天津市静海区第四中学2024-2025学年高一英语11月份四校联考试题含解析

PAGE21-天津市静海区第四中学2024-2025学年高一英语11月份四校联考试题（含解析）试卷满分120分。考试时间100分钟。第一节听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。（共5题，每题1分，共5分）1.Whattimeisitnow?A.1:15p.m.B.2:15p.m.C.3:15p.m.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.AballB.AboyC.Ahat3.Wherearetheman’sglovesprobably?A.Inhisschoolbag.B.Inhispocket.C.Onthesofa.4.Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Snowy.5.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Washthecups.B.Cleanthefloor.C.Cleanthewindows.其次节听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。（共10题，每题1.5分，共15分）听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。6.Whichsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.Science.B.Maths.C.Physics.7Whatdoesthemanthinkofphysics?AInteresting.B.Boring.C.Difficult.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。8.HowlongdidthemanstayinLosAngeles?A.Forthreedays.B.Foraweek.C.Fortendays.9.Howdidthemangetaroundthecity?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.BySubway.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Buyanewtoothbrush.B.Gotothesupermarket.C.Shopinthecountryside.11.Whywon’tthemantakehiscamera?A.It’sbrokendown.B.Helentittoafriend.C.Heconsidersitunnecessary.12.Whoisthewomanspeakingto?A.Herhusband.B.Herbrother.C.Herson.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。13.Whathappenedtothewoman’sbrotherlastyear?A.Hehurthislegwhileplayingfootball.B.Hewasbeatenupbyhisclassmates.C.Hebrokehisarmsinagame.14Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A.Watchingfootballgames.B.Playingfootball.C.Readingbooks.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoffootball?A.Difficult.B.Safe.C.Popular.完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）AWelcomeGiftDarioandhismotherlovedtheirnewapartment.Thelivingroomwaslargeenoughfortheirpiano.Thatnight,thetwoofthem___1___sidebysideatthepiano.Theyplayedjazzmusictocelebratetheirnewhome.Theloud___2___filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.Thenextmorning,___3___,theirhappinessdisappeared.Someonehadlefta___4___undertheirdoorduringthenight.Oneoftheirneighborshadwrittentocomplainaboutthesoundofthepiano.Dario’smotheraskedthebuildingsuperintendent(管理员)ifheknewanythingaboutit.Buthesaidthattheywereall___5___peopleandhecouldn’timagineanyofthemhaddonethat.Laterthatmorning,Dariosuggestedthattheywritealettertotheir___6___andapologizefortheirplaying.“Maybewecouldgoand___7___everyoneinperson.”hismothersaid.“Whatifweinvitedthemtocomeherefora___8___instead?”Darioasked.Theybothlovedthe___9___.Overthenextfewdays,theysentoutinvitationsandprepareddesserts_____10_____theirguests.Theydecoratedtheapartmentwithstreamers(彩带)andpartylights.Finallythedayoftheparty_____11_____.Someguestsbroughtpresents.Othersbroughtflowers.Someevenbroughtdessertsto_____12_____.Onewoman,Mrs.Gilbert,_____13_____Dario’smotherwithabookofpianomusicbyChopin.“Iheardyouplayingtheothernight,”shesaid.