《医学微生物学》教学大纲

《医学微生物学》教学大纲Syllabus

Syllabusof《MedicalMicrobiology》

Chapter1Overview

[Requirement]

1.Masterthedefinitionofprokaryotes

2.Understandprokaryoticcommunities

[Classhour:0.5hours]

[Content]

1.Prokaryotes

2.Prokaryoticcommunities

Chapter2MorphologyandStructureandPhysiologyofBacteria

[Requirement]

1.Masterthesuperficialstructureofbacteria.

2.Masterthespecialstructureofbacteriaandtheirfunctions.

3.Masterthefollowingconcepts:

(1)plasmid(2)flagellum(3)pillus(4)capsule(5)spore

(6)L-formbacterium(7)lipopolysaccharide(LPS)

1.Understandthesizeandshapeofbacteria.

1.Understandthegrowthcurveofbacteria

[Classhour:3.5hours]

[Content]

1.SizeandShapeofbacteria

2.BasicBacterialStructure

1.cellwall:structure,chemicalcompositionandfunction,Bacteria

L-Forms

2.Cellmembrane:mesosome,function

3.Cytoplasm:plasmid

1.Superficiallayerandspecificstructure:flagellum,pillus,capsule,spore

1.Thegrowthandreplicationofbacteria

1.Thegrowthconditionofbacteria

1.thegrowthcurveofbacteria

1.Theanabolicmetabolicproductsofbacteria

Chapter3GeneticsandVariation

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecharacterizationofplasmid.

2.Masterthemechanismofmutationandgenetransferofbacteria

3.Mastertheinterrelationbetweenphageandbacteria

4.Understandthe.size,shapeandstructureofphage

[Classhour:3hours]

[Content]

I.variationexamples.

II.Geneticsubstance:chromosome;Plasmid;bacteriophage

III.Bacteriophage

1.biologicalproperties

2.Interrelationbetweenphageandbacteria:Virulentphage;lysogenic

phage;transposon

IV.Mechanismofbacterialvariation

1.Mutation

2.genetictransferandrecombination:

transformation;transduction;conjuqation;lysogenicconversion;

protoplastfusion

Chapter4BacterialInfection

[Requirement]

1.Masterthemechanismofbacterialvirulence

2.Masterthetoxinsofbacteria

3.Masterthefollowingconcepts:

pyemia;endotoxemia;septicemia;bacteremia;horizontaltransmission;

verticaltransmission

1.UnderstandtheclassificationofIFNandtheproductionofIFN.

[Classhour:1.5hours]

[Content]

1.BacterialPathogenesismechanism:adhesion,invasion,Penetrationand

spread

2.Toxin:differenceofExotoxinandEndotoxin

3.Occuranceanddevelopmentofbacterialinfection

1.Originofinfection

2.Themodeofinfection

3.Thetypeandoutcomeofinfection:toxemia;pyemia;endotoxemia;

septicemia;bacteremia

Chapter5BacterialImmunity

[Requirement]

1.Mastertheimmunizationfeatureofanti-extracellularbacteriaandanti-

intracellularbacteria

2.MastertheclassificationofIFNandtheproductionofIFN.

3.UnderstandthecompositionofNon-specific

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

I.Non-specificorinnateimmunity

1.Anatomicalbarriers

2.Phagocyticcells

3.NKcells

4.Secretorymolecules

II.Specificoradaptiveimmunity.

III.Anti-extracellularbacteriaandanti-extracellularbacteria

IV.ConceptandclassificationofIFNs:

Chapter6Principlesofdiagnosisandpreventionofbacterial

infection

[Requirement]

Understandtheexaminationmethodsofbacteriainfection.

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

TheExaminationofBacterialInfection:

1.collectionanddeliveingrprincipleofspecimen

2.checkroutineofpathogenicbacteria:Microscopyandstains;isolation

andidentification;appreciation

Chapter7Coccus

[Requirement]

1.Masterthediseases,pathogenesisandclinicalfindingsof

StaphylococcusandStreptococcus.

2.MastertheimportanttoxinsandenzymesproducedbyS.aureusand

groupAstreptococcus.

3.Masterthethreehemolytictypesofstreptococcus.

4.Masterthefollowingconcepts:(1)Coagulase(2)SPA(3)Mprotein(4)

Streptolysin

(5)poststreptococcaldiseases

1.Understandtheimportantproperties,transmission,laboratory

diagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofstaphylococcusand

streptococcus.

