2021-2022学年辽宁省营口市普通高中高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年辽宁省营口市普通高中高一上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题试卷说明：试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，试题卷中第Ⅰ卷为选择题，答案选项填在答题卷选择题答题表中，用答题卡的学校涂在答题卡相应题号上；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，答案一律答在答题卷相应位置上。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherewillthespeakersgofortheirvacation?A.China.B.Cambodia.C.Greece.2.Whoisworkingonabook?A.Tom.B.Thewoman.C.Rita.3.Whatdoesthemandoeverymorning?A.Walkthedog.B.Runinthepark.C.Walkfast.4WhatwillClairedoonSaturday?A.Buybirthdaygifts.B.Visitherbrother.C.Gototheparty.5.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Painful.B.Cold.C.Tired.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whathasthewomandonewiththeman’spaper?A.Shehashandeditin.B.Shehasgradedit.C.Shehasreadit.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthepaper?A.Terrible.B.Creative.C.Justso-so.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirhobbies.B.Theirfitness.C.Theirmemories.9.WhatdothespeakersthinkofMr.Green?A.Inspiring.B.Understanding.C.Generous.10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Husbandandwife.C.Formerclassmates.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whydoesthewomanaskthemanforhelp?A.ShehasnoideawhoJudyshouldmeet.B.Shedoesn’tknowwhichcoursestotake.C.Sheisnotsurewhattodoattheweekend.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heistooshytomeetothers.B.Hesharessimilarinterestswiththewoman.C.Heisamemberofthepaintingcenter.13.Howmanypeoplewillspendtheweekendtogether?A.Three.B.Five.C.Two.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Correctlettersofrecommendation.B.Applytograduateschool.C.Findajobintheschool.15.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Hemissedthedeadline.B.Heforgottheuniversityreports.C.Hefailedtogetanofferforhisdreamjob.16.Howmuchistheapplicationfeeatpresent?A.$30.B.$40.C.$50.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhendidYangMeigraduatefromuniversity?A.In1980.B.In2000.C.In2008.18.WhydidYangMeireturntoherhometown?A.Tolearnteaplanting.BTolookafterherfather.C.Toworkasavillageleader.19.WhohelpedYangMeiwithmoneytorealizeherdream?A.Herfamily.B.Teafarmers.C.Thelocalgovernment.20.HowdidYangMeihelpvillagersincreasetheirincomes?A.Bypromotingtheirproductsinlocaltowns.B.Bycooperatingwiththemtoexporttea.C.Byhiringthemtoworkinthecompany.第二部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。AWhatlimitsyoufromhikingmoreoften?Ifnothavingasuitablehikingpartneriskeepingyououtofthewoods,whynottakealookatthegreathikingclubsacrossCanada?●YukonOutdoorsClubMembershipcost:$10forasinglemembershipDescription:Thecluborganizesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,andcross-countryskiingtripsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluableinformation.Thetripsareopentoeveryoneandrangefromeasytomoderatetodifficult.●UBCVarsityOutdoorClubMembershipcost:Students$40;non-UBCstudents$60Description:TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClubisasocialgroupthathikesandrockclimbs.Membersleadtripsrunskillsworkshops,andhostpresentations.Memberscanborrowequipmentfromtheclub.TheUBCVOChasalsoconstructedafewhutsintheCoastMountains.