人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1 高考练含答案

高考练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023北京,D)Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit'schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife—calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife'sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything,”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat'stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasisingtheirresearch'sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth'sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAI,advancesinALifearehardertorecognise.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn'thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarth'sbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratenovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren'tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.1.RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful2.Whatdoestheword“enamoured”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?高考词汇站派生/合成词汇1.systemn.系统→adj.系统的

2.fundamentn.基础→adj.基本的

3.practicev.练习;实践→n.专门人才;习艺者

4.convincingadj.令人信服的→adv.令人信服地

5.declarev.公布,宣布→n.公告,宣告

6.doubtn.怀疑→adj.怀疑的

7.existv.存在→n.存在

8.evolutionn.进化→adj.进化的

9.so-calledadj.

10.open-endedadj.

Ⅱ.语法填空(2020全国Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon'scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

高考词汇站派生/合成词汇1.mannedadj.需人操纵的→adj.无(需)人操作的

2.challengen.挑战→adj.挑战性的

3.communicatev.通信;交流→n.通信;交流

4.spacecraftn.

答案与分层梯度式解析UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS高考练Ⅰ.◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人工生命研究的现状和发展前景。1.A推理判断题。根据题干中的RegardingAlanSmith'sdefenceofALife可知是在问作者对艾伦·史密斯为人工生命辩护的态度,定位到第二段。由“ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield'sdoubtfulscientificvalue.”以及“AlanSmith...istiredofsuchcomplaints.”可知艾伦对于人工生命遭受的批评是厌烦的,第二段最后艾伦以“你的奶奶有什么价值?”反问,认可人工生命存在的必要性。由文章最后一段的“theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable(人工生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”可知作者对人工生命的发展是持支持态度的,故作者是支持艾伦为人工生命进行辩护的,故选A。2.C词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution.”可知人工智能和人工生命是表亲,然后阐述原因,这两个领域的研究者都……一种叫作“开放式演化”的概念,再由下文的“IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife'sendless‘creativity’insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.”可知,如果人工生命领域能够在某种虚拟模型中再现生命的无尽“创造力”,那么那些相同的原理可能会产生真正具有创造力的机器。这是积极的。浏览选项可知,attracted(被吸引)符合语境。3.B推理判断题。由第三段第二句“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife'scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamouredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution.”可知人工智能和人工生命的研究者都被一种叫作“开放式演化”的概念吸引,故选B(人工生命和人工智能有一个共同的特点)。A、C、D项在文中无信息支撑。4.D主旨大意题。第一段提出人工生命领域的研究目的,第二段说明人工生命遭受的批评并用艾伦的观点支持人工生命的研究,第三段以人工智能和人工生命的联系来说明人工生命应用的可能性,第四段说明人工生命难以被认可的原因,最后一段为主题段,表明作者的观点:也许正如整个宇宙中的生命本身一样,人工生命的崛起也将被证明是不可避免的。由此可知,本文是在说明人工生命研究的现状与发展前景,D项(生命在进化。创造人工生命的尝试也可以进化吗?)可总述文章,最适合作为文章标题。【高考词汇站】1.systematic2.fundamental3.practitioner4.convincingly5.declaration6.doubtful7.existence8.evolutionary9.所谓的10.无限制的;开放式的Ⅱ.◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国发射的嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆的重大事件。1.touched考查时态。根据时间状语lastweek可知设空处需用一般过去时。故填touched。2.extremely考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰形容词challenging,需用副词形式。故填extremely。3.where考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语,先行词spot是表示地点的名词。故填erest考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,根据提示词可知设空处需填名词形式interest;此外“beof+抽象名词”也是固定结构。故填interest。5.than考查介词。根据设空处前的mor