（穆）查表法求取煤矿井下低压电网两相短路电流

山西大同大学煤炭工程学院PAGEPAGE38山西大同大学煤炭工程学院电气系穆连生副教授教案煤矿井下过流保护定值计算山西大同大学煤炭工程学院穆连生副教授编（电话：133,9352,5898）二0一四年四月本文介绍煤矿井下低压电网过流保护装置的整定计算方法.其特点有二:一是电动机的额定电流用估算的方法计取;二是短路保护灵敏度校验所需要的最小两相短路电流用查表的方法求取,不必进行繁杂的计算.这两个特点在现场使用简单、方便、快捷.一.煤矿井下过流保护定值计算1.磁力起动器过流保护定值计算一台磁力起动器控制一台电动机.如图1.图1一台磁力起动器控制一台电动机对磁力起动器(为代号;型号为QJZ-120/1140型)进行过流保护定值计算过载保护定值:(A),取90A(取接近、偏小值)--电动机额定电流,A.电动机额定电流故算:（A）-电动机额定功率，kW；-电动机额定电压，kV；-电动机的额定电流，A。电动机额定电流估算：380V系统，电动机的额定电流660V系统，1140V系统，3300V系统，6kV系统，10kV系统，电动机额定起动电流：（煤矿井下取7倍）短路保护整定值：对于JDB保护装置、ABD8电子保护装置，只调定过载定值就可以，而短路保护的定值自动跟踪为8倍过载定值。对于微电脑保护装置，短路保护调定在过载定值的8倍即可。本例为ABD8电子保护，短路定值自动跟踪为短路保灵敏度校验(通过)两相短路电流，查表求取，图2。图2一台4组合磁力起动器控制两台电动机总换算长度0.054×1470+58.5+63=201m查表12,800kVA,1200V,得换算长度200m,两相短路电流4304A;220m两相短路电流4067A,,201m处两相短路电流4304-11.85=2.馈电开关过流保护整定计算对图3馈电开关过流保护进行定值计算.图3馈电开关控制的系统图目前馈电开关保护装置均为微电脑控制装置，过流保护分为过载保护、短路保护，其定值调试分别进行.过载保护定值.取140A--由馈电开关控制的所有电动机额定电流之和,A.系数(1.05~1.2)选取,末级取小值,越靠近电源侧取值越大.短路保护定值,取80系数(1.2~1.4)选取,末级取小值,越靠近电源侧取值越大.灵敏度校验(通过)换算长度:0.017×400+31.8+355+30.1=423.7m查表13,500kVA,6/0.69kV,换算长度423.7m(420m,两相短路电流1600A,440m,两相短路电流为1536A,,3.7×3.2=11.8A,423.7m处两相短路电流为1600-11.8=1588A),3.移动变电站低压保护箱过流保护定值计算图2中,对移动变电站低压保护箱进行过流保护定值计算低压保护箱过载保护定值.取410A2#移动变电站,800kVA,6/1.2kV,,变压器的过载倍数1.06倍().即变压器过载1.06倍时,过载保护装置起动.变压器低压保护箱的过载保护也可按二次额定电流的1.0~1.15倍整定.低压保护箱短路保护定值,取12灵敏度校验(通过)总换算长度0.054×1470+58.5=138m查表12,800kVA,6/1.2kV,1200V,得换算长度120m,两相短路电流5471A;140m两相短路电流5126A,,138m处两相短路电流5126+17.254.移动变电站高压配电箱过流保护定值计算图2中,对移动变电站高压配电箱进行过流保护定值计算高压配电箱过载保护定值,取变压器一次侧额定电流,高压配电箱短路保护定值,高压配电箱短路保护灵敏度(通过)总换算长度0.054×1470=79.38m查表12,800kVA,,1200V,得换算长度80m,两相短路电流6261A高压配电箱短路保护定值也可由灵敏系数（可取2~3）、变压器二次侧短路电流等于6261A，反算出动作电流值，即(取小值)，可取400A保护装置灵敏度不够,用取的措施增大干线或支线电缆截面;缩短低压电缆线路的长度;增加移动变电站的容量;采用软起动器、采用相敏保护等新技术提高灵敏度；增设分段保护开关。5.隔爆型高压配电箱过流保护定值计算保护移动变电站(或干式变压器)年产原煤10Mt/a及以上矿井的一个综采工作面的设备,装机功率最大可达8500kW,10kV侧最大负荷电流可达,向综采工作面设备供电的移动变电站大致有3~5台,而采区变电所向工作面移动变电站供电的10kV高压电缆至少需要2根.MT818-2009标准中规定,矿用高压橡套电缆最大截面为150mm²(MYPTJ-8.7/10-3×150+3×50/3+3×2.5),允许载流量为320A.也就是说,向综采工作面供电的高压橡套电缆至少需要2根.那么,一台高压隔爆型配电箱,最多控制3台移动变电站.高压配电箱保护移动变电站(或干式变压器),过载保护定值计算原则:变压器不过载.过载保护定值(A)(1)--移动变电站额定视在功率之和,kVA;--移动变电站一次侧额定电压,kV.高压配电箱保护移动变电站(或干式变压器),短路保护定值计算原则:躲过变压器低压侧的尖峰负荷电流(主保护末端为变压器高压入口处,主保护灵敏系数取1.5;变压器内部及低压侧出线端发生短路故障时,高压隔爆配电箱来切除,作为高压配电箱的后备保护区,后备保护灵敏系数取1.2).短路(速断)保护定值(A)(2)--变压比;(1.2~1.4)—可靠性系数;--变压器低压侧,最大功率的电动机起动电流,A;--除最大功率电动机以外的其他电动机额定电流之和,A.灵敏度(1.2)(3)灵敏系数选取:主保护取1.5;后备保护取1.2.高压隔爆型配电箱保护移动变电站或变压器时的过流保护定值计算公式与移动变电站高压侧真空断路器计算公式相同,只是可靠系数选取不同,即移动变电站取小值,控制移动变电站的高压配电箱取大值,来实现选择性.隔爆型高压配电箱保护高压电动机(如井底车场中央大功率水泵等负荷)过载保护定值原则:取电动机额定电流.(A)(4)--高压电动机额定电流,A;(估算:6kV系统,电动机额定电流;10kV系统,电动机额定电流.--电动机额定功率,kW;--电动机额定电流,A).短路(速断)保护定值原则:躲过高压电动机的额定起动电流.(A)(5)(1.2~1.4)—可靠系数;--高压电动机额定起动电流,A.灵敏度校验(6)--高压电动机端子上的最小两相短路电流,A.保护高压电缆线路过流保护定值原则:躲过线路最大工作电流整定.(A)(7)--线路的最大工作电流(即尖峰电流),A;灵敏度:--保护范围末端最小两相短路电流,A.线路速断保护定值(A)(8)--线路末端最大三相短路电流,A.灵敏度:(9)--保护安装处的最小两相短路电流,A.同一短路点：;煤矿井下供电系统运行方式:煤矿井下供电系统最小运行方式(min);回路阻抗最大,短路电流最小的运行方式;煤矿井下供电系统最大运行方式(max);回路阻抗最小,短路电流最大的运行方式;采、掘工作面供电系统,移支变电站(或干式变压器)通常采用分列运行方式.所以最大和最小运行方式相同.二.查表法求取煤矿井下低压电网两相短路电流l计算短路电流的目的Ø计算两相短路电流:校验短路保护的灵敏系数。计算最大三相短路电流:校验断路器的切断能力。换算长度换算原则：电缆换算前后阻抗不变。煤矿井下低压各种截面积的动力电缆，其长度为L、截面为A，均换算成截面积为50的电缆，查表求取两相短路电流。换算长度为（10）--电缆的换算长度，即把实际截面和长度换算成标准截面为50的长度m;L--电缆的实际长度，m;-换算系数。见表1、表2.换算原则:换算前后阻抗相等。即铝芯电缆换算成铜芯电缆铝芯电缆实际长度换算成同载面铜芯电缆长度（11）--铝芯电缆换算成同载面的铜芯电缆长度;--铝芯电缆长度.表1煤矿井下1140V、660V、380V低压电缆换算系数（）额定电压等级（V)380、660、1140电缆截面A（)4610162535507095120150换算系数12.078.114.753.011.911.361.000.710.530.380.32*摘自《矿山电工学》（修订本）赖昌干，煤炭工业出版社，2012年3月第1版，P58，表2-8表2煤矿井下3300V低压电缆换算系数（）额定电压等级（V)3300电缆截面A（)2535507095120150换算系数1.9781.4181.0000.7230.5450.4430.369查表法计算煤矿井下两相短路电流的步骤在供电系统图中选定短路计算点；利用公式（10）计算短路点至变压器二次侧各段电缆的换算长度计算总换算长度。即（12）-短路点至电源的全部电缆总换算长度,m;-电源系统电抗的换算长度,m（查表3）;-高压电缆（6kＶ，10kV）换算系数（查表4，表5）；{高压电缆折算至低压侧的原则：阻抗相等折算前的阻抗为：,，为高压电缆每千米长的电阻、电抗值，。高压电缆的计算长度，km折算至低压侧,的阻抗为：截面为50的阻抗为,折算系数为:}-高压电缆实际上长度,m;-变压器二次侧各段电缆换算长度m.电缆的换算长度可查表求取.根据变压器容量、、二次侧电压等级、电缆的总换算长度,查表求得两相短路电流。隔爆型移动变电站干式变压器技术参数：短路损耗、短路电压百分数，是产品出厂检验的实测值，各生产厂家的产品有所不同。但是，站在工程的角度上看，差不多。表8~表11中移动变电站的技术参数取自GB8286-2005《矿用隔爆型移动变电站》。表3电源系统电抗的换算长度（）系统容量（MV.A）25304050100额定电压（V)40014.111.78.87.03.5166041.834.926.120.910.461140126.5105.479.163.331.63*摘自《矿山电工学》（修订本）赖昌干，煤炭工业出版社，2012年3月第1版，P61，表2-11表4高压6kV电缆换算到低压侧电缆长度的换算系数（）电缆芯线材料铜芯（6kV铜芯电缆,换算至50对应电压等级下的换算系数）铝芯（6kV铝芯电缆,换算至铜芯50对应电压等级下的换算系数）额定电压（V)380660114038066011406kV电缆截面积（）100.0190.0580.1710.0320.0970.286160.0120.0260.1080.0200.0610.183250.0880.0230.0720.0130.0390.115350.0060.0170.0540.0090.0280.084500.0040.0120.0360.0060.0200.051700.0030.0080.0270.0050.0140.045950.0020.0060.0180.0040.0110.036*摘自《矿山电工学》（修订本）赖昌干，煤炭工业出版社，2012年3月第1版，P62，表2-12表5矿用高压10kV电缆换算到低压侧电缆长度的换算系数（）电缆芯线材料铜芯（10kV铜芯电缆,换算至50对应电压等级下的换算系数）额定电压（V)38066011403300矿用10kV铜芯电缆,截面积（）160.00420.01260.03750.3144250.00270.00810.02410.2017350.00190.00580.01730.1447500.00140.00410.01220.1022700.0010.0030.00890.0742950.00070.00230.00670.05621200.00060.00180.00550.0461500.00050.00150.00460.0385表6电网电压1140V、660V、380V时矿用电缆不同芯线截面的换算长度（m）电缆截面(mm²)4610162535507095120150换算系数电缆实际长度(m)12.078.114.753.011.911.361.000.710.530.380.3210120.781.147.530.119.113.6107.15.33.83.220241.4162.29560.238.227.22014.210.6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01.814111.482655237.43323.42366.417401235.4922.2661.2556.8175021122.514192.58312.55267.53342.5238017501242.5927.5665560176021243.214273.683605297.63361.62393.617601249.6932.8668.8563.2177021363.914354.78407