●PenderHarborHikingGroupMembershipcost:FreeDescription:ThePenderHarbourHikingGroupoffersawayformemberstomeetlike-mindedindividualsandgetfit.Hikesarescheduledtwomonthsinadvance,socheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat'srightforyou!HikesareusuallyoneandahalftotwohourslongeveryMondayandWednesdaymorning,butsomefull-dayhikesarescheduled,dependingonmemberinterest.●VernonOutdoorsClubMembershipcost:Asinglemembershipis$25,andstudentspay$10.Childrenarefreewhentheycomewitharegisteredfamilymember.Description:TheVermonOutdoorsClubisanactivegroupthatenjoyshikingandcycling.Membersareencouragedtosharetheiractivityideasandinterests.ThegrouporganizesaTuesdayActivityeachweek.1.Whichcluborganizesitstripsbasedontheirmembers’hikingskills?A.TheYukonOutdoorsClub. B.TheUBCVarsityOutdoorClub.C.ThePenderHarborHikingGroup. D.TheVernonOutdoorsClub.2.WhatdoweknowabouthikesorganizedbythePenderHarborHikingGroup?A.Theyaremostlyheldonweekends.B.Theyarearrangedtwomonthsaheadoftime.C.Theirscheduleisalwaysemailedtothemembers.D.Morefull-dayhikesareofferedthanhalf-dayhikes.3.Mr.andMrs.Smith,togetherwiththeirtwochildren,aged4and6,intendtojointheVernonOutdoorsClub,howmuchwilltheypayforthemembership?A.$70. B.$50.C.$45. D.$35.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的加拿大的俱乐部。包括它们的网址、会费和特色活动。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据YukonOutdoorsClub部分的“Thecluborganizesdayhikes,backpackingtrips,canoetrips,mountainbiking,andcross-countryskiingtripsformemberstogainnewskillsandvaluableinformation.Thetripsareopentoeveryoneandrangefromeasytomoderatetodifficult.(俱乐部为会员组织日间远足、背包旅行、独木舟旅行、山地自行车和越野滑雪旅行，以获得新的技能和有价值的信息。旅行对每个人都是开放的，范围从容易到中等到困难。)”可推断，YukonOutdoorsClub基于会员的远足技能组织旅行。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PenderHarborHikingGroup部分中的“Hikesarescheduledtwomonthsinadvance,socheckthewebsiteregularlytofindahikethat'srightforyou!(徒步旅行的日期两个月前就制定好了，所以定期检查网站，找到一个适合你的徒步旅行)可知，该俱乐部的徒步旅行日程提前两个月就制定好了。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据VernonOutdoorsClub部分中的“Membershipcost:Asinglemembershipis$25,andstudentspay$10.Childrenarefreewhentheycomewitharegisteredfamilymember.(会费：单人25美元，学生10美元，在一个家庭成员带领下的孩子免费)可知，史密斯先生和夫人带两个孩子的费用是，两个孩子免费，因此费用是$25*2=$50。故选B。BThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s.Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses（放大镜）heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirst-microscopes.Hedevelopedtechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes（微生物）.Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhock’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek’soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore;wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A.trainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiologyB.AcuriousamateurwhomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobesC.AtalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordiseaseD.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery5.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inparagraph3refersto________.A.thediscoveryofmicrobesB.Pasteur’stheoryofdiseaseC.Leeuwenhoek’scontributionD.theoriginofthetinyorganism6.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhock’slettersuggest?A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress7.