河南省三市许昌济源平顶山2025届高三英语下学期第二次联考试题含解析

PAGE河南省三市（许昌、济源、平顶山）2025届高三英语下学期其次次联考试题（含解析）考生留意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是B。1.WhatdoesthemanalwaysdoonSaturday?A.Seeafilm.B.Haveaclass.C.Reviewhisnotes.2.Howdoeshewomandealwithdifficultlectures?A.Byrecordingthem.B.BytalkingwithlecturersC.Byattendingthemagain.3.Wherewillthemanfetchhisnotebook?A.Inthelibrary.B.Intheclassroom.C.Intheteachers'office.4.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanoftenlistento?A.Jazzmusic.B.Classicalmusic.C.Rockmusic.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Sarah'shappyretirement.B.Theman'sartclasses.C.Theirhobbies.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话成独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?A.Helostherdictionary.B.Hemadeherdeskdirty.C.Hedamagedherglasses.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Buyheranicecream.B.Lookupsomenewwords.C.Tidyupherdeskcarefully.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatmakesthemanchangehisappointment?A.Anunexpectedvisitor.B.Hisurgentproblematwork.C.Thetrafficduetothebadweather.9.WhenwillthemanmeetDr.Martin?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.WhatcanpeopleenjoyinRichmond?A.Localfoods.B.Localartworks.C.Localshoppingcenters.11.HowfarawayisSunValleyfromRichmond?A.5minutes'walk.B.10minutes'walk.C.15minutes'bikeride.12.Wheredothespeakersdecidetosay?A.Inatent.B.Inahotel.C.Inavillager'shouse.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Journalistandsportsman.C.Interviewerandjobapplicant.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofateacher'swork?A.Easy.B.Boring.C.Challenging.15.Whatdoesthewomanlikedoing?A.Playingsports.B.Watchingsports.C.Teachingsports.16.Whatdoesthemanvaluemostaboutdoingsports?A.Teachtheyoungimportantlifelessons.B.Trytomaintainmentalwell-being.c.Makeeffortstokeepphysicallyfit.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.WhatdoesVolterman'sSmartWalletfocuson?A.Thefunction.B.Thedesign.C.Thesecurity.18.Whatwillinformyouofyourphoneandwalletbeingapart?A.Thealarm.B.ThecameraC.TheGPStracker.19.Whatcanyoureceiveifsomeoneopensyourwalletsecretly?A.Apictureofhim.B.Avoicefromthephone.C.Amessagefromthewallet.20.WhyisVolterman'sSmartWalletsuitablefortravel?A.Itdoesn'tneedtorecharge.B.Itislightandeasytocarry.C.Ithasalargecapacityforpictures.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHowtospendaholidaywithoutsendingyoursavingsintoanosedive?TakealookattheseheavenlyandaffordablehideawaysinBahamas.PigeonCayBeachClub,CatIslandPigeonCayBeachClubislocatedonthelargelyundevelopedCatIsland,whereit'spossibletowandertheverybeautifulcoastlineformileswithoutspottingasoul-oraboat,dock(码头)orJetSki.TVs.AC,andWi-Fiareallhappilyoff-duty,leavinggueststoexploretheislandbybike,canoe.orkayak(皮艇)(allfreetouse)orquietlydropbythehonor-systembeachbar.UniqueVillage,EleutheraThis14-roomhotelstandsproudoverthequietPoponiBench,whichisrarelycrowdeddespitebeingwell-knownforisprettypinksands.UniqueVillagehasacasualopen-airrestaurantandanoutdoorpool,anditsspacious(宽敞的).air-conditionedroomshavesimplesandbrightislanddecoration,freeWi-Fi,andoutdoorbalcony-allfacingtheocean.StellaMarisResortClub,LongIslandIfyou'relookingforcasual,cheerful,andcheap,thebeachfrontStellaMarisResortClubmorethanfitsthebill.Thelarge,family-ownedcomplexonbeautifulandremoteLongIslandisabargainforiscompetitiverates,freeactivities,andaccommodationsthatcansuitlargerparties(thereare27hotelrooms,cottages.houses).Oneofthehighlightsoftheresort(度假胜地)isitsrangeofactivities,manyofwhicharefree,includingdayrips,boating.naturewalks,caving,kayaking.andwineparties.StFrancisResort,StockingIslandStockingIslandisjustaboutasremoteasyoucanget.Theislandisonlyaccessiblebyboat,andhaslittlehumandevelopment;nocars,noroads,andabouttwodozenresidents.ThequietandhomeyStFrancisResortfitsrightinwithitssurroundings,offeringeightspaciousroomsoverlookingtheocean,twobeaches,andfreekayak.In-roombreakfast,Wi-Fi,andtransportfromGeorgeTownareallfree.1.Whichisthebestchoiceifyouwanttohaveaquietdrink?A.PigeonCayBeachClub. B.UniqueVillage.C.StcllaMarisResortClub. D.StFrancisResort.2.WhatmayattractyoumotinStellaMarisResortClub?A.Uniquesands. B.Anoutdoorpool.C.Diverseactivities. D.Aquietbeachbar.3.WhatdoUniqueVillageandStFrancisResorthaveincommon?A.Limiteddevelopment. B.FreeInternetaccess.C.Anoutdoorrestaurant. D.Meansofbeingreached.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一则旅游广告。文章介绍隐藏在巴哈马群岛的旅游景点。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据PigeonCayBeachClub,CatIsland中leavinggueststoexploretheislandbybike,canoe.orkayak(皮艇)(allfreetouse)orquietlydropbythehonor-systembeachbar.“离开客人骑自行车，独木舟探究岛屿。或者划独木舟(免费运用)，或者静静去荣誉系统海滩酒吧。”由此可知，假如你想宁静地喝一杯，那最好的选择是PigeonCayBeachClub。故选A。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据StellaMarisResortClub,LongIsland中Oneofthehighlightsoftheresort(度假胜地)isitsrangeofactivities,manyofwhicharefree,includingdayrips,boating.naturewalks,caving,kayaking.andwineparties.“这个度假胜地的亮点之一是它的各种活动，其中很多活动都是免费的，包括白天划船。自然漫步，洞窟探险，皮划艇。和酒派对。”由此可知，在StellaMaris度假俱乐部，各种各样的活动最能吸引你。故选C。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据UniqueVillage,Eleuthera中freeWi-Fi,和StFrancisResort,StockingIsland中In-roombreakfast,Wi-Fi,andtransportfromGeorgeTownareallfree.可知，UniqueVillage和StFrancisResort的共同点是“免费上网”。故选B。【点睛】在细微环节考查题中有一类事实细微环节题。该题属于细微环节类型的阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细微环节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是干脆理解题，在原文中可以干脆找到答案。其次种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题肯定要抓住事务发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案肯定要符合原文，切不行望文生义。本题第2小题，依据StellaMarisResortClub,LongIsland中Oneofthehighlightsoftheresort(度假胜地)isitsrangeofactivities,manyofwhicharefree,includingdayrips,boating.naturewalks,caving,kayaking.andwineparties.“这个度假胜地的亮点之一是它的各种活动，其中很多活动都是免费的，包括白天划船。自然漫步，洞窟探险，皮划艇。和酒派对。”由此可知，在StellaMaris度假俱乐部，各种各样的活动最能吸引你。故选C。