.55327.73380.72407.217701256.7938.1672.6566.4178021484.614435.884555357.83399.82420.817801263.8943.4676.4569.6179021605.314516.98502.55387.93418.92434.417901270.9948.7680.2572.818002172614598855054183438244818001278954684576181021846.714679.18597.55448.13457.12461.618101285.1959.3687.8579.2182021967.414760.286455478.23476.22475.218201292.2964.6691.6582.4183022088.114841.38692.55508.33495.32488.818301299.3969.9695.4585.6184022208.814922.487405538.43514.42502.418401306.4975.2699.2588.8185022329.515003.58787.55568.53533.5251618501313.5980.5703592186022450.215084.688355598.63552.62529.618601320.6985.8706.8595.2187022570.915165.78882.55628.73571.72543.218701327.7991.1710.6598.4188022691.615246.889305658.83590.82556.818801334.8996.4714.4601.6189022812.315327.98977.55688.93609.92570.418901341.91001.7718.2604.8190022933154099025571936292584190013491007722608191023053.715490.19072.55749.13648.12597.619101356.11012.3725.8611.2192023174.415571.291205779.23667.22611.219201363.21017.6729.6614.4193023295.115652.39167.55809.33686.32624.819301370.31022.9733.4617.6194023415.815733.492155839.43705.42638.419401377.41028.2737.2620.8195023536.515814.59262.55869.53724.5265219501384.51033.5741624196023657.215895.693105899.63743.62665.619601391.61038.8744.8627.2197023777.915976.79357.55929.73762.72679.219701398.71044.1748.6630.4198023898.616057.894055959.83781.82692.819801405.81049.4752.4633.6199024019.316138.99452.55989.93800.92706.419901412.91054.7756.2636.8200024140162209500602038202720200014201060760640表7电网电压3300V时矿用电缆不同芯线截面的换算长度（m）电缆截面(mm²)2535507095120150换算系数电缆实际长度(m)1.9781.4181.0000.7230.5450.4430.3691019.7814.18107.235.454.433.692039.5628.362014.4610.98.867.383059.3442.543021.6916.3513.2911.074079.1256.724028.9221.817.7214.765098.970.95036.1527.2522.1518.4560118.6885.086043.3832.726.5822.1470138.4699.267050.6138.1531.0125.8380158.24113.448057.8443.635.4429.5290178.02127.629065.0749.0539.8733.21100197.8141.810072.354.544.336.9110217.58155.9811079.5359.9548.7340.59120237.36170.1612086.7665.453.1644.28130257.14184.3413093.9970.8557.5947.97140276.92198.52140101.2276.362.0251.66150296.7212.7150108.4581.7566.4555.35160316.48226.88160115.6887.270.8859.04170336.26241.06170122.9192.6575.3162.73180356.04255.24180130.1498.179.7466.42190375.82269.42190137.37103.5584.1770.11200395.6283.6200144.610988.673.8210415.38297.78210151.83114.4593.0377.49220435.16311.96220159.06119.997.4681.18230454.94326.14230166.29125.35101.8984.87240474.72340.32240173.52130.8106.3288.56250494.5354.5250180.75136.25110.7592.25260514.28368.68260187.98141.7115.1895.94270534.06382.86270195.21147.15119.6199.63280553.84397.04280202.44152.6124.04103.32290573.62411.22290209.67158.05128.47107.01300593.4425.4300216.9163.5132.9110.7310613.18439.58310224.13168.95137.33114.39320632.96453.76320231.36174.4141.76118.08330652.74467.94330238.59179.85146.19121.77340672.52482.12340245.82185.3150.62125.46350692.3496.3350253.05190.75155.05129.15360712.08510.48360260.28196.2159.48132.84370731.86524.66370267.51201.65163.91136.53380751.64538.84380274.74207.1168.34140.22390771.42553.02390281.97212.55172.77143.91400791.2567.2400289.2218177.2147.6410810.98581.38410296.43223.45181.63151.29420830.76595.56420303.66228.9186.06154.98430850.54609.74430310.89234.35190.49158.67440870.32623.92440318.12239.8194.92162.36450890.1638.1450325.35245.25199.35166.05460909.88652.28460332.58250.7203.78169.74470929.66666.46470339.81256.15208.21173.43480949.44680.64480347.04261.6212.64177.12490969.22694.82490354.27267.05217.07180.81500989709500361.5272.5221.5184.55101008.78723.18510368.73277.95225.93188.195201028.56737.36520375.96283.4230.36191.885301048.34751.54530383.19288.85234.79195.575401068.12765.72540390.42294.3239.22199.265501087.9779.9550397.65299.75243.65202.955601107.68794.08560404.88305.2248.08206.645701127.46808.26570412.11310.65252.51210.335801147.24822.44580419.34316.1256.94214.025901167.02836.62590426.57321.55261.37217.716001186.8850.8600433.8327265.8221.46101206.58864.98610441.03332.45270.23225.096201226.36879.16620448.26337.9274.66228.786301246.14893.34630455.49343.35279.09232.476401265.92907.52640462.72348.8283.52236.166501285.7921.7650469.95354.25287.95239.856601305.48935.88660477.18359.7292.38243.546701325.26950.06670484.41365.15296.81247.236801345.04964.24680491.64370.6301.24250.926901364.82978.42690498.87376.05305.67254.617001384.6992.6700506.1381.5310.1258.37101404.381006.78710513.33386.95314.53261.997201424.161020.96720520.56392.4318.96265.687301443.941035.14730527.79397.85323.39269.377401463.721049.32740535.02403.3327.82273.067501483.51063.5750542.25408.75332.25276.757601503.281077.68760549.48414.2336.68280.447701523.061091.86770556.71419.65341.11284.137801542.841106.04780563.94425.1345.54287.827901562.621120.22790571.17430.55349.97291.518001582.41134.4800578.4436354.4295.28101602.181148.58810585.63441.45358.83298.898201621.961162.76820592.86446.9363.26302.588301641.741176.94830600.09452.35367.69306.278401661.521191.12840607.32457.8372.12309.968501681.31205.3850614.55463.25376.55313.658601701.081219.48860621.78468.7380.98317.348701720.861233.66870629.01474.15385.41321.038801740.641247.84880636.24479.6389.84324.728901760.421262.02890643.47485.05394.27328.419001780.21276.2900650.7490.5398.7332.19101799.981290.38910657.93495.95403.13335.799201819.761304.56920665