“Thesoundswokemeoutofbed.I_____14_____thatyoumightplaylikethiseverynight.SoIwroteashortnote.Ihopeyoudon’tthinkIdislikedtheplaying.”Dario’smothersmiledatMrs.Gilbert.“Ithinkmaybewe_____15_____youanapology.”shesaid.“Ididn’t_____16_____howlateitwaswhenwewereplaying.Maybeweshouldplaysomequietermusicatnight.”“Youplay,youplay!”Mrs.Gilbertsaid.“Ilikewhatyouplay!Justnotsoloudatnight.”Shepointedtothebookshehadgiventhem.“Thesesongsarenotsuch_____17_____music.”“Thesesongsarebeautifulmusic.”Dario’smothersaid.“Wewillbe_____18_____toplaythemintheevening.”“Andwewon’tplaysoloudorlate!”Dariosaid.Hewasalreadylookingforwardto_____19_____thenewmusic.Morethanthat,however,hewashappytoseethebigsmileonhismother’sface.Itgavehimafeelingof_____20_____andmadehimfeelthattheywerehomeatlast.1.A.sat B.stood C.lay D.walked2.A.voice B.ring C.music D.cry3.A.therefore B.however C.otherwise D.instead4.A.note B.poster C.bill D.report5.A.proud B.rich C.lucky D.nice6.A.neighbors B.friends C.relatives D.audience7.A.blame B.instruct C.question D.visit8.A.party B.concert C.show D.play9.A.experience B.idea C.performance D.action10.A.to B.with C.for D.from11.A.continued B.arrived C.passed D.finished12.A.order B.sell C.share D.advertise13.A.treated B.presented C.helped D.served14.A.promised B.admitted C.agreed D.worried15.A.give B.send C.offer D.owe16.A.realize B.remember C.understand D.accept17.A.sweet B.strange C.funny D.loud18.A.brave B.sorry C.happy D.afraid19.A.changing B.practicing C.recording D.writing20.A.equality B.freedom C.warmth D.sympathy【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.A7.D8.A9.B10.C11.B12.C13.B14.D15.D16.A17.D18.C19.B20.C【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲解并描述了有一对喜爱弹奏钢琴的母子搬到了新公寓，有一天晚上他们弹奏到很晚，影响到其他邻居，他们感觉到愧疚，所以办了一个聚会邀请邻居，这受到大家的欢迎。【1题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：Dario和妈妈并排坐在钢琴旁。A.sat坐；B.stood站；C.lay躺；D.walked走路。依据空后的sidebysideatthepiano可知，他们应当是坐在钢琴旁边弹奏。故选A。【2题详解】本题考查语境推断之原词复现。句意：吵闹的音乐充溢了整个房间。A.voice声音；B.ring铃声；C.music音乐；D.cry哭泣。依据上文中的Theyplayedjazzmusic可知，这里应当是吵闹的音乐（music）充溢了整个房间。故选C。【3题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：然而其次天华蜜消逝了。A.therefore所以；B.however然而；C.otherwise否则；D.instead而不是。依据上文中的madethemfeelveryhappy以及空后的theirhappinessdisappeared可知，此处应为转折关系。故选B。【4题详解】本题考查语境推断之原词复现。句意：有人晚上在他们的门下面留有一张纸条。A.note纸条；B.poster海报；C.bill账单；D.report报告。依据下文中的Oneoftheirneighborshadwrittentocomplainaboutthesoundofthepiano可知，这里指一张便条。故选A。【5题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：他们人都特别好。A.proud傲慢的；B.rich富有的；C.lucky幸运的；D.nice好的。依据下文中的hecouldn’timagineanyofthemhaddonethat可知，主子公想向管理员询问，哪一位邻居可能是那位留言的埋怨者，可管理者也并不能指出，大家通常都是通情达理的。故选D。【6题详解】本题考查语境推断之同义转化。句意：Dario建议给邻居写一封致歉信。由上文邻居埋怨钢琴的声音可知，这里是向邻居致歉。故选A。【7题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：或许我们可以一个一个的去探望他们。A.blame责怪；B.instruct指导；C.question质疑；D.visit探望。依据wecouldgo和inperson可知，这里是表示探望每一个人。故选D。【8题详解】本题考查语境推断之原词复现。句意：办一个聚会邀请邻居们参与怎么样。A.party聚会；B.concert音乐会；C.show展示；D.play玩。依据下文中的partylights和thedayoftheparty可知，他们是想邀请邻居举办一个聚会。故选A。【9题详解】本题考查词义推断之词义辨析。句意：他们都喜爱办聚会这个想法。