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforwardc.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.d.Leeuwenhoek’sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A.a-d-c-e-b B.d-a-c-e-b C.a-c-d-b-e D.d-a-e-b-c【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荷兰布商AntonivanLeeuwenhoek受放大镜的启发自己研制了显微镜，并利用显微镜发现了微生物，进而对科学界起到了很大的推动作用。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据首段首句“ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.”（微生物学的历史始于荷兰制衣人AntonivanLeeuwenhoek，他没有受过正式的科学教育。）可知，Leeuwenhoek只是业余爱好者。根据最后一句“Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.”（AntonivanLeeuwenhoek从牙齿间取出一些菌斑，并在镜片下进行检查后，发现了一种扭曲的微小生物，他称之为微生物）以及第二段的首句“Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes.”（他向伦敦皇家学会报告的观察结果，是对微生物的最早描述之一。）可知，Leeuwenhoek是微生物研究的先驱。综上所述，AntonivanLeeuwenhoek是对微生物进行开创性研究的好奇的业余爱好者。故选B项。【5题详解】词义猜测题。划线词的this是关键词，指代上文内容。根据上文“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhock’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek’soriginalwork.”（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家LouisPasteur发展了他的疾病理论。LouisPasteur的理论后来帮助医生对抗传染病，包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒。所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek独创的成果。）可推知，划线词指代的是Leeuwenhoek的贡献。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“Andtherefore;wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”（因此；每当我发现了什么不寻常的东西，我就认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上，以便让科学界知道这一点。）可推知，他认为共享知识是科学进步的关键。故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据首段的第二句“Inthelate1600s.Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglensesheusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirst-microscopes.”（在17世纪末。Leeuwenhoek受到他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了一些最早的显微镜。）可知，显微镜的发明在放大镜之后。根据第二段的第三句“Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.”（他在池塘水、雨水和人体血液样本中发现了不同的微生物。）可知，在显微镜发明之后发现不同的微生物。根据尾段的第一句“Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:”（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献）以及第三段的首句“Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhock’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.”（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家路LouisPasteur发展了他的疾病理论）可知，疾病理论的提出在后。故选A项。【点睛】对于事件发生时间排序的题目一定要回到原文当中，把每个事件发生的时间进行一一比对，最后进行作答，此类题目虽然稍微繁琐，但是难度并不大。比如本文的第4题，只要把题目中的5个时间在原文找出相应的时间，就很容易找出正确答案。CIfyou’resomeonewholooksinthemirroreverydayandconcentratesonlyonanyminorflaw(缺陷),you’renotalone.Formanypeople,strugglingwithbodyimageissuesisacontinuousbattle.“Howhostile(恶意的)istheworldtounattractivegirls?”becameapopulartopiconSinaWeiboinMarch.Thetopicmetwithagreementamongmanygirlswhosharedtheirpersonalexperiences.Oneinternetusertalkedabouthowherfriendswouldoftencutherimageoutofgrouppicturesbecausetheythoughtshewastoofat.Whatbecameclearwasthatthisfeelingofinsecurityanddistancewasalltoocommon.Whatpromotesthisanxietyamongyoungpeople?Asthecountry’seconomyhasdevelopedrapidly,peopleareeasiertobeinfluencedbywhatothersthinkofthem,notedCGTN.Greatertimespentonlinealsomeansgreaterexposuretoadvertisementspromoting“paper-thinwaists”or“chopsticklegs”.Suchunrealisticidealsonlyfurtheryoungpeople’sanxietyandleadtoanunhealthymindsetofperfectionism