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

I.Staphylococcus

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;

Classsification(S.aureus;S.epidermidis;Ssaprophyticus);Antigenic

structure(SPA):resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Pathogenicsubstances:SPA;Coagulase;Staphylolysin;Leukocidin;

Enterotoxin;Toxicshocksyndrometoxin-1;Epidermolytictoxin

2.)disease:purulentinfection;toxindiseases

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:novaccine

II.Streptococcus

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;Classsification(a

-hemolyticstreptococcus;|3-hemolyticstreptococcus;y-streptococcus);

Antigenicstructure(M-protein):resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Pathogenicsubstances:LTA;M-protein;Hyaluronidase;Streptokinase;

Streptodornase;TStreptolysin;Erythrogenictoxin

2)disease:purulentinfection;toxindisease;hypersensitivedisease

3..Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

III.Pneumococcus

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;Classsification;

resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Pathogenicsubstances:capsule;

2)disease:pneumonia,bacteraemia;meningtis

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4..PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

IV.Neisseria

1.Commonbiologicalcharacteristics:Gramnegativecocci,chocolate

bloodagar;veryweakresistance

2.Neisseriameningitidis

1)Pathogenicfactor:endotoxin

2)disease:epidemiccerebrospinalmeningitis

3)transmission

4).treatment

5)prevention:vaccine

3.Neisseriagonorrhoeae

1)Pathogenicfactor:pill

2.disease:Gonorrhea

3)transmission:sexuallytransmitte

4)treatment:

5)prevention:vaccine

Chapter8EntericBacilliandVibrio

[Requirement]

1.MasterthecommonpropertiesofEntericBacilliandvibrio.

2.MasterthepathogenesisofEscherichia,SalmonellaandShigella.

3.Masterthefollowingconcepts:Colonizationfactors;.LT;.ST;Viantigen

4.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesofEscherichia,Salmonellaand

Shigella.

5.MasterthepathogenesisofV.cholera.

6.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesofV.cholera.

[Classhour:4hours]

[Content]

I.Escherichia

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;Classsification;

Antigenicstructure(heOantigen,theHantigen,theKantigen):

resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

l)Therelationofenterotoxinanddisease

2)mechanismofLTandST

3)ThefeatureoffivetypesE.coli(ETEC,EIEC,EHEQEPECEAEC)in

intestinaltractinfection

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:novaccine

II.Shigella

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;Classsification;

Antigenicstructure:resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Pathogenicsubstances:

2)disease:bacillarydysentery

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

III.Salmonella

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;Classsification;

resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Immunityfeature;

2)infectfeatureoftyphoidandparatyphoid

3.Widaltest:Definition;Cautionduringinterpretingtheresults

4..PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

IV.VibrioCholerae

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;two

biotype(classicbiotype,ElTorbiotype);resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

1)Pathogenicsubstances:Vibriocholeraeenterotoxin

2)pathogenesisofVibrioCholerae

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

V.Vibrio.Parahaemolyticus

1.Biologicalcharacter:size;staining;biochemicalevent;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

Chapter9Anaerobicbacteria

[Requirement]

1.MastertheclassificationofAnaerobicbacteria.

2.MasterthepathogenesisofClostridiumtetani,Clostridiumwelchiiand

Clostridiumbotulinum.

3.MasterthedifferenceoninfectionbetweenSpore-forminganaerobes

andnon-spore-forminganaerobes

4.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesandcontrolofClostridiumtetani,

ClostridiumwelchiiandClostridiumbotulinum

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

l.classification:Spore-forminganaerobes—Clostridium(G+bacilli)

Non-spore-forminganaerobes--polymorphic

2.biologicalcharacteristics:obligateanaerobic

3.pathogenicity—pathogenicfactor:condition;tetanpspasmin

(neurotoxin);phathogenesis:mechanism

4.immunity:Activeimmunization:toxoidDPT

Passiveimmunization:TAT

5.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods)

6.prevention

7.treatment

Chapter10CorynebacteriumandMycobacteria

[Requirement]

1.Masterthebiologicalproperties,pathogenicityandimmunityof

CorynebacteriumandMycobacteria

2.MasterthepathogenicityofCorynebacteriumdophtheria.

3.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesofCorynebacteriumdophtheria.

[Classhour:3.5hours]

[Content]

I.M.tuberculosis

1.importantcharacteristics:Morphology;culture

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor:Lipidcontentsofthecellwall

Disease--tuberculosis

3.immunity:CMI;PPDskintest;hypersensitivity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods):acid-faststain

5.preventionandtreatment:vaccine—BCG

II.C.diphtheriae

1.importantcharacteristics:Morphology;culture

2.pathogenicity—pathogenicfactor:Diphtheriatoxin

Disease—tuberculosis:diphtheria

1.laboratorydiagnosi

1.preventionandtreatment:diphtheriaantitoxin

Chapter11Zoonosesbacteria

[Requirement]

1.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesofYersiniapestisandBacillus

anthracis.

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

I.Yersiniapesti

1.Biologicalcharacter:

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

II.Bacillusanthracis

1.Biologicalcharacter:

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

Chapter12ActinomycesActinomyces

[Requirement]

1.UnderstandthebiologicalpropertiesofActinomycesActinomyces.

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.biologicalcharacteristics:Filamentousprokaryoticmicrobes

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor

3.immunity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods):Sulfurgranule

6.prevention

7.treatment

Chapter13Spirochetes

[Requirement]

1.MasterthecommoncharacteristicsofSpirochetes

2.MasterthediseasecausedbySpirochetes

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.commonbiologicalcharacteristics:situsisbetweenbacteriumand

protozoa

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor

phathogenesis:disease—syphilisandLeptospirosis

3.immunity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods)

5.prevention

6.treatment

Chapter14Chlamydiae

[Requirement]

1.MasterthecommoncharacteristicsofChlamydiae

2.MasterthediseasescausedbyChlamydiae

3.Masterthefollowingconcepts:Elementarybody,Initial

body,inclusionbody

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.commonbiologicalcharacteristics:situsbetweenbacteriumandvirus;

uniquelifecycle

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor

phathogenesis:disease

3.immunity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods)

5.prevention

6.treatment

Chapter15Mycoplasmas

[Requirement]

1.MasterthecommoncharacteristicsofMycoplasma

2.MasterthediseasecausedbyMycoplasma

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.commonbiologicalcharacteristics:non-cellwall;specialcellmembrane

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor

phathogenesis:disease

3.immunity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods)

5.prevention

6.treatment

Chapter16Rickettsiae

[Requirement]

1.MasterthecommoncharacteristicsofRickettsiae

2.MasterthediseasecausedbyRickettsiaeandthetransmittedway

3.Masterthefollowingconcepts:Weil-Felixreaction

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.commonbiologicalcharacteristics:situsbetweenbacteriumandvirus

2.pathogenicity--pathogenicfactor

pathogenesis:transmittedway

3.immunity

4.laboratorydiagnosis(bacteriologicalmethods):Weil-Felixreaction

5.prevention

6.treatment

Chapter17Generalpropertiesofviruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthesizeandshapeofviruses.

2.Masterthespecialstructureofvirusesandtheirfunctions.

3.Mastertheclassificationofviruses

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.SizeandShapeofviruses

l.termsanddefinitionsinvirology

2.measuringthesizesofviruses

.II.Structureandfunctionofviruses

1.Viralprotein

2.viralnucleicacid

3.virallipidenvelopes

4.viralglycoproteins

III.Structureofviralcapsid

IV.Classificationofviruses

1.basisofclassification

2.universalsystemofvirustaxonomy

3.DNA-containingviruses

4.RNA-containingviruses

5.identificationofaparticleasavirus

Chapter18MultiplicationandVariationofViruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthemajorfeatureofthereplicationcycleofviruses.

2.Masterviralvariationandresistence

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.Multiplicationofviruses

1.growthandassayofviruses

2.biosynthesisofviruses

II.Viralvariationandresistence

1.Viralvariation

2.Viralresistence

3.Commonmethodsofinactivatingvirusesforvariouspurposes

Chapter19ViralInfectionandImmunity

[Requirement]

1.Masterthemodesandtypesofviralinfection.

2.Masterpathogenicityofvirusespathogenesis.

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

I.Modesandtypesofviralinfection

l.viralentry

2.viralspread

3.typesofviralinfection

II.Pathogenicityofvirusespathogenesis

1.effectsofviralinfectiononcells

2.effectsofviralinfectiononimmunesystem

III.Anti-virusimmunity

1.innateornonspecificimmunity

2.Adaptiveorspecificimmunity

Chapter20DiagnosisofViralInfections

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecultivationofviruses.