A.experience经验；B.idea观点，想法；C.performance表演；D.action行动。母子准备办派对，这是一个准备，一个办法，而不是经验、表演表现或行为。故选B。【10题详解】本题考查词义推断之词义辨析。句意：他们发送邀请，并准备了甜点。preparesbforsth是固定搭配，意为“为某人准备某物”，这里指母子办派对，为款待客人们准备了甜点。故选C。【11题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：聚会的这一天到了。A.continued接着；B.arrived到达；C.passed通过；D.finished完成。依据上文中的Someguestsbroughtpresents可知，他们想举办的聚会，这一天最终到来了。故选B。【12题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：一些邻居带了甜点来共享。A.order点餐，吩咐；B.sell卖；C.share共享；D.advertise做广告。依据语境，因为是参与聚会，所以一些邻居带了甜点来共享。故选C。【13题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：Mrs.Gilbert送给他的妈妈一本肖邦的音乐书。A.treated对待；B.presented赠送；C.helped帮助；D.served服务。Mrs．Gilbert送给了Dario的妈妈一本音乐书，故选B。【14题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：我担忧你可能每天晚上都会这样弹奏。A.promised许诺；B.admitted承认；C.agreed同意；D.worried担忧。依据下文中的Youmightplaylikethiseverynight可知，这里应当是Mrs.Gilbert当时很担忧每天晚上都会这么吵。故选D。【15题详解】本题考查词义推断之词义辨析。句意：我觉得我们应当欠你一个致歉。A.give给；B.send发送；C.offer供应；D.owe欠。owesbsth意为“感谢，欠某人……”，这个空可以看作是固定搭配，owesb．anapology意为“应当向某人致歉”。故选D。【16题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：我们弹得时候没有意识到这么晚了。A.realize意识到；B.remember记得；C.understand理解；D.accept接受。依据上下文内容可知，这里表示Dario的妈妈致歉说：“我也没意识到当时那么晚了我们还在弹钢琴。”故选A。【17题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：这些音乐不是大声音乐。A.sweet甜蜜的；B.strange惊奇的；C.funny好玩的；D.loud大声的。依据上一句Ilikewhatyouplay!Justnotsoloudatnight.可知，Mrs．Gilbert不喜爱那么吵的音乐，因此她送了Dario的妈妈一本比较宁静的音乐书，也就是不那么吵的音乐（notsuchloudmusic）。故选D。【18题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：我们很快乐在晚上弹奏。A.brave英勇的；B.sorry愧疚；C.happy兴奋的；D.afraid胆怯 。依据上文Thesesongsarebeautifulmusic可知，Dario的妈妈很喜爱这些音乐，所以他们应当是很兴奋在晚上弹奏。故选C。【19题详解】本题考查语境推断之逻辑关系。句意：他总是期盼练习新的音乐。A.changing变更；B.practicing练习；C.recording记录；D.writing写。依据语境可知，因为是新音乐，所以Dario很期盼练习音乐。故选B。【20题详解】本题考查语境推断之其他线索。句意：这使他充溢暖和感。A.equality同等；B.freedom自由；C.warmth暖和；D.sympathy怜悯。依据下文中的madehimfeelthattheywerehomeatlast可知，他们融入了新的生活，应当有暖和的感觉。故选C。【点睛】易错分析：Theloud___2___filledtheroomandmadethemfeelveryhappy.2.A.voiceB.ringC.musicD.cry本题简单误选A项voice，但voice是指“嗓音；说话声；歌颂声”，但依据上文内容可知，是指弹奏出来的爵士乐声，所以应当选C。阅读下列短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AWhenIwassix,Dadbroughthomeadogoneday,whowascalled“Brownie”.MybrothersandIalllovedBrownieanddiddifferentthingswithher.Oneofuswouldwalkher,anotherwouldfeedher,thentherewerebaths,playingcatchandmanyothergames.Brownie,inreturn,lovedeachandeveryoneofus.Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.Wealwaysfeltbetterwhenshewasaround.Oneday,asIwasgettingherfood,shechewedup(咬破)oneofDad’sshoes,whichhadtobethrownawayintheend.IknewDadwouldbemadandIhadtoletherknowwhatshedidwaswrong.WhenIlookedatherandsaid,“Badgirl,”shelookeddownatthegroundandthenwentandhid.Isawatearinhereyes.Brownieturnedouttobemorethanjustourfamilypet.Shewenteverywherewithus.Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpather.Ofcourseshe’dletanyonepather.Shewasjustthemostlovabledog.Thereweremanytimeswhenwe’dbeoutwalkingandasmallchildwouldcomeoverandpullonherhair.sheneverbarked(吠)ortriedtogetaway.Funnythingisthatshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.Farfromthetruth,shelovedeveryone.NowmanyyearshavepassedsinceBrowniediedofoldage.Istillmissdayswhenshewaswithus.21.WhatwouldBrowniedowhensomeonewasillinthefamily?A.Lookatthemsadly. B.Keepthemcompany.C.Playgameswiththem. D.Touchthemgently.22.WecaninferfromParagraph2thatBrownie______.A.wouldeatanythingwhenhungryB.feltsorryforhermistakeC.lovedplayinghide-and-seekD.dislikedtheauthor’sdad23.WhydoestheauthorsaythatBrowniewasmorethanjustafamilypet?A.Shewastreatedasamemberofthefamily.B.Sheplayedgameswithanyonesheliked.C.Shewaslovedbyeverybodyshemet.D.Shewenteverywherewiththefamily.24.SomepeoplegotfrightenedbyBrowniewhenshe______.A.smiled B.barked.C.rushedtothem D.triedtobefunny25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.Shy. B.Polite. C.Brave. D.Caring.【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D【解析】本文讲解并描述了作者家的一只小狗Brownie的故事。从作者讲解并描述的故事看出小狗很爱主子，很忠诚。【21题详解】细微环节理解题，依据第一段的句子：Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.(最触动我的心的是它常常去陪着那些生病的人。)可知小狗总是陪着生病的人。故选B。【22题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段最终一行Shelookeddownatthegroundandthenwentandhid.Isawatearinhereyes.(它看向地面然后走去藏了起来，我望见他哭了。)说明它也为自己做的错事感觉胆怯 。故选B。【23题详解】推理推断题。依据文章最终一段.Peoplewouldstopandaskiftheycouldpether.Ofcourseshe'dletanyonepether.(人们会停下来问他们是否可以逗她，当然她会让任何人逗她。)说明见到它的人都很喜爱它，它不仅仅是我家宠物，全部人都喜爱它，故C正确。【24题详解】细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终两行.Funnythingisshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.好玩的是她会笑。这吓坏了人们，因为他们以为她在展示她的牙齿。故A项正确。【25题详解】推理推断题。依据上下文的描写突出loveeachandeveryone(爱每一个人，第三段中Shewasjustthemostlovabledog(她是最可爱的狗)，都做出了示意，可知它是一只有怜悯心的、爱护的狗。故选D[点睛]英语高考阅读理解细微环节题解题技巧一、语义转换题——跳读查找法这是做事实细微环节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常状况下，细微环节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能依据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特殊留意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。依据近几年的考题状况来看，现在很少有干脆用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行肯定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。比如第41小题，细微环节理解题，依据第一段的句子：Onethingthatmosttouchedmyheartwasthatshewouldgotowhoeverwassickandjustbewiththem.最触动我的心的是它常常去陪着那些生病的人。可知小狗总是陪着生病的人。四个选项中B.Keepthemcompany.和文中“bewiththem”意思接近，可知正确答案是B。比如第44小题，SomepeoplegotfrightenedbyBrowniewhenshe______.人们会被吓到当Brownie做什么时？细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终两行.Funnythingisshewouldsmile.Thisfrightenedpeoplebecausetheythoughtshewasshowingherteeth.好玩的是她会笑。这吓坏了人们，因为他们以为她在展示她的牙齿。说明A正确。二、生活应用题——常识理解法生活应用题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上结合肯定的生活常识进行推断。不过，好玩的是，高考有时会出现一些“低级”常识推断题，即无需看懂文章，也可选出最佳答案。三、细微环节排序题——首尾定位法这种试题要求考生依据动作发生的先后依次和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事务发生的正确依次。同学们在做这种题时可采纳“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个动作和最终一个动作，快速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。四、找寻信息题——题干定位法快速找寻信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时辰表等。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采纳“题干定位法”。BAtthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywoodRanch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Fromthe1910stothe1950sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld.Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplin,GretaGarbo,IngridBergmanandhundredsmore.ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.Atfirst，peoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates.ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofsuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlight，thewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetomakefilms.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountains，seaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm.WhenTVbecamepopular,Hollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.AfteraboutthirtyyearstheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeoplewatchthemallovertheworld.26.Hollywoodusedtobea__________.A.cinema B.bigfarm C.park D.market27.Inthe1910sHollywoodbecamea__________.A.famoustheater B.goodplacetohaveholidaysC.filmcenter D.homeforstars28.Whowasnotmentionedasafilmstarinthepassage?A.CharlieChaplin. B.MarilynMonroe.C.IngridBergman. D.GretaGarbo.29.PeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmsbecause__________.A.itwasabeautifulplace B.youcouldfindmanyfilmstarsC.therewasalotofsunlight D.itwasafamousplace30.Whichstatementistrue?A.Thewestcoastwasabetterplacetomakefilms.B.TherearenomountainsnearHollywood.C.Peoplenolongerwenttothecinemaaftertelevisionbecamepopular.D.HollywoodbegantomakefilmsfortelevisionaftertheWorldWarI.【答案】26.B27.C28.B29.C30.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了好莱坞的起源和发展历程。【26题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段前三句“Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywoodRanch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.”可知，闻名的好莱坞以前是一个大型农场。故选B项。【27题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段第四句“Fromthe1910stothe1950sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld.”可知，20世纪10年头到40年头，好莱坞都是世界的电影中心。故选C项。【28题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplin,GretaGarbo,IngridBergmanandhundredsmore.”可知，文中提到了查理·卓别林、葛丽泰·嘉宝玛和英格丽·褒曼，而丽莲·梦露的名字并未提及。故选B项。【29题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段前三句“ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.Atfirst，peoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates.ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofsuneveryyear.”可知，正是因为好莱坞地区阳光充足，适合电影拍摄，所以人们都去好莱坞拍电影。故选C项。【30题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段第四句“Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlight，thewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetomakefilms.”可知，正是因为西岸阳光充足，所以更加适合电影拍摄。故选A项。