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2015年Text1
1---①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon'tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.“②But
embarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimto
eathiswordsandstanddown.
③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?④Doesthatmeanthewritingison
thewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?
2…①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothfbrandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionis
particularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”
politicsand“embody“aspiritofnationalunity.
3一①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs,continuingpopularityasheadsof
state.②Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10
kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).
(3)ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausethey
allowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
4一一©Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.©Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimto
be,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensible
privilegesandinequalities.
(3)AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasing
powerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartof
moderndemocraticstates.
5--@Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesand
princesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).
(3)Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesit
increasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.
6一©WhileEurope\monarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthe
BritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.
7--©ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)
grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandapretty
hierarchicalviewoftheworld.
③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-as
non-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.©CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itis
kings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.
21、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan.
[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals
[BJusedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport
[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[D]endedhisregininembarrassment
22、MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropeanmostly.
[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?
[A]Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.
[BJTheroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies.
[CJThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.
[D]Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges.
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear“becauseCharles.
[A]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.
[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.
[D]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[BJCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[CJCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs
[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats
2015年Text2
1---@JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsider
whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawanantifthephoneisonorarounda
personduringanarrest.
2-©Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheold
assumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itis
hard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
3一①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplications
arediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyers
anddefendants.
4--①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone
—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation-issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect'spurse.
②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletor
pocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisor
herhome.
④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryand
comprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,meanwhile,has
madethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.
5-一©Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationon
thesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.
©CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution's
prohibitiononunreasonablesearches.
6一©Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn'teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,
itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.
③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,and
theycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingfora
warrant.
@Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomore
freedom.
7--①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnology
sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.
③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcentury
withtheestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecify
novelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourth
Amendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.TheSupremecourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto.
[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents
[B]searchforsuspects,mobilephoneswithoutawarrant
[CJchecksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized
[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones
27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof.
[A]disapproval[B]indifference[C]tolerance[D]cautiousness
28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto.
[A]goingthroughone'swallet
[B]handlingone'shistoricalrecords
[CJscanningone'scorrespondences
[D]gettingintoone'sresidence
29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat.
[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed
[BJthecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction
[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation
[D]citizens,privacyisnoteffectiveprotected
30.OrinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat.
[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly
[B]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered
©California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution
[DJnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution
2015年Text3
1一-@ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,
editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.
②Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindata
analysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.
2---①uReadersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjoumal,,,writesMcNuttinan
editorial.©WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoa
statisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).
©Manuscriptswillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexisting
BoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.@TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternal
statisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.
3-・・©Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe
'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisin
scientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.^^
4一①GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoRE
group,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”
②Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,
uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.
③ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroup
ofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience."
5一©Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodologyatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,says
thatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward"and"longoverdue^^.@44Mostjournalsareweakinstatistical
review,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.
③Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpert
review,“hesays.@ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournalof
theAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.
6一©Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalysedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarmingly
commoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.
©Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewroteinNaturein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakea
tougherline,t4engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess95.
③VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatit
reliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutiny,inthefirstplace”.
31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat.
[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.
[BJjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.
[CJfewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.
[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.
32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto
[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored
33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay
[A]poseathreattoallitspeers
[B]meetwithstrongopposition
[C]increaseScience'scirculation.
[D]setanexampleforotherjournals
34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow.
[A]addstoresearchers1workload.
IB]diminishestheroleofreviewers.
[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.
[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers
[BJProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect
[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors5Desks
[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience
2015年Text4
1…①Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe"unsettlingdearthofintegrityacross
somanyofourinstitutions^^.
©Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism^^in
societyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.③But“it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywe
want,notprofit
2…①Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofa
morallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsfor
capitalismandfreedom.
②ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,
makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.
3--①Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,
forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-
thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.
©Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.③Thisishackingonanindustrial
scale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepoint
personforphonehacking.©Othersawaittrial.⑤Thissagastillunfolds.
4…①Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehacking
butthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.
②OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,
howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredwowthestoriesarrived.③Thecoreofher
successfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.
5--©Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountablefbrwhat
happensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.©Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.
(3)Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.④
Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,
sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.
©Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.
6■一©ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasn
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