2.Masterthetestofviralcomponents.

3.Masterthetestofanti-virusantibodies.

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.Testofvirus

1.directexaminationofclinicalmaterial.

2.directfluorescentantibodytests

3.cultivationofviruses

4.assayofviruses

5.identificationofaparticleasavirus

II.Testofviralcomponents

l.antigendetection

2.nucleicacidamplificationanddetection

3.nucleicacidhybridizationandanalysis

4.measuringtheimmuneresponsetovirusinfection

III.Testofanti-virusantibodies

1.Neutralization

2.Westernblot

3.immuneelectronmicroscopy

Chapter21PreventionandTreatmentofViralInfection

[Requirement]

1.Understandtheartificiallyactiveandpassiveimmunity

2.Masterthetreatmentofviralinfection

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.Immunologicalprevention

l.artificiallyactiveimmunity.

2.artificiallypassiveimmunity

II.Treatmentofviralinfection

l.antiviralmechanismofdrugs

2.antiviraldrugs

3.antiviralresistance

Chapter22Hepatitisviruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecontentsabouthepatitisvirus

2.Masterthegenetype,transmissionwayandpathogenesisofother

hepatitisviruse

[Classhour:2hours]

[Content]

I.HepatitisAvirus(HAV)

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen,typeandvariation;

Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:Sourceof

infection;Transmission;Pathogenicmechanism:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

II.HepatitisBvirus(HBV)

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;antigeniccomposition;Cultivation;

resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:Sourceof

infection;Transmission;Pathogenicmechanism

3.Laboratorydiagnosis:DetecteAgs&Abs(clinicalsignificance,practical

purpose)

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

III.HepatitisCvirus(HCV),HepatitisDvirus(HDV)HepatitisEvirus

(HEV)

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

Chapter23Respiratoryviruses

[Requirement]

1.MasterallofthecontentsaboutInfluenzaviruses

2.Understandtheclinicalillnessescausedbyotherrespiratoryviruses.

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.Overview:categoryofmainespiratoryviruses

II.Influenzavirus

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen(HA,NA),Typeand

variation;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:novaccine

II.SARS-associatedcoronavirus(SARS-CoV)

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

III.otherrespiratoryviruses

Chapter24Enteroviruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecommonpropertiesofenteroviruses.

2.Masterthepathogenesisofpoliovirus.

3.MastertheclinicalillnessescausedbyCoxsackievirus,ECHOvirusand

Newenteroviruses.

4.MasterthebiologicalpropertiesandpathogenesisofRotaviruses

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

I.Overview:Commonpropertiesofenteroviruses

II.Poliovirus

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen,Typeandvariation;

Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:IPV,OPV

II.Coxackievirus,ECHOvirusandNewenteroviruses

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

III.Rotaviruses

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

Chapter25Herpesviruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecommonpropertiesofherpesviruses.

2.Mastertheclassificationandassociateddiseasesofherpesviruses.

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

1.classificationofherpesviruses

2.Morphologyandstructure:size;surfaceantigen;Cultivation;resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

Chapter26RetrovirusesandCancerassociatedViruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthestructure,pathogenesis,ofHIV.

2.Understandthegenes,replication,diagnosisandcontrolofHIV

3.Understandthestructureofcancerassociatedviruses

[Classhour:1hours]

[Content]

I.Retroviridaeinclude3dubfamilies:

II.Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;antigeniccomposition;Cultivation;

resistance

2.Pathogenicityandimmunity:Sourceof

infection;Transmission;Pathogenicmechanism

3.Laboratorydiagnosis:

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention

III.Cancerassociatedviruses

Chapter27ArbovirusesandHemorrhagicFeverviruses

[Requirement]

1.Masterthecommonpropertiesofarboviruses.

2.MasterthepathogenesisofepidemictypeBencephalitisvirus

3.MasterthepathogenesisofHantaviruses

[Classhour:0hours]

[Content]

I.Arbovirusesoverview

1.Commoncharacteristics:

2.frequentspecies

3.Laboratorydiagnosis

4.PrincipleofTreatmentandprevention:

II.EpidemictypeBencephalitisvirus

1.Morphologyandstructure:size;antigeniccomposition;Cultivation;

resistance

2.Pathogenicityand