CGerms(细菌)areeverywhere.Youcan’tseethem,buttheyareonyourdesk,onyourcomputer,andevenintheair!Likepeople,germsmovearoundtheworld.Theyflywithusonplanes.Whenfood,clothes,andotherthingstravelaroundtheworld,germstravel,too.Somegermsaresafe,butsomearedangerous.Germscauseillnesseslikecoldsandtheflu.WarmerWeatherBringsGermsTheworld’sweatherischanging.Coolercountriesaregettingwarmer,soinsectsfromhotcountriescanmovethere.Someoftheseinsects,likemosquitoes,carrydangerousgerms.Thesegermscauseheadaches,fever,andcanevenkillpeople.UnderYourSkinYourskinprotectsyoufromgerms.Itstopssomegerms,butnotall.Theycanenteryourbodywhenyoueat,orwhenyouhaveacut.Germsareonyourhands,too.Theyenteryourbodywhenyoutouchyoureyes,nose,ormouth.FightingGermsYourimmunesystem(免疫系统)protectsyou,too.Whengermsgetinsideyourbody,yourimmunesystemfindsandkillsthem.Specialcells(细胞)movearoundyourbodyandfightgerms.Theyhelpyoustayhealthy.Othercellsmakeantibodies.Antibodieshelpyourbodyfindandstopgerms.Whatcanyoudotofightgerms?Youshouldwashyourhandswithsoapandwater.Soapkillsmanygerms,andwaterwashesthemaway.31.Accordingtothetext,insects______.A.killgerms B.carrygerms C.protectgerms D.lovegerms32.Theunderlinedword“there”refersto______.A.coolercountries B.hotcountries C.everywhere D.theworld33.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothetext?A.Allgermsaredangerous. B.Therearemoregermsincoldplaces.C.Soapcankillallgerms. D.Germscangetintoyourbody.34.Whatdoantibodiesdo?A.Theykillgermsandwashthemaway. B.Theyfindanddevelopgerms.C.Theyhelpprotectusfromgerms. D.Theycarrydangerousgerms.35.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthistext?A.GermsAreEverywhere B.WeatherIsChangingC.SkinStopsGerms D.GermsAreDeveloped【答案】31.B32.A33.D34.C35.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白细菌无所不在，介绍了细菌传播的一些方式和人体上一些可以爱护人们不受细菌侵害的组织。最终指出应当用肥皂和水洗手。肥皂可以杀死许多细菌，水可以把它们冲走。【31题详解】细微环节理解题。依据WarmerWeatherBringsGerms部分中Someoftheseinsects,likemosquitoes,carrydangerousgerms.可知其中一些昆虫，如蚊子，携带着危急的细菌。由此可知，昆虫会携带细菌。故选B。【32题详解】词义揣测题。依据划线词上文Coolercountriesaregettingwarmer,soinsectsfromhotcountriescanmove可知凉快的国家变得越来越温煦，所以燥热国家的昆虫可以迁移到更为凉快的国家。由此可知，there指的是“更冷的国家”。故选A。【33题详解】细微环节理解题。依据UnderYourSkin部分中Germsareonyourhands,too.Theyenteryourbodywhenyoutouchyoureyes,nose,ormouth.可知你的手上也有细菌。当你触摸眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴时，它们就会进入你的身体。由此可知，D选项“细菌可以进入你的身体”正确。故选D。【34题详解】细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段中Antibodieshelpyourbodyfindandstopgerms.可知抗体帮助你的身体发觉和阻挡细菌。由此可知，抗体的作用是帮助我们免受细菌的损害。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段Germs(细菌)areeverywhere.Youcan’tseethem,buttheyareonyourdesk,onyourcomputer,andevenintheair!可知细菌无处不在。你看不见它们，但它们在你的桌子上，在你的电脑上，甚至在空气中！结合文章主要说明白细菌无所不在，介绍了细菌传播的一些方式和人体上一些可以爱护人们不受细菌侵害的组织。最终指出应当用肥皂和水洗手。肥皂可以杀死许多细菌，水可以把它们冲走。由此可知，A选项“细菌无处不在”最符合文章标题。故选A。阅读下面的短文，并依据短文后的要求答题（请留意问题后的字数要求）。