BAyoungfemaleathleteinthePhilippinesrecentlywonmultiplegoldmedalsforherschoolduringaprovincialsportsdespitenothavingproperrunningshoes.RheaBallos,an11-yearoldstudentofSalvacionElementarySchoolinBalasan,Iloilo,wasonlywearingbandagesaroundherfeetwhenshecompetedattheIloiloSchoolsSportsMeet.FacebookuserValenzuelapostedimagesofthegirlwithherfeetwrappedinbrownplaster(石膏)bandagesbearingthefamousNikelogo.Ballosevenwrotetheword"NIKE"onthesidesofher"shoes"tocompletethe"Nikerunningshoes"look.Thebandagesweretightlywrappedaroundherfeet,creatingathinprotectivelayeragainstthetrack.Whileshewasvirtually(实质上)barefootduringtheraces,shewasstillabletodefeatheropponents(对手)whoallworeproperfootwearintendedforrunning.Accordingtothepost,Ballosbaggedthetopawardsinthe400-meterdash,the800-meterrun,andthe1500-meterrunintheinter-schoolsportingeventheldinIloil,centralPhilippines.Whenimagesofher"Nike"footwearwerespreadwidely,Filipinosonsocialmediashoweredherwithpraisesforherdedicationandcharacter.Manynotedthatinsteadofwallowinginself-pity.shewasevenabletomakelightofthesituationbydrawingtheNikelogoonher"runningshoes."SomeofthecommentersofValenzuela'spostexpressedhowthegirldeservedtoberecognizedbyNikeandthatthebrandshouldactuallygiveheranewpairofrealNikeshoes.ItdidnottakelongforJefferyCariaso,afamouscoach,totakenoticeofBallos'outstandingperformance.Heimmediatelymadeanefforttogetintouchwiththeyoungtrackrunnertohelpher.4.Infact,Ballos"shoes"are.A.anad B.abargainC.acopy D.asubstitute5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto"wallowingin"inparagraph5?A.Beinglostin. B.Beingproudof.C.Makinguseof. D.Givingignoranceto.6.WhatmadeCariasooffertohelpBallos?A.Hersuperpower. B.Herdetermination.CHerattitudetotheevent. D.Commenters'suggestions.7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ALuckyRunner B.APairof"Nike"ShoesC.ACreativeBrand D.AnEye-catchingGame【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲解并描述的是一名叫Ballos的女孩自制的一双“耐克”鞋。当她的“耐克”鞋的图片被广泛传播时，菲律宾人在社交媒体上对她的奉献和品行大加赞扬。【4题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中FacebookuserValenzuelapostedimagesofthegirlwithherfeetwrappedinbrownplaster(石膏)bandagesbearingthefamousNikelogo.Ballosevenwrotetheword"NIKE"onthesidesofher"shoes"tocompletethe"Nikerunningshoes"look.脸书用户巴伦苏埃拉上传了这名女孩的照片，照片中她的脚被棕色石膏绷带包袱着，绷带上有闻名的耐克商标。为了完成“耐克跑鞋”的造型，巴罗斯甚至在她的“鞋”侧面写上了“耐克”两个字。由此可知，事实上，Ballos的“鞋”是一种替代品。故选D。【5题详解】词义揣测题。依据第五段第一句Whenimagesofher"Nike"footwearwerespreadwidely,Filipinosonsocialmediashoweredherwithpraisesforherdedicationandcharacter.“当她的“耐克”鞋的图片被广泛传播时，菲律宾人在社交媒体上对她的奉献和品行大加赞扬。”再依据第五段中的shewasevenabletomakelightofthesituationbydrawingtheNikelogoonher"runningshoes.“她甚至可以通过在她的“跑鞋”上画耐克的标记来轻松应对这种状况。”由此推知，Manynotedthatinsteadofwallowinginself-pity“很多人指出，与其沉溺于自怜”中划线词wallowingin的意思是“痴迷，沉溺于”。故选A。【6题详解】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中ItdidnottakelongforJefferyCariaso,afamouscoach,totakenoticeofBallos'outstandingperformance.Heimmediatelymadeanefforttogetintouchwiththeyoungtrackrunnertohelpher.“没过多久，闻名的教练杰弗里·卡里阿索就留意到了巴罗斯的杰出表现。他马上作出努力与年轻的田径运动员取得联系，以帮助她。”由此可知，她的超实力让Cariaso主动提出帮助Ballos。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。依据第三段FacebookuserValenzuelapostedimagesofthegirlwithherfeetwrappedinbrownplaster(石膏)bandagesbearingthefamousNikelogo.Ballosevenwrotetheword"NIKE"onthesidesofher"shoes"tocompletethe"Nikerunningshoes"look.Thebandagesweretightlywrappedaroundherfeet,creatingathinprotectivelayeragainstthetrack.“脸书用户巴伦苏埃拉上传了这名女孩的照片，照片中她的脚被棕色石膏绷带包袱着，绷带上有闻名的耐克商标。为了完成“耐克跑鞋”的造型，巴罗斯甚至在她的“鞋”侧面写上了“耐克”两个字。绷带紧紧地缠在她的脚上，形成了一层薄薄的爱护层。”由此可知本文讲解并描述的是一双自制的“耐克”鞋。故选B。CSeaotters(海獭)areprettysmallcomparedtoothermarinemammals(哺乳动物).whichmeansthat,despitetheirfurcoats,theytendtolosehetquickly,andneedlotsofenergytokeepuptheirbodytemperature."Sotheyneedtoeat25percentoftheirbodyweighteachday,"saysSarahMcKayStrobel,asensoryecologistatUCSantaCruz."Butinordertoeatthatmuchfood,thatmeansseaottersneedtofindallthatfood."Shestudiedtheotter'ssenses,tosolvethemysteryofhowthey'resuchefficientfoodcatchers.Visionisn'treliable,shesays-it'sprettydarkandmuddyunderwater,andcrabsandothersmalleranimalstendtohide.Hearingisalsotoughforotters,inthenoisyunderwaterenvironment.Andsniffing'snogoodeither."Whenthey'reunderwaterthey'reholdingtheirbreath."What'sleftistouch.SoStrobelmeasuredthesensitivityoftheotters'pawsandwhiskers(须).SheblindfoldedanotternamedSelka,thenpresenteditwithplasticplatescarvedwithtinygrooves(沟槽).Selka'sjobwastoselecttheplatewithtwo-millimertergrooves,whichshe'dbeentrainedtoassociatewithtastyfood,insteadofplateswithdifferentlysizedgrooves.Tumsout,Selkacouldtelljustaquartermillimeterdifferenceinthegrooves'withwithherpaws-aboveandbelowwater-andhallamillimeterdifferencewithherwhiskers."ThefactthatshewasabletoperformsowellwhilemovingextremelyquicklyIthinkisreallyinterestingandsuggeststhatseaottershaveveryquickdecision-makingabilitiesandveryquicksensoryprocessingabilities,whichmakessensewhenyouthinkaboutthetypeoflifestyletheyleadandhowquicklytheyneedtofindfood."Fortherecord,humanscanfeelthedifferencetoo,butittakesus30timeslonger,whichmightmakesense.Afterall,weliveinenvironmentswheretouchislessimportantinahuntthansightandsound.8.Whydoseaotterseatmuchfood?A.Toswimfaster. B.Tostaywarm.C.Tokeeptheirfurthick. D.Tosatisfytheirgoodappetite.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.AnintroductiontoSelka. B.Theuseofplasticplates.C.AnexperimentonSelka. D.Thefunctionofotters'touch.10.WhatdidStrobelfindaboutseaotters'senses?A.Hearingisuseless. B.Touchisthemostelective.C.Theyhavenovision. D.Theirsmellworksverywell.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Seaottershaveenoughfoodtoeat.B.Humansaremoresensitivethanseaotters.C.Seaottersrespondveryquicklyinhunting.D.Seaotters'whiskersworkbetterthanpaws.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍海獭的生活习性。【8题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中theytendtolosehetquickly,andneedlotsofenergytokeepuptheirbodytemperature.“它们往往很快就会失去热量，须要大量的能量来维持体温。”由此可知，海獭吃很多食物是为了保持暖和。故选B。【9题详解】段落大意题。依据第三段中SheblindfoldedanotternamedSelka,thenpresenteditwithplasticplatescarvedwithtinygrooves(沟槽).Selka'sjobwastoselecttheplatewithtwo-millimertergrooves,whichshe'dbeentrainedtoassociatewithtastyfood,insteadofplateswithdifferentlysizedgrooves.“她蒙住一只名叫塞尔卡的水獭的眼睛，然后给它看刻着细小沟槽的塑料盘子。塞尔卡的工作是选择带有两米里默特凹槽的盘子，她被训练将其与美味食物联系起来，而不是选择带有不同大小凹槽的盘子。”由此可知，第三段讲解并描述的是“Selka的一个试验。”故选C。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一、二句What'sleftistouch.SoStrobelmeasuredthesensitivityoftheotters'pawsandwhiskers(须).“剩下的是触觉。因此，Strobel测量了水獭爪子和胡须的敏感度。”由此可知，Strobel发觉了海獭的触觉是最具选择性的。故选B。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段中ThefactthatshewasabletoperformsowellwhilemovingextremelyquicklyIthinkisreallyinterestingandsuggeststhatseaottershaveveryquickdecision-makingabilitiesandveryquicksensoryprocessingabilities,“她在移动速度特别快的状况下表现得如此精彩，我认为这一点特别好玩，这表明海獭具有特别快的决策实力和感官处理实力，”由此可知，海獭在捕猎时反应很快。故选C。【点睛】推理推断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出肯定的推理推断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理推断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是依据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理推断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标记性词语。本题第4小题，依据第四段中ThefactthatshewasabletoperformsowellwhilemovingextremelyquicklyIthinkisreallyinterestingandsuggeststhatseaottershaveveryquickdecision-makingabilitiesandveryquicksensoryprocessingabilities,“她在移动速度特别快的状况下表现得如此精彩，我认为这一点特别好玩，这表明海獭具有特别快的决策实力和感官处理实力，”由此可知，海獭在捕猎时反应很快。故选C。DTheUnitedStatesspaceagency,NASA.saysitsMarsexplorationvehiclerecentlyrecordedahighlevelofmethane(甲烷)gasontheplanet.ThediscoveryisexcitingbecausethepresenceofmethanegascouldsupportthecaseforlifeonMars.NASA'sCuriosityvehiclerecentlyrecodedthelargestlevelofmethaneevermeasuredduringitsseven-yearMarsmission.Methanehasnocolororsmell.AspecialinstrumentonCuriosity'sManScienceLaboratoryrecordedtheincreasedgaslevel.ThedevicemeasureslevelsofchemicalelementsandgasesintheMarianatmosphere.Inadditiontomethane,theinstrumentcanrecordlevelsofwaterandcarbondioxide.NearlyallthemethanegasfoundinEarth'satmosphereisproducedbylivingthing.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.Butitcanalsobeformedbygeological(地质的)processes,suchasinteractions.betweenrocksandwater.ItwasnotthefirsttimeCuriosityhadfoundmethanegasintheMartianatmosphere.Aboutayearago,NASAannouncedthatCuriosityhaddiscoveredsharpseasonalincreasesinthegas.Thistime,NASAsaidthemeasuredmethanegaslevelwasclearlylargerthananyothersobservedinthepast."It'sexcitingbecausemicrobial(微生物的)lifeisanimportantsourceofmethaneonEarth,"NASAsaidinastatementannouncingthediscovery.However,Curiosity'steamcarriedoutafollow-upmethaneexperimentthatshowedasharpdropinlevelsofthegas.Thatnumberwas"closetothebackgroundlevelsCuriosityseesallthetime."NASAsaid.TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers."Themethanemysterycontinues,"saidAshwinVasavada.Curiosity'sprojectscientist,"We'remoremotivatedthanevertokeepmeasuringandputourbrainstogethertofigureouthowmethanebehavesintheMarianatmosphere."12.Whatdoweknowaboutmethanego?A.Itisamusttolivingthings. B.Itcanbefoundeverywhere.C.Itsmellslikecarbondioxide. D.It'smainlyfrombiologicalactivity.13WhatdotheexplorationsonManstellus?A.HumanshaveknownmuchaboutMars.B.TherewillbemoremethanegasonMars.C.Thereisnoprogressinthe7year'sresearch.D.ThelevelofmethanegasonMarsisnotstable.14.WhatdoesthediscoverymeaninNASA'sview?A.TheremayexistlifeonMars.B.MethanegasonMarshasasuddenincrease.C.ThemysteryaboutMarswillbesolvedsoon.D.They'reknownhowmethaneasisformedonMans.15.HowdotheNASA'sscientistsfeelabouttheirfutureexploration?AAimless. B.Confident.C.Stressed. D.Serious.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。美国宇航局，NASA，称其火星探测车最近在火星上记录到高水平的甲烷气体。这一发觉令人兴奋，因为甲烷气体的存在可能支持火星上存在生命的说法。【12题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中NearlyallthemethanegasfoundinEarth'satmosphereisproducedbylivingthing.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.“地球大气中几乎全部的甲烷气体都是由生物产生的。它通常来自于动物和植物。”由此可知，沼气主要来自生物活动。故选D。【13题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段最终一句TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers.“甲烷气体浓度的上升和下降给NASA的科学家们留下了更多的问题而不是答案。”由此可知，人类的探究告知了我们“火星上的甲烷气体水平是不稳定的。”故选D。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据第五段中Thistime,NASAsaidthemeasuredmethanegaslevelwasclearlylargerthananyothersobservedinthepast."It'sexcitingbecausemicrobial(微生物的)lifeisanimportantsourceofmethaneonEarth,"NASAsaidinastatementannouncingthediscovery.这一次，美国宇航局表示，测量到的甲烷气体水平明显比以往任何一次观测到的都要高。NASA在宣布这一发觉的声明中说:“这很令人兴奋，因为微生物是地球上甲烷的重要来源。”由此可知，在NASA看来，这一发觉意味着“火星上可能存在生命。”故选A。【15题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段中We'remoremotivatedthanevertokeepmeasuringandputourbrainstogethertofigureouthowmethanebehavesintheMarianatmosphere.“我们比以往任何时候都更有动力去持续测量，并把我们的大脑放在一起，以弄清晰甲烷在Marian大气中的行为。”由此可知，美国宇航局的科学家们对他们将来的探究是“自信的”。故选B。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peopleallovertheworldhavesomestrangehobbies,andoneofthemostunusualinBritainis"trainspotting".___16___.You'llseethegrown.upsstandingaroundarailwaystationsandotherplaceswheretrainspassby,andyou'llseethemtakingphotosandexchangingnoteswitheachother.So,whataretheydoing?___17___-thenumbersonthefrontofthetrains,orthemakeandmodelofthe"locomotive(火车头)"-thepartofthetrainwhichpullsalltheotherpart.Inthesamewaythatsomepeoplecollecttoysorstamps,thesemencollectandexchangeallkindsofdetailsabouttrainsandrailways.Theideagoesbackasfaras1942.Thatyear,ayoungmannamedIanAllanwasworkingatWaterloorailwaystationinLondon.___18___,andquitealotofthequestionshereceivedwereverysimilar.Hefoundhimselfgettingalittleannoyedatsendingthesinerepliestothesamequestions.sohehadawordwithhimboss.Heaskedifhecouldwriteabrochuregivingtheanswerstothemostfrequentlyaskedquestions.Hisbosssaidifhewantedtowastehistimeonsuchaproject,that'OK._____19_____.Sohedid.ThebrochurehewrotewastheearliestversionoftheFAQs(常见问题)youseeonwebsitesnowadays.Thefirst2,000copieswereallsoldindays,andbythe1950s,amillioncopiesofBritishRailwaysLocomotivesweresellingeveryyear.IanAllanwenttobecomeasuccessfulpublisher,andgotanOrderoftheBritishEmpire(OBE,大英帝国勋章)fromtheQueenin1995.