.16501.4407.56339.489301839.541318.74930672.39506.85411.99343.179401859.321332.92940679.62512.3416.42346.869501879.11347.1950686.85517.75420.85350.559601898.881361.28960694.08523.2425.28354.249701918.661375.46970701.31528.65429.71357.939801938.441389.64980708.54534.1434.14361.629901958.221403.82990715.77539.55438.57365.31100019781418100072354544336910101997.781432.181010730.23550.45447.43372.6910202017.561446.361020737.46555.9451.86376.3810302037.341460.541030744.69561.35456.29380.0710402057.121474.721040751.92566.8460.72383.7610502076.91488.91050759.15572.25465.15387.4510602096.681503.081060766.38577.7469.58391.1410702116.461517.261070773.61583.15474.01394.8310802136.241531.441080780.84588.6478.44398.5210902156.021545.621090788.07594.05482.87402.2111002175.81559.81100795.3599.5487.3405.911102195.581573.981110802.53604.95491.73409.5911202215.361588.161120809.76610.4496.16413.2811302235.141602.341130816.99615.85500.59416.9711402254.921616.521140824.22621.3505.02420.6611502274.71630.71150831.45626.75509.45424.3511602294.481644.881160838.68632.2513.88428.0411702314.261659.061170845.91637.65518.31431.7311802334.041673.241180853.14643.1522.74435.4211902353.821687.421190860.37648.55527.17439.1112002373.61701.61200867.6654531.6442.812102393.381715.781210874.83659.45536.03446.4912202413.161729.961220882.06664.9540.46450.1812302432.941744.141230889.29670.35544.89453.8712402452.721758.321240896.52675.8549.32457.5612502472.51772.51250903.75681.25553.75461.2512602492.281786.681260910.98686.7558.18464.9412702512.061800.861270918.21692.15562.61468.6312802531.841815.041280925.44697.6567.04472.3212902551.621829.221290932.67703.05571.47476.0113002571.41843.41300939.9708.5575.9479.713102591.181857.581310947.13713.95580.33483.3913202610.961871.761320954.36719.4584.76487.0813302630.741885.941330961.59724.85589.19490.7713402650.521900.121340968.82730.3593.62494.4613502670.31914.31350976.05735.75598.05498.1513602690.081928.481360983.28741.2602.48501.8413702709.861942.661370990.51746.65606.91505.5313802729.641956.841380997.74752.1611.34509.2213902749.421971.0213901004.97757.55615.77512.9114002769.21985.214001012.2763620.2516.614102788.981999.3814101019.43768.45624.63520.2914202808.762013.5614201026.66773.9629.06523.9814302828.542027.7414301033.89779.35633.49527.6714402848.322041.9214401041.12784.8637.92531.3614502868.12056.114501048.35790.25642.35535.0514602887.882070.2814601055.58795.7646.78538.7414702907.662084.4614701062.81801.15651.21542.4314802927.442098.6414801070.04806.6655.64546.1214902947.222112.8214901077.27812.05660.07549.8115002967212715001084.5817.5664.5553.515102986.782141.1815101091.73822.95668.93557