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saystherehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofchildrenindevelopingcountrieswhoweightoomuch.InAfricancountries,theWHOsaysthenumberofoverweightorobesechildrenistwotimesashighasitwas20yearsago.Aroundtheworld,about43millionchildrenundertheageoffivewereoverweightin2011.Doctorsuseheight,weightandagetomeasurewhetherapersonisunderweight,normal,orobese.Overweightchildrenaremorelikelytobecomeoverweightorobeseadults.Theconditioncanleadtoserioushealthproblemslikediabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.FrancescoBranca,directoroftheWHODepartmentofNutritionforHealthandDevelopment,sayspeopleareeatingmanufacturedorprocessedfoodmoreoften,whichoftenhasahighsugar，fatandsaltcontent.Anotherreasonofgainingweightisthecitylifestyle.Theytravelincarsorothervehiclesmorethanonfoot,andhavelessphysicalactivitiesingeneral.Mr.Brancasaysreducingthenumberofoverweightchildrenwillnotbeeasy.Hesaysthegoalisdifficulttomeeteveninwealthycountries.TheWHOhassomebasicsolutionsforindividuals（个人）:toloweryourin-takeoffat,sugar,saltandprocessedfood,eatmorefruitandvegetables,andincreasephysicalactivity.Theseactionsareespeciallyimportantforchildrenandgovernmentsshouldconcernprovidingvitaminforchildren.Reducingthenumberofoverweightchildrenwillnotbeeasy.Thegoalisdifficulttomeeteveninwealthycountries.Educationalcampaignsaboutproblemslinkedtoobesitywouldalsohelp.Foodmanufacturesmustbalancequalityandtastewiththedangersofsugar,fatandsalt.ThecurrentgoaloftheWHO’sWorldHealthAssemblyistopreventanincreaseinthepercentageofoverweightchildrenduringthenexttwelveyears.36.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan15words)37.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"obese"inParagraph2?(Nomorethantwowords)38.Whatdiseasescanoverweightorobesityleadto?(Nomorethan10words)39.Whydopeopleputonweighteasily?(Nomorethan12words)40.Ifyouareoverweightorobese,whatshouldyoudo?(Nomorethan20words)【答案】36.Therehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofobesechildrenindevelopingcountries/thenumberofobesechildrenindevelopingcountriesisincreasingsharply.37.veryfat/overweight38.diabetes,heartdiseaseandstrokeandsoon。.39.Eatingmanufacturedorprocessedfoodmoreoften,andthecitylifestyle.40.Loweringmyin-takeoffatsugarsaltandprocessedfood，eatingmorefruitandvegetables,andincreasingphysicalactivity.【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。世卫组织称发展中国家的儿童肥胖现象越来越严峻，文章分析了肥胖形成的缘由并供应了明确的建议，还指出要想降低肥胖儿童的数量并非易事。【36题详解】主旨大意题。问题：文章的主旨是什么？（15字以内）这是新闻报道类的文章，第一句“TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saystherehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofchildrenindevelopingcountrieswhoweightoomuch.”世界卫生组织（WHO）说，发展中国家体重过重的儿童数量急剧增加。即点明白主要内容，故答作：Therehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofobesechildrenindevelopingcountries或thenumberofobesechildrenindevelopingcountriesisincreasingsharply。【37题详解】词句揣测题。问题：其次段中下划线单词“obese”是什么意思？（2字以内）依据其次段中划线词所在句“Doctorsuseheight,weightandagetomeasurewhetherapersonisunderweight,normal,orobese.”可知，医生将人依据体重水平分为偏瘦、正常和obese三种，前文中Aroundtheworld,about43millionchildrenundertheageoffivewereoverweightin2011年，全世界约有4300万5岁以下儿童超重，简单推断obese就是“肥胖的，过重的”的意思。故答作：veryfat或overweight。【38题详解】细微环节理解题。问题：超重或肥胖会导致哪些疾病？（10字以内）依据第三段“Overweightchildrenaremorelikelytobecomeoverweightorobeseadults.Theconditioncanleadtoserioushealthproblemslikediabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.”