____20____.A.ButheshoulddoitinhisowntimeB.TheyoungmanspentmuchtimeonitC.They'relookingforthetrainsthey'vetakenD.Well,they'recollectinginformationabouttrainsE.It'susuallymenovertheageof40,butnotalwaysF.Hediedin2015,buthistrainspottinghobbylivesonG.Itwashisjobtoanswerlettersfrompeopleabouttrains【答案】16.E17.D18.G19.A20.F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍在英国最不寻常的惊奇的爱好“猜火车”。【16题详解】依据上文提示“世界各地的人都有一些惊奇的爱好，其中在英国最不寻常的是‘猜火车’。”再依据下文提示“你会看到成年人站在火车站四周和火车经过的其他地方，你会看到他们拍照，相互交换笔记。”承接上下文，E项It'susuallymenovertheageof40,butnotalways（通常是40岁以上的男性，但也不总是这样）切题。故选E。【17题详解】依据下文提示“火车前部的号码，或者‘火车头’的制造和型号——火车的一个部分，带动其他部分。”承接下文，D项Well,they'recollectinginformationabouttrains（他们在收集关于火车的信息）切题。故选D。【18题详解】依据上文提示“那一年，一个名叫伊恩·艾伦的年轻人在伦敦滑铁卢火车站工作。”再依据下文提示“他收到的很多问题都很相像。”承接上下文，G项Itwashisjobtoanswerlettersfrompeopleabouttrains（他的工作是回复人们关于火车的来信）切题。故选G。【19题详解】依据上文提示“他的老板说，假如他想在这样的项目上奢侈时间，没问题。”再依据下文提示“他的确做了。”承接上下文，A项Butheshoulddoitinhisowntime（但他应当在自己的时间做这件事）切题。故选A。20题详解】依据上文提示“伊恩·艾伦成为了一个胜利的出版商，并在1995年从女王那里得到了大英帝国的勋章。”承接上文，F项Hediedin2015,buthistrainspottinghobbyliveson（他于2015年去世，但他看《猜火车》的爱好依旧存在）切题。故选F。第三部分语言学问运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AteenagerwhooncebecamehomelessgraduatedatthetopofhisclassinHouston,Texasthisweekend.DerrickNgo.18,hada___21___childhood,growingupwithoutafatherandfindinghismotherinandoutofprisonthroughtheyears.Aheadofhis____22____.Ngohadbeento12differentschool,At15,bestartedto____23____onhisownwithsomehelpfromhismother,butitwasbarelyenoughthathe____24____homelessabouttwoyeanlater.Ngo____25____hischildhoodtoVOA."Weoftendidn'thavethatmuchfood.Wedidn'thavethatmuchmoney.Wedidn'thavea____26____sourceofincomeandthatwasoneofmybiggest____27____ingrowingup-thatLackofparental____28____."Determinedtochangehisfuture,Ngo____29____allhisfrustrations(懊丧)intohisstudies-effortsthat____30____landedhimasthetopstudentofhisclassatEnergyInstituteHighSchool."I____31____thatifIdidn'tuseschoold,educationandtheresourcesthatwere____32____tome,thentherewouldbenowaythatIwouldgetoutofthe____33____Iwasin,"hesaid.InDecember,Ngolearnedthathehadbeen____34____byHarvard,wherehewillbeattendingthisfall.Itwas,atfrst,a____35____…IjustgotintoHarvard.Myheartwas____36____."hesaid.Hewasveryexcited.Theyoungman____37____hissuccesstodiscipline(自制力)andlaser-like(激光一样的)____38____onendgoals."Withadreaminyourheart,youwillhaveaclear___39___thatyou'reworkingtowards.Althoughit'snotrealyet,is____40____thatisgoingtoberealoneday."21.A.happy. B.boring C.troubled D.bright22.A.failure B.difficulty C.independence D.achievement23.A.live B.work C.learn D.train24.A.gotup B.grewup C.brokeup D.endedup25.A.recorded B.repeated C.recalled D.recommended26.A.new B.stable C.spare D.balanced27.A.desires B.features C.struggles D.advantage28.A.pressure B.guidance C.training D.introduction29.A.added B.counted C.combined D.directed30.A.firstly B.slightly C.eventually D.unexpectedly31.A.bet B.heard C.wondered D.remembered32.A.donated B.available C.designed D.affordable33.A.trap B.truth C.danger D.circle34.A.told B.invited C.dismissed D.accepted35.A.gift B.pity C.shock D.sympathy36.A.rising B.racing C.beating D.sinking37.A.owes B.devotes C.applies D.contributes38.A.care B.focus C.confidence D.appreciation39.A.goal B.way C.plan D.position40.A.nothing B.anything C.everything D.something【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.D35.C36.B37.A38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲解并描述了自己胜利的故事，他把胜利归功于自律和对最终目标的专注。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：18岁的德里克·恩格(Derrickngo)的童年充溢坎坷，他在没有父亲的环境中长大，母亲在监狱里进进出出。A.happy兴奋的；B.boring令人厌烦的；C.troubled混乱的；D.bright光明的。依据第1空后的growingupwithoutafatherandfindinghismotherinandoutofprisonthroughtheyears.可知，他的童年充溢坎坷。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他取得成果之前，Ngo已经去过12所不同的学校。A.failure失败；B.difficulty困难；C.independence独立；D.achievement成果。依据第2空后的Ngohadbeento12differentschool可知，此处指取得成果之前换了12所学校。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他15岁的时候，他起先在母亲的帮助下独自生活，但这还不够，大约两年后他就无家可归了。A.live生活，居住；B.work工作；C.learn学习；D.train训练。依据第3空后的onhisownwithsomehelpfromhismother可知，起先独立生活。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词组。句意：在他取得成果之前，Ngo已经去过12所不同的学校，在他15岁的时候，他起先在母亲的帮助下独自生活，但这还不够，大约两年后他就无家可归了。A.gotup起床；B.grewup成长；C.brokeup解散，分解；D.endedup结束。依据第4空后homelessabouttwoyearslater.可知，为了让他独立生活，最终以无家可归而结束。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ngo向美国之音回顾了他的童年。A.recorded记录；B.repeated重复；C.recalled回想起；D.recommended举荐。依据第5空后的hischildhoodtoVOA.可知，此处指回忆起童年。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们没有稳定的收入来源，这是我成长过程中最大的困难之一——缺乏父母的指导。A.new新的；B.stable坚固的；C.spare备用的；D.balanced平衡的。依据第6空前的Weoftendidn'thavethatmuchfood.Wedidn'thavethatmuchmoney.可知，没有固定的收入。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们没有稳定的收入来源，这是我成长过程中最大的困难之一——缺乏父母的指导。A.desires欲望；B.features特色；C.struggles奋斗，挣扎；D.advantage优势。依据第7空前后内容Weoftendidn'thavethatmuchfood.Wedidn'thavethatmuchmoney.Wedidn'thavea____6____sourceofincomeandthatwasoneofmybiggest和ingrowingup可知，此处指成长中的挣扎。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们没有稳定的收入来源，这是我成长过程中最大的困难之一——缺乏父母的指导。A.pressure压力；B.guidance指导；C.training训练；D.introduction介绍。前面提到让他独立，最终不让回家，所以缺少父母的指导。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ngo确定变更他的将来，把他全部的挫折都投入到他的学习中，最终使他成为能源探讨所中学班里的优等生。A.added增加；B.counted计数，重要；C.combined结合；D.directed管理，指导。依据第9空后的allhisfrustrations(懊丧)intohisstudies-efforts可知，此处指管理自己的学习。故选D。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ngo确定变更他的将来，把他全部的挫折都投入到他的学习中，最终使他成为能源探讨所中学班里的优等生。A.firstly第一；B.slightly略微地；C.eventually最终；D.unexpectedly未料到地。依据第10空后的landedhimasthetopstudentofhisclassatEnergyInstituteHighSchool.可知，此处指最终成为优等生。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我敢打赌，假如我不利用学校、教化和我能得到的资源，那么我就没有方法摆脱我现在所处的逆境A.bet打赌；B.heard听见；C.wondered想知道；D.remembered记得。依据第11空后的ifIdidn'tuseschool,educationandtheresourcesthatwere____12____tome,thentherewouldbenowaythatIwouldgetoutofthe____13____Iwasin可知，作者对成为优等生的理由敢打赌。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我敢打赌，假如我不利用学校、教化和我能得到的资源，那么我就没有方法摆脱我现在所处的逆境A.donated捐赠的；B.available可获得的；C.designed细心设计的；D.affordable负担得起的。依据第12空前的ifIdidn'tuseschool,educationandtheresources可知，作者利