.Theanxietyoverappearanceandshapehaspushedsomepeopleintophysicalandmentalillness.AccordingtoBeat,theUK’sleadingeatingdisordercharity,theidealizationofthinnessisakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery.Somepeopleevengothroughsurgeryjusttoachievewhattheybelievesocietyconsiders“beautiful”.Butbeautydoesn’tcomefromamakeupbrushorathinnerwaist.Growingtallerandhavingperfectskinisn’tthesolutiontoinsecurity.Thefactthateverypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.AlinefromChina’sfirstfemalemonologue(独白剧)dramacalledHearHersaysitperfectly:“Iamnotperfect.Perfectionisdull.IamperfectwhenIfullyrealizemyself.”8.Whatisacauseofyoungpeople’sanxietyabouttheirbodyimageaccordingtothetext?A.Thestandardpromotedbysomemedia.B.Thefiercecompetitiontheyface.C.Thestruggletheyhaveexperienced.D.Theirdesireforeasiersuccess.9.AccordingtoBeat,whatplaysaleadingroleinworseningpeople’sillnessrelatedtotheanxietyoverappearanceandshape?A.Thefeelingofinsecurity. B.Otherpeople’sopinions.C.Thedesireforthinness. D.Thepopularityofplasticsurgery.10.Accordingtothetext,whatcanpeopledotoeaseanxietyrelatedtobodyimage?A.Haveplasticsurgery. B.Accepttheirdifferences.C.Worktorealizetheirdream. D.Stopwearingmakeup.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AvoidMisleadingAdvertisementsB.StopWearingMakeupC.ImproveYourselfD.CelebrateImperfection【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着社会的发展，人们更容易受到其他人对自己看法的影响，同时一些媒体宣传的标准导致年轻人对身体形象产生焦虑，但是事实上，每个人都是不同的，我们应该接受自己的不同，接受自己的不完美。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第六段“Greatertimespentonlinealsomeansgreaterexposuretoadvertisementspromoting“paper-thinwaists”or“chopsticklegs”.Suchunrealisticidealsonlyfurtheryoungpeople’sanxietyandleadtoanunhealthymindsetofperfectionism.”(花更多的时间在网上也意味着更多地接触到宣传“像纸一样薄的腰”或“筷子腿”的广告。这种不切实际的想法只会进一步加剧年轻人的焦虑，导致不健康的完美主义心态。)可知，一些媒体宣传“像纸一样薄的腰”或“筷子腿”这样的广告，加剧了年轻人的焦虑，所以说一些媒体宣传的标准导致年轻人对身体形象产生焦虑，故选A。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“AccordingtoBeat,theUK’sleadingeatingdisordercharity,theidealizationofthinnessisakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandpreventingrecovery.”(据英国领先的饮食失调慈善机构Beat的报道，理想化的苗条身材是恶化疾病和阻止康复的关键因素。)可知，根据Beat，理想化的苗条身材，即对苗条身材的渴望，导致了人们对外貌和体型的焦虑，从而使病情恶化，故选C。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butbeautydoesn’tcomefromamakeupbrushorathinnerwaist.Growingtallerandhavingperfectskinisn’tthesolutiontoinsecurity.Thefactthateverypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.Thefactthateverypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.”(但是美丽不是来自化妆刷或者拥有纤细的腰。长高，拥有完美的皮肤，并不是解决不安全感的方法。事实上每个人都是不同的，这是值得庆祝的。)可知，美丽并不是来自化妆刷或者拥有纤细的腰，或者长高，或者拥有完美的皮肤，事实上，每个人都是不同的，这是值得庆祝的，所以可以推断出，人们要接受自己的不同，这样可以缓解人们因身体形象而产生的焦虑，故选B。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后两段“Butbeautydoesn’tcomefromamakeupbrushorathinnerwaist.Growingtallerandhavingperfectskinisn’tthesolutiontoinsecurity.Thefactthateverypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.AlinefromChina’sfirstfemalemonologue(独白剧)dramacalledHearHersaysitperfectly:“Iamnotperfect.Perfectionisdull.IamperfectwhenIfullyrealizemyself.””(但是美丽不是来自化妆刷或者拥有纤细的腰。长高，拥有完美的皮肤，并不是解决不安全感的方法。每个人都是不同的，这一事实值得庆祝。中国第一部女性独白剧《听她说》中的一句台词完美地表达了这一点；“我不完美。完美是无趣的。当我完全认识到自己的时候，我就是完美的。)