2015年考研英语阅读手译本

2015年Text1

1---①KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon'tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.“②But

embarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimto

eathiswordsandstanddown.

③So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?④Doesthatmeanthewritingison

thewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?

2…①TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothfbrandagainstmonarchy.②Whenpublicopinionis

particularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”

politicsand“embody“aspiritofnationalunity.

3一①Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs,continuingpopularityasheadsof

state.②Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10

kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).

(3)ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausethey

allowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

4一一©Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.©Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimto

be,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensible

privilegesandinequalities.

(3)AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasing

powerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartof

moderndemocraticstates.

5--@Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.②Princesand

princesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).

(3)Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesit

increasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

6一©WhileEurope\monarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itisthe

BritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

7--©ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)

grannystyle.②ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandapretty

hierarchicalviewoftheworld.

③Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-as

non-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.©CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itis

kings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.

21、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,kingJuanCarlofspan.

[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

[BJusedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

[D]endedhisregininembarrassment

22、MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropeanmostly.

[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[BJTheroleofthenobilityinmodemdemocracies.

[CJThesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[D]Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear“becauseCharles.

[A]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[BJCharles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[CJCarlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

2015年Text2

1---@JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?②TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsider

whetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawanantifthephoneisonorarounda

personduringanarrest.

2-©Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheold

assumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.②Itis

hard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

3一①ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.②Enoughoftheimplications

arediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyers

anddefendants.

4--①TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone

—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation-issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect'spurse.

②Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletor

pocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.③Butexploringone'ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisor

herhome.

④Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryand

comprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.⑤Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,meanwhile,has

madethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

5-一©Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.②Butkeepingsensitiveinformationon

thesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.

©CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution's

prohibitiononunreasonablesearches.

6一©Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn'teasethechallengeofline-drawing.②Inmanycases,

itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.

③TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,and

theycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingfora

warrant.

@Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomore

freedom.

7--①ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.②New,disruptivetechnology

sometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.

③OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcentury

withtheestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecify

novelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourth

Amendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto.

[A]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents

[B]searchforsuspects,mobilephoneswithoutawarrant

[CJchecksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones

27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof.

[A]disapproval[B]indifference[C]tolerance[D]cautiousness

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentiscomparableto.

[A]goingthroughone'swallet

[B]handlingone'shistoricalrecords

[CJscanningone'scorrespondences

[D]gettingintoone'sresidence

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat.

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed

[BJthecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation

[D]citizens,privacyisnoteffectiveprotected

30.OrinKerr'scomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat.

[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly

[B]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered

©California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution

[DJnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

2015年Text3

1一-@ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,

editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.

②Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindata

analysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

2---①uReadersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjoumal,,,writesMcNuttinan

editorial.©WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoa

statisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).

©Manuscriptswillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexisting

BoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.@TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternal

statisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

3-・・©Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe

'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisin

scientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.^^

4一①GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoRE

group,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”

②Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,

uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.

③ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroup

ofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience."

5一©Johnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodologyatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,says

thatthepolicyis“amostwelcomestepforward"and"longoverdue^^.@44Mostjournalsareweakinstatistical

review,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.

③Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpert

review,“hesays.@ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournalof

theAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

6一©Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalysedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarmingly

commoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.

©Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewroteinNaturein2012,butjournalsshouldalsotakea

tougherline,t4engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess95.

③VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians“hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatit

reliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutiny,inthefirstplace”.

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat.

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[BJjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[CJfewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience'scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow.

[A]addstoresearchers1workload.

IB]diminishestheroleofreviewers.

[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

[BJProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors5Desks

[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

2015年Text4

1…①Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe"unsettlingdearthofintegrityacross

somanyofourinstitutions^^.

©Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism^^in

societyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.③But“it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywe

want,notprofit

2…①Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofa

morallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsfor

capitalismandfreedom.

②ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,

makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

3--①Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,

forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge-

thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.

©Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.③Thisishackingonanindustrial

scale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepoint

personforphonehacking.©Othersawaittrial.⑤Thissagastillunfolds.

4…①Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehacking

butthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.

②OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,

howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredwowthestoriesarrived.③Thecoreofher

successfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.

5--©Intoday'sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountablefbrwhat

happensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.©Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.

(3)Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.④

Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,

sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.

©Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

6■一©ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasn