必修第二册　Unit 4　History and Traditions-2025英语大一轮复习讲义人教版

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．Confuciusn．孔子2．mansionn．公馆；宅第3．cemeteryn．墓地；公墓4．philosophyn．哲学5．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孙6．heeln．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟7．Achilles’heel(喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点8．kingdomn．王国；领域9．currencyn．通货；货币10．militaryadj.军事的；军用的11．landscapen．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景12．ancestorn．祖宗；祖先13．courtyardn．庭院；院子14．countyn．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县15．feastn．盛宴；宴会；节日16．cattlen．牛17．scentn．气味；气息18．stewn．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.炖；煨19．sensoryadj.感觉的；感官的20．transitionn．过渡；转变；变迁Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．individualadj.单独的；个别的n．个人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长3．nearbyadj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近4．conquervt.占领；征服；控制5．battlen．战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗6．portn．港口(城市)7．chargen．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电8．amountn．金额；数量9．galleryn．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊10．approachn．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近11．ensurevt.保证；确保；担保12．buttern．黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于13．honeyn．蜂蜜14．positionn．位置；姿态；职位15．snackn．点心；小吃16．rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚17．dotn．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布18．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮19．oceann．大海；海洋20．pubn．酒吧；酒馆21．winen．葡萄酒；果酒22．beern．(一杯)啤酒Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．puzzlen．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzlingadj.令人困惑的→puzzledadj.感到困惑的2．belongvi.应在(某处)；适应→belongingn．[U]归属；[pl.]动产，财物3．defencen．防御；保卫→defendv．防御；保卫→defensiveadj.防御的；保护的4．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地5．surroundvt.围绕；包围→surroundingadj.周围的；附近的→surroundingsn．环境6．evidencen．证据；证明→evidentadj.明显的7．achievementn．成就；成绩；达到→achievevt.达到；实现8．locationn．地方；地点；位置→locatevt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于9．fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinatev．使……入迷，迷住→fascinatedadj.着迷的10．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称→announcementn．宣布；通知→announcern．广播员；解说员11．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方12．eageradj.热切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地→eagernessn．热切；渴望13．poetn．诗人→poemn．诗歌→poetryn．诗歌(总称)14．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；致意15．customn．风俗；习俗；习惯→customern．顾客→customsn．海关16．strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的→strikevt.打击；攻击；打动n．罢工17．crowdn．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的1．authentic/ɔː'θentIk/adj.真正的；真实的2．comb/kəʊm/vt.梳(头发)；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(头发)3．sternly/'stɜːnli/adv.严厉地；苛刻地→stern/stɜːn/adj.严厉的；苛刻的；严峻的4．opt/ɒpt/vi.&vt.选择；挑选5．boast/bəʊst/vi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口6．lick/lIk/vt.舔；舔着喝(吃)7．disgusting/dIs'ɡʌstIŋ/adj.令人厌恶的；极糟的8．terrified/'terIfaId/adj.恐惧的；非常害怕的→terrify/'terIfaI/vt.使恐惧；使惊吓9．glance/ɡlɑːns；NAmEɡlæns/vi.瞥一眼；扫视；浏览n．一瞥；扫视10．triumph/'traIʌmf/n．胜利；重大成功Ⅳ.背核心短语1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来2．breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱3．belongto属于4．aswellas同(一样也)；和；还5．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意6．add...to...把……添加到……中7．referto谈到；查阅；指的是8．takeover接收；接管9．leavebehind把……抛在后面；留下；遗留10．haveagreatinfluenceon对……有极大影响Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(what引导的宾语从句)联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。2．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？(if的省略结构)如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？3．Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack，aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。4．TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesthdone)他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行改革。5．Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.(if引导的条件状语从句)如果你留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止。6．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(with的复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。7．Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(Itis＋adj.＋that...)乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓厚的传统包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．mansionn．公馆；宅第2．philosophyn．哲学3．descendantn．后裔；后代；子孙4．heeln．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟5．currencyn．通货；货币6．militaryadj.军事的；军用的7．landscapen．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景8．ancestorn．祖宗；祖先9．sensoryadj.感觉的；感官的10．transitionn．过渡；转变；变迁Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共10分)1．individualadj.单独的；个别的n．个人2．chiefadj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长3．conquervt.占领；征服；控制4．battlen．战役；搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗；奋斗5．chargen．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电6．amountn．金额；数量7．galleryn．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊8．approachn．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近9．ensurevt.保证；确保；担保10．roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2.5分，共15分)1．legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.不合法的→legallyadv.法律上地2．locationn．地方；地点；位置→locatevt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置→locatedadj.坐落于；位于3．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosityn．慷慨；大方4．eageradj.热切的；渴望的→eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地→eagernessn．热切；渴望5．greetvt.问候；迎接→greetingn．问候；致意6．customn．风俗；习俗；习惯→customern．顾客→customsn．海关Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．authenticadj.真正的；真实的2．combvt.梳(头发)；梳理n．梳子；篦子；梳理(头发)3．boastvi.&vt.自夸；自吹自擂n．夸耀；夸口4．terrifiedadj.恐惧的；非常害怕的→terrifyvt.使恐惧；使惊吓5．glancevi.瞥一眼；扫视；浏览n．一瞥；扫视Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来2．belongto属于3．aswellas同(一样也)；和；还4．keepyoureyesopen(for)留心；留意5．haveagreatinfluenceon对……有极大影响Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分)1．Thatwasreallyapuzzlingproblem；nowonderthearchitectlookedpuzzled.(puzzle)2．Wemusttakesomedefensivemeasurestodefendourcountryagainstinvasion.(defence)3．Surroundedbytreesandflowers，thesurroundingsofthecottagearequitebeautiful.(surround)4．Theannouncersoftlyannouncedtheresult，buttheannouncementmademeshocked.(announce)5．Itwasapparentthattheboywasfascinatedbyherfascinatingvoice.(fascinate)6．Ilovepoetry，especiallythepoemswrittenbythemostfamouspoet—LiBai.(poet)7．Themeetingroomisquitecrowded，withalotofpeoplecrowdinginit.(crowd)8．Itisevidentthatthemanwillbesentencedtoprisonwiththenewly-foundevidence.(evident)9．Althoughheliveshere，allthebelongingsinthehousedon’tbelongtohim.(belong)10．Thescientistfinallyachievedhisgoalandmadestrikingachievements.(achieve)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(breakawayfrom，add...to，referto，takeover，leavebehind)1．Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithoutreferringtohisnotes.2．Byopeninganovel，Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulworld.3．Hegrabbedher，butshesucceededinbreakingawayfromhim.4．Whatmadeusexcitedwasthatmybrotherhadtakenoverthejobasamanager.5．Asweallknow，rudewordsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．我脸上火辣辣的，我为我对你所做的事情感到羞愧。(读后续写之心理描写)(what引导的宾语从句)Withmyfaceburning，IwasashamedofwhatIhaddonetoyou.2．欢迎任何对这部电影感兴趣的人到位于第三教学楼第一层的学校演讲大厅。(过去分词短语作后置定语)Anyonewhoiskeenonthefilmiswelcometotheschool’slecturehalllocatedonthefirstfloorofthethirdteachingbuilding.3．他修房顶的时候摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。(havesthdone)Hehadhislegbrokenwhilerestoringtheroof，whichmadeeveryoneworriedabouthim.4．由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)(with的复合结构)Astheyarestillbreathless，withtheirheartsbeatingwildly，theyareconvincedthatwhathappenedjustnowisreal.5．你昨天晚上熬夜到那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。(Itis＋adj.＋that...)Youstayedupsolatelastnight；itisnotsurprisingthatyoufeelsleepytoday.WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom，Iwasnolonger1.puzzled(puzzle)aboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIrelandjoinedtoitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.ThefourcountriesbelongingtotheUKusethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence,2.buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain,3.leaving(leave)behindtheirso-calledachievementsandinfluencingthenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIreland4.whereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwassuchafeastformyeyesthatIfeltasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichI5.wassurrounded(surround)withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwasgreetedwiththerollingmountains6.dotted(dot)withsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhichchargedonlyasmallamountofmoney7.fortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheircustomswith8.acrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors’chief9.achievements(achieve)．Theyweregenerousandsharedwithmeasnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth-wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI’meager10.togo(go)thereagain.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇surroundvt.包围；围绕(surroundingadj.周围的；附近的surroundingsn．环境)surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with被……包围(1)Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewhowillprovideyouwithsupportcanbeverybeneficial.(2)您可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的有益的建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信)Wouldyoupleaseoffermesomebeneficialadviceonhowtoadapttotheunfamiliarsurroundings?(3)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Surroundedby/withgreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverwindingthroughthefarm.chargevt.收费；控告；充电；(向……)冲n．收费；指控；主管·chargesbwith(doing)sth＝accusesbof(doing)sth指控某人犯……罪chargesbmoneyforsth因某事/物收某人钱chargeat向……发起冲锋，扑向·freeofcharge＝forfree免费inchargeof掌管(表状态)takechargeof掌管(表动作)inthechargeof被……掌管；由……负责(1)Wehaveenoughevidenceandconfidencetochargeyouwithabuseofpower.(2)Thegenerousownerchargingmenothingforthenoodles，Ifeltawaveofwarmthandgratitudewellingupinmyheart.(读后续写之情感描写)(3)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(议论文写作)LastweekwehadaheateddebateaboutwhethercitizenscanaccesstheScienceMuseumfreeofcharge/forfree.(4)恶狼张开血淋淋的嘴巴，跳起来扑向我，好像要把我一口吃掉似的。(读后续写之情境描写)Thefiercewolf，openingitsbloodymouth，sprangtoitsfeetandchargedatmeasiftoeatmeupinonegulp.(5)我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Iwillbeinchargeof/takechargeofathemeclassmeetingdesignedtointroducetraditionalChineseculturestoforeigners.announcevt.宣布；通知；声称(announcementn．宣布；通知announcern．广播员；解说员)·announcesthtosb向某人宣布某事Itisannouncedthat...据宣布……asisannounced...正如宣布的那样……·makeanannouncement(tosb)(向某人)发通知(1)Ourschool’sEnglishbroadcaststationislookingforanannouncer(announce)whoiscapableofspeakingfluentandauthenticEnglish.(2)Thehostannouncedtousthatapaintingexhibitionwouldbeheldinthecitygallerynextweekend.(3)Theauthorityannouncesthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.＝Itisannouncedthatanewrailwaystationwillbebuiltheretopromoteitstourism.(4)大家请注意，在我们上课之前我要下个重要通知。Attention，please，Ihaveanimportantannouncementtomakebeforeourclassstarts.amountn．金额；数量v．总计，共计；相当于，等于·theamountof...……的数量“大量/少量的”表达：alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)·amountto共计，总计；等于，相当于(1)Yesterdaylargeamountsofhoneyandbutterwere(be)usedtomakethiskindofsnack.(2)为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信)Inordertokeephealthy，aproperamountofregularexerciseisquitenecessary.(3)暑假期间我总共挣了300美元，这笔钱可以帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)ThemoneyIearnedduringthesummerholidayamountedto300dollars，whichcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.approachn．接近；方法；途径vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近·anapproachto(doing)sth(做某事的)方法/途径attheapproachof...在快到……的时候·with...approaching在……快到的时候(1)WiththeSpringFestivalapproaching(approach)，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.＝AttheapproachoftheSpringFestival，wecouldhardlycontainourinnerexcitement.(2)解决这个问题的方法有多种，但我们最好找到最经济的那种。Therearemanyapproachestosolvingtheproblem，butwe’dbetterfindthemosteconomicalone.(3)那只小鸟正拍打着翅膀向我靠近。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)Therewasthelittlebird，flappingherwingsandapproachingme.eageradj.渴望的；热切的(eagerlyadv.热心地；急切地eagernessn．热切；渴望)·beeagertodosth渴望做某事beeagerforsth渴望得到某物·witheagerness＝eagerly热切地；急切地hideone’seagerness掩饰某人的渴望(1)Learningthatyou’releavingfortheUnitedStatessoon，I’meagerly(eager)writingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelp.(应用文写作之感谢信)(2)每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于那些意志坚定、坚持不懈的人。(读后续写之主旨升华)Everyoneiseagerforsuccess/tosucceed/besuccessful，butsuccessonlybelongstothosewhoaredeterminedandpersevering.(3)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写)Whenaskedwhetherhewantedagiftforhisbirthday，theboycouldn’thidehiseagerness.belongto属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分{belongvi.应在(某处)；适应，合得来belongingn．[U]归属；[pl.]动产，财物}asenseofbelonging归属感注意：belongto没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式，用法相同的短语还有datebackto(追溯到)，consistof(包括)，takeplace(发生)等。(1)Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，thepoetalmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.(2)Wewereremindedtotakewhateverbelonging(belong)tousbeforegettingoffthetrain.(3)正是因为你的慷慨帮助，我很快就产生了归属感，适应了新的环境。ItisbecauseofyourgenerousassistancethatIsoondevelopedasenseofbelongingandadaptedtothenewsurroundings.aswellas同(一样也)；和；还·aswellas常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与aswellas前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。·用作介词时，aswellas相当于besides，inadditionto，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。(1)Yourwifeaswellasyouis(be)friendlyandgenerous，forwhichIamverygrateful.(2)Aswellaseating(eat)afive-coursemeal，theydranksevenbottlesofwine.(3)我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(2020·天津7月，书面表达)Ourheadteacheraswellasfivestudentrepresentativeswasinvitedtodeliveraspeechatyesterday’scoming-of-ageceremony.if的省略结构Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany？如果有的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？ifany(如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if(thereis/are)any...。ifnot如果不是这样的话ifso如果是这样的话ifever如果曾有的话ifnecessary如果有必要的话ifpossible如果可能的话(1)Ifitisnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.＝Ifnecessary，ourschoolwillprovidethestudentswiththelanguagetrainingcourses.(2)如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少，我好做准备。Pleaseletmeknowhowmanypeoplearecoming，ifany，sothatIcanmakepreparations.(3)我想知道这个星期五晚上你是否方便到机场接我。如果是这样的话，那就再好不过了。如果不方便，那就请提前帮我订一辆出租车。Iamwonderingifit’sconvenientforyoutopickmeupattheairportthisFridaynight.Ifso，itcouldn’tbebetter.Ifnot，pleasehelpmebookataxiinadvance.with的复合结构Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：·with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来的动作)·with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)·with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)·with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.(1)Withthevictoryannounced(announce)，allpeoplepresentcheeredupwithgreatjoy.(2)Withsomanytrickyproblemstoapproach(approach)，thenewly-electedpresidentwillhaveatoughperiodtogothrough.(3)Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarmsandtearsofshameandembarrassmentwelledupinhiseyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)①Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，withtearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用with的复合结构改写)②Tomthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，tearsofshameandembarrassmentwellingupinhiseyes.(用独立主格结构改写)(4)Withthebrightmoonupinthesky，wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruits，sharingourstories.皓月当空，我们围坐在一起，吃着月饼和水果，分享我们的故事。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．chargeA.n.费用B.v.收费；要价C.n.掌管；负责D.v.指控；控告E.v.充电F.v.向……冲G.v.使充满(1)Myphoneishavingadeadbattery；pleasehelpmechargeit.E(2)Toourshock，theshymanshouldbechargedwithmurderinghiswife.D(3)Theynormallychargethreehundredpoundsbutwegotitforhalfprice.B(4)Thedogbarked，jumping—fourfeetintheair—mouthopenandchargingattheman.F(5)Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest；thenext，theairwaschargedwithtension.G(6)Failuretoprovideenoughcheaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.(2022·新课标Ⅱ)A(7)PeoplewhodressupasRomansoldiersinchargeofphotoswon’tbeallowednearhottouristspots.(2022·全国乙)C2．approacheq\x(A.vt.&vi.靠近；临近B.vt.与……商量C.vt.处理D.n.方法；途径)(1)Thestudentsapproachtheirteacherforadvice.B(2)InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment，whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(2023·浙江1月)D(3)Notseeingorhearinganyfireenginesapproaching，Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.(2020·新课标Ⅱ)A(4)Humanqualitiesalsoinvolvehowyouthink，howyouapproachproblems，andhowyoubreakthemdown；andthattakesalotofalgorithmic(算法)design.(2021·天津第二次笔试)C3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)IamwritingtoapplyforthepositionofChiefEditor.职位(2)Afterreadingthebook，youmustputitwhereitbelongs.应在(某处)(3)PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.(2022·全国Ⅱ)智力游戏Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Aprovinceattemptedtobreakawayfromthecountry，whichaccountedforwhythepresidentwasupset.2．Theidentitycarddoesn’tbelongtome，thoughthepicturelooksparticularlysimilartome.3．Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence(defend)．(读后续写之动作描写)4．Surrounded(surround)byfamiliarcolleagues，hefeltastrongsenseofbelonging.5．Brimmingoverwithgratitude(grateful)，Iwavedgoodbyetothefamilyandwatchedthetruckuntilitvanishedaroundaturn，feelingahintofwarmthinmyheart.(读后续写之心理描写)6．Theonlyapproachtosolving(solve)theproblemisdiscussingitattheconference.7．Iameagertokeep(keep)myselfupdatedwiththelatestnewsbysurfingtheInternet.8．Thesupermarketwascrowdedwithpeoplewhowantedtobuygoodsatadiscount.9．Itisannounced(announce)thattheblogpostedbythetrollcontainsmuchfalseinformation.10．Foronething，theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostriking(strike)thattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.(2020·江苏，书面表达)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Alex来信说将要在寒假期间去北京旅行一周，请你根据以下提示给他回信，向他推荐一个你最喜欢的地方，帮助他更好地旅行。内容包括：1.推荐的景点；2．推荐理由以及需要注意的事项；3．表示真诚期待与欢迎。完成句子1．得知你渴望在即将到来的寒假去北京旅游，我写信给你一些建议。(beeagertodo；现在分词短语作状语)2．北京有许多著名的旅游景点，其中最重要的是故宫博物院。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句)3．故宫博物院由内城和外城围成同心圆(concentriccircles)，自明代以来一直是北京的中心。(surround；过去分词短语作后置定语)4．随着寒假的临近，来北京的游客数量将急剧增加。(with复合结构；approach)5．如果是这样的话，你最好提前预订机票和住宿。(if的省略结构)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文DearAlex，Iamgladtohearfromyou.LearningthatyouareeagertotraveltoBeijinginthecomingwintervacation，Iamwritingtogiveyousomerecommendations.TherearemanyfamoustouristattractionsinBeijing，amongwhichthemostsignificantoneisthePalaceMuseum，whichishometoemperorsaswellastheirfamiliesofeachdynasty.ThePalaceMuseum，surroundedinconcentriccirclesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity，hasbeenthecenterofBeijingeversincetheMingDynasty.Eachyear，millionsofvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroadcometovisitit.Withthewintervacationapproaching，thenumberofvisitorstoBeijingwillincreasedramatically.Ifso，you’dbetterbooktheplaneticketsandaccommodationsinadvance.IsincerelyhopeyoucanmakeittoChinathisvacationandI’mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Bytheway，Iamwillingtoserveasyourguide.Yourssincerely，LiHua教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]eager→eagerly→eagerness；puzzle→puzzled→puzzling；fascinate→fascinating→fascinated[动作描写]breakawayfrom；belongto；surround；battle；keepyoureyesopen(for)；approach；greet；crowd美句1.Itsbeautifulcountrysideexcitesandinspiresall，offeringsomethingforeachofthesenses.(拟人修辞)2.Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，withitsrollinggreenhillsdottedwithsheepandcattle.(比喻修辞)3.Anddownbythesea，theroaroftheoceanwavesandcriesoftheseabirdsmakeupthemusicofthecoast.(环境描写)4.Onaquietmorninginthemountains，feelthesunonyourskin，andbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.(动作描写＋拟人修辞)5.Withallthisbeauty，itisnotsurprisingthatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancinganddining.(情感描写)拓展语料积累自然环境细节描写(二)单词thundern．/v.雷声；打雷；springn．春天；泉水；horizonn．地平线；dewn．露水；露；colourfuladj.五彩斑斓的；freezingadj.极冷的；snow-coveredadj.积雪覆盖的；frozenadj.结冰的；goldenadj.金黄色的词块springshowers春雨；cherryblossoms樱花盛开；lookliketheboundlessyellowcarpet看起来像无边无际的黄色地毯；aseasonforharvest/revival丰收/复苏的季节；becoveredwithalayerofgreen覆盖一层绿色；bedottedwithshiningstars繁星点点；wrinklethesurfaceofthelake使湖面泛起波纹；bebathedinthegoldensunshine沐浴在金色的阳光下；tallbrancheswavinginthewind高高的树枝在风中摇曳句型1.Springthunderrumbledwithcontinuousrainwhichmoistenedthewholeearth.春雷隆隆，连绵的雨水滋润着整个大地。2.Withspringapproaching，theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.随着春天的临近，大地被覆盖了一层绿色。3.Thesunjustcreptoutoftheeasternhorizonandraysofgoldenredpenetratedthroughthewhitecloudsandacrossthesky.太阳刚刚从东方的地平线上爬出来，数缕金红色的光线穿透了白云，划过天空。4.Thegroundwascoveredwithtendergrass，onwhosebladessomedewdropswereglisteninginthesunshine.地上长满了嫩草，叶子上一些露珠在阳光下闪闪发光。5.Agentlebreezecameup，wrinklingthesurfaceofthelake.Itwasreallyabeautifulmorning.(分词作状语)一阵微风吹过，使湖面泛起波纹。这真是一个美丽的早晨。6.Birdsflewaroundthewoodssingingcheerfullyandrestlessly.(拟人修辞)鸟儿在树林里飞翔，不停地欢唱。7.Itwasaclearstreamwhichranquitemerrilyalongonitsnarrowwaythroughthedampgreenness.穿过这片潮湿的绿草地，一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的水道欢快地流淌着。语料运用人与自然Withspringapproaching，①theearthgetscoveredwithalayerofgreen.Onabeautifulmorning，westartedourcampingoutofcity.Asweapproachedthecampsite②surroundedbymountains(过去分词作定语)，wecouldhardlycontainourexcitement.Onreachingthere，mymomopenedthedoorofthecarimmediately，③chargedoutsideandeagerlyurgedustoputupthetent.Thesurroundinglandscapewassofascinatingthatitwasreallyatruefeastforoureyes.④Bathedinthegoldensunshine(分词作状语)，welayonthegrasswithalightheart.Birdsweresinginghappily⑤asiftheywerewarmlygreetingus(asif引导方式状语从句)．Myfamilychattedcomfortably，⑥sweetmemoriesofthepastcrowdinginonus(独立主格结构)．随着春天的临近，大地被覆盖了一层绿色。在一个美丽的早晨，我们开始在城市外露营。当我们接近群山环绕的露营地时，我们几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。到了之后妈妈马上打开车门，冲到外面，急切地催促我们搭起帐篷。周围的景色如此迷人，真是一场视觉盛宴。沐浴在金色的阳光下，我们躺在草地上，心情轻松。鸟儿在欢快地歌唱，好像它们在热情地迎接我们。我们全家舒舒服服地聊天，过去的美好回忆涌上我们的心头。高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A★Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”，isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿非洲种)．ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and，basedonevidencefromitssurroundings，wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists，becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans，thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason，scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis，asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago，wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles，ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana，US，usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks，whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射线)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied，thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear；thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherocks(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives，sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However，teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears，atonly2,500milesaway，thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨的年代比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.”和第二段的“Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed‘MrsPles’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。2．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”？A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks...thesurvivingamountreveals...onthesurface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。3．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，...”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的谜题，因此最好的题目是B选项“AncestorMysterySolved”。故选B。B★AnewstudyanalyzingstonetoolsfromsouthernChinaprovidestheearliestevidenceofriceharvesting，datingtoasearlyas10,000yearsago.Theresearchersidentifiedtwomethodsofharvestingrice，whichhelpedstartricedomestication.Toharvestrice，somesortoftoolswouldhavebeenneeded.“Forquitealongtime，oneofthepuzzleshasbeenthatharvestingtoolshavenotbeenfoundinsouthernChinafromtheearlyNeolithicperiodorNewStoneAge(10,000－7,000BeforePresent)—thetimeperiodwhenweknowricebegantobedomesticated，”saysleadauthorJiajingWang，anassistantpr