可知，文章主要讲述了随着社会的发展，人们更容易受到其他人对自己看法的影响，同时一些媒体宣传的标准导致年轻人对身体形象产生焦虑，但是事实上，每个人都是不同的，我们应该接受自己的不同，接受自己的不完美，歌颂自己的不完美，所以D选项“CelebrateImperfection”(歌颂自己的不完美)最适合做文章标题，故选D。DTreeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofcontrollingclimatechange.Perhapsit’stimeforustorethinkthispractice.TreespullcarbondioxideorCO2fromtheair.ThiseffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere,makingtreesanimportantpartofthefightagainstclimatechange.Buttreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey’realive.Oncetheydie,treeswillrotandreleasethatCO2backintotheatmosphere.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.RisingCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.Highlevelsofthisgasareincreasingtemperatures,whichinturnspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.Thefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystorecarbon.Itseemslikegoodnews.However,itisknownthatfast-growingtreespecies,ingeneral,liveshorterlivesthantheirslow-growingrelatives.Inordertoseewhetherthegrowth-lifespantrade-off(生长和寿命之间的权衡)isauniversalphenomenon,Brienenandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover210,000individualtreeringrecordsof110treespeciesfrommorethan70,000sitesworldwide.“Bymeasuringtreerings’widthsonecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees’maximumlifespan,”Brienenexplained.Theteamalsocreatedacomputerprogramthatmodeledaforestandtweaked(轻微调整)thegrowthofthetreesinthismodel.Earlyon,itshowedthat“theforestcouldholdmorecarbonasthetreesgrewfaster”,Brienenreported.Butafter20years,thesetreesstarteddyingandlosingthisextracarbonagain.“WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringdownCO2levelsistostopemitting(排放)itintotheatmosphere,”saidBrienen.12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Climatechangeisaffectingtrees’lifespan.B.StudiesfoundthattreesthatdiesoonerreleasemoreCO2.C.Treesaren’tsuchareliablesolutiontoglobalwarming.D.Scientistsareworkingonwhetherforestscanholdmorecarbon.13.Whatmaybecausingtreestogrowfaster?A.Theformationoffossilfuels. B.TheincreaseofatmosphericCO2.C.Lowertemperatures. D.Theevolutionofsomespeciesoftrees.14.Whatcanpeopleknowbymeasuringtreerings’widths?A.Thespeedoftrees’growth. B.Thetrees’age.C.Thetrees’maximumlifespan. D.Thetrees’habitats.15.WhatdoRoelBrienen’swordsinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Itishardfortreestoholdmorecarbon.B.TheCO2levelisimpossibletobringdown.C.WemustfindotherwaystostoreCO2.D.WecanonlyreduceCO2bypreventingitsemissions.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究发现，树木只有在活着的时候才会吸收二氧化碳。一旦它们死亡，树木就会腐烂并将二氧化碳释放回大气中。植树曾被认为是减少气候变化的有效手段。也许是时候重新考虑一下这种做法了。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据为文章第一段“Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofcontrollingclimatechange.Perhapsit’stimeforustorethinkthispractice.（植树曾经被认为是控制气候变化的有效手段。也许是时候重新考虑这种做法了。）”以及文章的第二段“Buttreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey’realive.Oncetheydie,treeswillrotandreleasethatCO2backintotheatmosphere.（但是树木只有在活着的时候才能吸收二氧化碳。树木一旦死亡，就会腐烂并将二氧化碳释放回大气中。）”解释原因，后文进行研究论证。可知文章主要讲述的是树木并不是解决全球变暖问题的可靠方法。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.RisingCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth（最近的研究发现，世界各地的树木正以前所未有的速度生长。二氧化碳的增加，主要是由于燃烧化石燃料，可能推动了这种快速增长）”可知大气中二氧化碳的增加可能会导致树木生长得更快。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Bymeasuringtreerings’widthsonecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees’maximumlifespan,（通过测量树木年轮的宽度，人们可以知道树木生长的速度，而计算年轮可以提供树木年龄的信息，并可以推断树木的最大寿命）”可知人们通过测量树木年轮的宽度知道树的生长速度。故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringdownCO2levelsistostopemitting(排放)itintotheatmosphere,（我们必须明白，降低二氧化碳水平的唯一办法是停止将其排放到大气中）”可知我们只能通过阻止二氧化碳的排放来减少二氧化碳。故选D。第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everybodyhasdayswhentheydon'tfeellikeworkingbutstilltherearetasksthatneedtobecompleted.Inthiscase,thebelowsuggestionswillhelpyougetbacktoyourwork.Makesureyourworkspaceisorganizedbeforeyoubeginonanewtask.____16____Inthisway,youdon'tloseyourfocuswhenyoustartworkingonyourtask.Trytorelaxandrefreshyourmindtogetready.Listentoclassicalorjazzmusictocalmyoursoul.Also,ifyoucan,openthewindow.____17________18____Thiswillhelpyoumanageyourworkbetterandasaresult,youcanmeasureyourachievementasyoueasilycompleteyourtasksonebyone.Completingsmallertaskswillalsomotivateyoutostartoffothersandso,finishthewholeproject.Increaseyourmotivationbyworkingwithotherpeople.Rememberthoseschooldayswhenyouusedtogroupstudywithyourclassmates.____19____Ifyouhaveateammateoracoworkerwhocanhelpyoubygivinginputsorwhocanmotivateyou,then,workwiththisperson.Ignoreeverythingelsearoundyou,justasNikesays,justdoit!Don'tforgetthatbeginningishalffinishing.____20____Getmovingassoonaspossibleandyouwillrealizethatbeginningisactuallymucheasierthanyouthink.A.Practicereallymakesperfect.B.Thesameholdsforworkaswell.C.Divideyourmaintaskintosmallertasks.D.Ifnot,cleanoutalltheunnecessarythings.E.Freshoxygenwillhelpyourbrainworkbetter.F.Sostopwastingyourtimeandfocusonthetask.G.Motivationisveryimportantwhenyoustartanewtask.【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.B20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，文章提出了让自己大脑有效工作的几点建议与方法。【16题详解】上句提到，“Makesureyourworkspaceisorganized”（确保你的工作空间有条理），下句提到，“Inthisway,youdon'tloseyourfocuswhenyoustartworkingonyourtask.”（这样，当你开始工作的时候，你就不会损失注意力），本空承上启下，可推出是在讲工作之前，先把工作的环境整理好，所以D项，“如果不好的话，就清理掉所有不需要的东西”，符合语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段段首句，“Trytorelaxandrefreshyourmindtogetready”（努力放松，让大脑清醒，做好准备），可知本段主要讲让头脑清晰的方法；再根据本空的上句，“ifyoucan,openthewindow”（如果可以，打开窗户），所以本空承接上句，开窗户的好处是让清新的空气进来，而清新的空气会让大脑运行更好。故选E。【18题详解】本空为段落标题。下句提到，“Thiswillhelpyoumanageyourworkbetterandasaresult,youcanmeasureyourachievementasyoueasilycompleteyourtasksonebyone”（这会帮助你更好的管理你的工作，结果，你可以在轻松完成一项又一项任务时衡量自己的成就），可知，任务一项一项完成会带来成就感，因此推断建议“将工作分成几个更小的任务去完成”。故选C。

【19题详解】上句提到，“Rememberthoseschooldayswhenyouusedtogroupstudywithyourclassmates.”（还记得那些你习惯于和同学一起集体学习的学校日子吗），下句提到，“Ifyouhaveateammateoracoworkerwhocanhelpyoubygivinginputsorwhocanmotivateyou,then,workwiththisperson.”（如果你有一个能通过提供帮助或激励的方式帮助你的同伴，那么就和他一起工作），可知，此处阐述了和同伴合作学习的好处，本空承上启下，可推出作者认为工作中，合作的好处就像在学校里小组学习的好处一样。故选B。【20题详解】根据段首句，“Ignoreeverythingelsearoundyou,justasNikesays,justdoit”（忽略一切你周围的东西，做就好了），可知，本段主要讲要集中精力在目标上。因此F选项，“不要浪费时间，集中精力在目标上”，符合语境。故选F。【点睛】第三部分语言运用第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。37-year-oldCoastGuardZacEdwardsandhiswifeCindyhadjusttiedtheknotonthesandsofShellBeach,Alabamalastweekwhenadisasteroccurred.Astheywereposingforwedding____21____,theyheardsomeonescreamingforhelp.18-year-oldJamelRobinsonwas____22____inariptide(离岸流)50yardsoutfromtheseashore,anditwas____23____thathewasstrugglingtostayafloat.Thoughtherewerelifeguards____24____atthetime,theywerebusysavingotherdrowningswimmersfromthecurrent.Cindyimmediately____25____hernewly-wedhusbandtosavetheboy.Zactookoffhisweddingshirtandwasabouttotakeoffhispantswhenhiswifesaidtherewasnotime—sowithoutfurther____26____,hetookoffdownthebeach.Beforehedivedintothesurf,hegrabbedaboogieboard(冲浪板)fromsomebeachgoersand____27____hiswayouttotheteen.Zachelpedtheboyontotheboardandstartedhelpinghimbacktotheshore.Astheycontinuedswimming,____28____,thebridegroomstartedtoget____29____—andslightlypanicked.“Ieventually_____30_____himbutwewereabouthalfafootballfieldawayfromtheshore.Hejustkeptsaying‘Ican’tbreathe’,”saidEdwards.“Thecurrentwasreallystronganditwas_____31_____uscominginanyfurther.The_____32_____weremakingithardtokicktoo.”_____33_____,ateamofrescuersarrivedbyjetskiand_____34_____ZacandJameloutofthewater.Jamelwasshaken,but_____35_____bytheincident,andhewasabletostarthissenioryearofhighschoolthisweek.HeandhismotherthankedZacfortherescue,butthebridegroomsaysthatitwasallina(wedding)day’swork.21.A.photos B.posters C.gifts D.dresses22.A.hurt B.trapped C.lost D.attacked23.A.possible B.simple C.strange D.clear24.A.indanger B.introuble C.onduty D.onvacation25A.urged B.forced C.warned D.allowed26.A.hesitation B.delay C.fear D.consideration27.A.felt B.showed C.followed D.made28.A.therefore B.otherwise C.however D.moreover29.A.angry B.tired C.impatient D.sad30.A.controlled B.found C.missed D.reached31.A.leading B.moving C.stopping D.sending32.A.waves B.boards C.shoes D.pants33.A.Thankfully B.Immediately C.Naturally D.Certainly34.A.picked B.pulled C.carried D.guided35.A.astonished B.defeated C.unharmed D.discouraged【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.B30.D31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。海洋警卫队员ZacEdwards(扎克·爱德华兹)在海滩结婚当天恰巧救了一个困于离岸流的少年JamelRobinson(贾梅尔·罗宾逊)。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正当他们摆姿势准备拍婚纱照时，他们听到有人尖叫呼救。A.photos照片；B.posters海报；C.gifts礼物；D.dresses衣服，裙子。pose“摆姿势”，一般是为了拍照。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：18岁的JamelRobinson被困在离海岸50码的离岸流中，很明显，他正在努力保持漂浮状态。A.hurt伤害；B.trapped困住；C.lost丢失；D.attacked袭击。根据后面“strugglingtostayafloat”可知，他遇险挣扎，应该是被困住。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：18岁的JamelRobinson被困在离海岸50码的离岸流中，很明显，他正在努力保持漂浮状态。A.possible可能的；B.simple简单的；C.strange奇怪的，陌生的；D.clear明显的，清晰的。ZacEdwardsandhiswifeCindy能注意到JamelRobinson，应该是JamelRobinson很明显在遇险挣扎。故选D项。【24题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然当时有救生员值班，但他们正忙着拯救其他溺水的人。A.indanger危险中；B.introuble困境中；C.onduty值班；D.onvacation度假。ZacEdwards是救生员，但是他在拍婚纱照，肯定是不值班的，当时还有别的在值班的救生员，在救别人。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：辛迪立即催促她的新婚丈夫救救那个男孩。A.urged催促；B.forced逼迫；C.warned警告；D.allowed允许。ZacEdwards是救生员，虽然今天不值班，但是救人要紧，时间紧迫，新娘应该是催促丈夫快点儿去救人。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：扎克脱下他的结婚衬衫，正要脱裤子时，他的妻子说没有时间了——所以他没有再耽搁，就沿着海滩跑走了。A.hesitation犹豫；B.delay耽搁，延误；C.fear害怕，恐惧；D.consideration考虑。连裤子都没来得及脱，应该是没有耽搁时间，立即投入救险。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他跳入海浪之前，他从一些海滩游客那里抓了一块冲浪板，然后向少年冲去。A.felt觉得，感觉；B.showed显得，展示；C.fo