可知，肥胖可以导致糖尿病、心脏病、中风等严峻疾病。故答作：diabetes,heartdiseaseandstrokeandsoon。【39题详解】细微环节理解题。问题：为什么人们简单发胖？（12字以内）依据第四段中“sayspeopleareeatingmanufacturedorprocessedfoodmoreoften,whichoftenhasahighsugar.fatandsaltcontent.”和“Anotherreasonofgainingweightisthecitylifestyle.”可知，摄入含过多糖分、脂肪的加工食品以及缺乏运动的生活方式是导致肥胖的主要缘由。故答作：Eatingmanufacturedorprocessedfoodmoreoften,andthecitylifestyle。【40题详解】开放性试题。问题：假如你患肥胖，应当怎么做？（20字以内）依据第六段第一句“TheWHOhassomebasicsolutionsforindividuals（个人）:toloweryourin-takeoffat,sugar,saltandprocessedfood,eatmorefruitandvegetables,andincreasephysicalactivity.”可知，想要解决肥胖问题，个人应当少吃加工食品，多吃蔬菜水果，增加运动量。故答作：Loweringmyin-takeoffatsugarsaltandprocessedfood，eatingmorefruitandvegetables,andincreasingphysicalactivity。语篇填空，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。Thefatherandgrandfatherareplayingchess___41___（坐)atthetable,___42___theboycomesin.Theboy___43___(走进)thetable___44___(nervous)andaskshisfatherto___45___（谈一谈）withhimabouthisfuture___46___（职业、事业）.Hedecidesnot___47___(go)touniversityandhewantsto___48___(关注)hisband.Thefatherfeels___49___(surprise)becausehealwaysexpectstheboytobea___50___(law).Hearingtheirconversation,thegrandfather___51___(advice)theboytothinkcarefullybefore___52___(jump)inwithbothfeet.Inthegrandfather’sview,iftheboyattendsuniversityandplaysmusic___53___,hewillhavetwo___54___(选择).Perhapstheboywillfindajobthatsuitshis___55___(天赋).【答案】41.seated/sitting42.when43.approaches44.nervously45.haveachat/chat46.career47.togo48.focuson49.surprised50.lawyer51.advises52.jumping53.atthesametime54.options55.talents【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了一个小故事，一个男孩来找父亲表示自己不想上高校，准备一心一意经营乐队，一旁爷爷则让他考虑清晰再做确定。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩进来的时候，爸爸和爷爷正坐在桌子旁边下棋。分析句子可知，空白处须要非谓语动词作状语，可以用sit表示“坐下”，此时sit与主语thefatherandgrandfather之间属于主动关系，用现在分词形式；也可以用seat表示“使就坐”，此时seat与主语之间属于被动关系，要用过去分词形式。故填seated或sitting。【42题详解】考查时间状语。句意：男孩进来的时候，爸爸和爷爷正坐在桌子旁边下棋。分析句子可知，前后句主干成分都完整，考虑两个动作是同时发生的，应当认为后句作时间状语，要用when来引导，表示“当……时”。故填when。【43题详解】考查时态和主谓一样。句意：男孩担忧地走近桌子，并让他爸爸跟他谈谈将来的事业。从前文内容来看，文章的时态是一般现在时，对于第三人称单数主语theboy，谓语动词approach要用第三人称单数形式。故填approaches。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：男孩担忧地走近桌子，并让他爸爸跟他谈谈将来的事业。这里nervous修饰谓语动词，要用副词形式。故填nervously。【45题详解】考查动词。句意：男孩担忧地走近桌子，并让他爸爸跟他谈谈将来的事业。这里要用动词chat或短语haveachat表示“谈一谈”，在不定式中用动词原形。故填haveachat或chat。【46题详解】考查名词。句意：男孩担忧地走近桌子，并让他爸爸跟他谈谈将来的事业。这里要用名词career表示“事业，职业”。故填career。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他确定不上高校，想多关注自己的乐队。decidetodosth.意为“确定做某事”，其否定形式为decidenottodosth.，即其后要接不定式。故填togo。【48题详解】考查动词短语。句意：他确定不上高校，想多关注自己的乐队。这里要用动词短语focuson表示“关注”，在不定式中用动词原形。故填focuson。【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：男孩的爸爸觉得很惊诧，因为他始终期望孩子能当个律师。这里强调的是人的主观感受，要用surprised表示“惊异的”。故填surprised。【50题详解】考查名词。句意：男孩的爸爸觉得很惊诧，因为他始终期望孩子能当个律师。这里要用名词lawyer表示“律师”。故填lawyer。【51题详解】考查时态和主谓一样。句意：听到他们的对话后，爷爷建议男孩在一心一意投入之前先仔细想好。从前文内容来看，文章的时态是一般现在时，对于第三人称单数主语thegrandfather，谓语动词advice要用第三人称单