语境,doresearchintoagriculture意为“做农业研究”,与后文的内容对应。故选B。

43.Dadventure冒险;advantage优势;tradition传统;experience经验。结合选项可知experience符合语境,learnfromtheexperienceoffarmers意为“从农民们的(耕作)经验中吸取教训”。故选D。44.B由本文的标题可知,此处指这本书既有关农业,也有关园艺。nursing护理;gardening园艺;produce农产品;trade贸易。故选B。45.C该空下文介绍了这本书涉及的一些具体的主题,如种绿色的蔬菜、种果树、养动物。program项目;objective目标,目的;subject主题;event事件。故选C。46.C由空前的“sowseeds”可知此处指种植幼苗。drop使落下;increase增加;grow种植;throw扔掉。故选C。47.D由设空处所在句可知如果在一年中合适的时间播种和种幼苗就会有好收成,也就是结果会更好。dream梦想;ending结尾,结局;hope希望;result结果。故选D。48.C根据第49空后的“Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood,youshouldimproveit.”可知此处说的是土壤的状况,condition属于原词复现。故选C。situation表示“形势”,与soil不搭配;其他选项application(应用)、addition(添加物)与语境不符。49.B前句指出土壤状况也很重要,本句则说要仔细地检查土壤。successfully成功地;carefully仔细地;gradually逐渐地;frequently频繁地。故选B。50.A根据常识可知,种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草。removeweeds意为“清除杂草”。remove去除;disturb打扰;increase增加;reduce减少。故选A。51.D根据下句中的“donotplantwheat52inthesamefield”可知庄稼要轮换着种。keep保留;improve提升;manage经营;change改换,转换。故选D。

52.D由下文“Butifyouplantsoyainafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear,youwill53goodcrops.”可知,此处指不要在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼。oneafteranother一个接一个地;hereandthere到处;nowandthen时不时地;yearafteryear年复一年地。故选D。

53.C此处是说如果你在一块地里这一年种大豆,下一年种小麦,你就会有一个好的收成。harvestgoodcrops意为“有好的收成”,符合语境。benefit使受益;collect收集;harvest收割;export出口。故选C。54.C由下文“butJiadid...plantingwheatclosetogetherwa