.1915203006.562155.3615201098.96828.4673.36560.8815303026.342169.5415301106.19833.85677.79564.5715403046.122183.7215401113.42839.3682.22568.2615503065.92197.915501120.65844.75686.65571.9515603085.682212.0815601127.88850.2691.08575.6415703105.462226.2615701135.11855.65695.51579.3315803125.242240.4415801142.34861.1699.94583.0215903145.022254.6215901149.57866.55704.37586.7116003164.82268.816001156.8872708.8590.416103184.582282.9816101164.03877.45713.23594.0916203204.362297.1616201171.26882.9717.66597.7816303224.142311.3416301178.49888.35722.09601.4716403243.922325.5216401185.72893.8726.52605.1616503263.72339.716501192.95899.25730.95608.8516603283.482353.8816601200.18904.7735.38612.5416703303.262368.0616701207.41910.15739.81616.2316803323.042382.2416801214.64915.6744.24619.9216903342.822396.4216901221.87921.05748.67623.6117003362.62410.617001229.1926.5753.1627.317203402.162438.9617201243.56937.4761.96634.6817303421.942453.1417301250.79942.85766.39638.3717403441.722467.3217401258.02948.3770.82642.0617503461.52481.517501265.25953.75775.25645.7517603481.282495.6817601272.48959.2779.68649.4417703501.062509.8617701279.71964.65784.11653.1317803520.842524.0417801286.94970.1788.54656.8217903540.622538.2217901294.17975.55792.97660.5118003560.42552.418001301.4981797.4664.218103580.182566.5818101308.63986.45801.83667.8918203599.962580.7618201315.86991.9806.26671.5818303619.742594.9418301323.09997.35810.69675.2718403639.522609.1218401330.321002.8815.12678.9618503659.32623.318501337.551008.25819.55682.6518603679.082637.4818601344.781013.7823.98686.3418703698.862651.6618701352.011019.15828.41690.0318803718.642665.8418801359.241024.6832.84693.7218903738.422680.0218901366.471030.05837.27697.4119003758.22694.219001373.71035.5841.7701.119103777.982708.3819101380.931040.95846.13704.7919203797.762722.5619201388.161046.4850.56708.4819303817.542736.7419301395.391051.85854.99712.1719403837.322750.9219401402.621057.3859.42715.8619503857.12765.119501409.851062.75863.85719.5519603876.882779.2819601417.081068.2868.28723.2419703896.662793.4619701424.311073.65872.71726.9319803916.442807.6419801431.541079.1877.14730.6219903936.222821.8219901438.771084.55881.57734.31200039562836200014461090886738表8KSGZY型移动变电站10/1.2kV,二次额定电压为1200V系统两相短路电流（A）电缆换算长度(m)移动变电站干式变压器额定容量(kVA)3154005006308001000125016002000250003241410451126412808089701109612732156711766720317339934938613176138399101781151813740151784031023877475558377132781392671033111966129766030293758456955426664724684229260104641118180295536394383525462206715766683299229974910028803520420249785809623070037531821686061202806340240264717543357916424685173837682140273332883857447350915