山东大学《物理化学》2021-2022学年期末试卷

学院专业学院专业级学号姓名……密…………封…………线………………… 2021-2022学年第一学期[1-6]Amongthefollowingmethods,whichcannotbeusedforcolloidalparticle?[Hint:themassforpreparationofthecolloidiskno(A)Theosmoticpressureofthecolloid;(B)Precipitationvelocityunderultracentrifu(C)Concentrationdistributionatdifferentdistance;(D)Thescatter=CH3OH⎯M(θ)⎯→CO+2H2+M.Athighpressure,theapparentreaction(A)firstorder;(B)secondo[1-8]ForopposingreactionAkB,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscok(B)Whenweincreasetemperature,therateoftheforwardtherefore,theequilibriumconstantkeepsunchanged.(C)Whenweusecatalysttopromotetheforwardreaction,theequilibriumconstantw(D)Theabovestatementsaren[1-9]AccordingtotheformationmechanismofHI:I2⎯→2I,2I+H2⎯→2HI,theco-linecollisionmodeforHIdecomposit(A)H⎯I+H⎯I;(B)H⎯I+I⎯H;(C)I⎯H+H⎯I;(D)I⎯H+I⎯H.[1-10]Forthefollowingreactions,whichappears(A)Fe⎯→Fe2+;(B)3Fe+4H2O⎯→Fe3O4+8H++8e−;(C)Fe(OH)2+2e−⎯→Fe+2OH−;(D)Fe(OH)3⎯→Fe3++3OH−.得分阅卷人[2-1]DesignareversiblecellinwhichreactionCu2+(a1)⎯→Cu2+(a2)occurs(a1>a2): Cu(s)|Cu(a2)||Cu(a1)|Cu(s) 一二三四五六七八九十※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※Plankconstanth=6.626x10-34Js;VelocityofliNA=6.022x1023mol-1;GasconstantR=8.314Jk-1mol-1;gravityaccelerationg=9.8ms-2;※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※得分阅卷人1.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestiomoldm-3C3H7COOHusingthesamedropper(滴管),thenumberofdropis(Assumingthatthedensityofthesesolutionsisthesame.)(A)NaOH>H2O>C2H5OH>C3H7COOH;(B)NaOH<H2O<C2H5OH<C(C)H2O>NaOH>C3H7COOH>C2H5OH;(A)H2O<NaOH<C3H7[1-2]Forthefollowingparametersofelectrolytesolution,whichwill(A)Molarconductivity;(B)Meanionicactivitycoeffpowerfulandwithleastpollution?[Hint:dissolublesaltisalsopollutantwhich(A)FeCl3;(B)MgSO4;(C)KAl(SO4).12H2O;(Dofthesolution,therateofwhichdoesnotchange?(A)NH4++CNO−⎯→CO(NH2)2(B)CH3COC2H5+OH−⎯→CH3COO−+C2H5OH(C)S2O82−+2I−⎯→I2+2SO42−(D)2Fe3++Sn2+⎯→2Fe2++Sn4+学院专业级学号姓名……密…………封…………线…………………学院专业级学号姓名……密…………封…………线………………… 2021-2022学年第一学期dcBdt得分阅卷人3.Givebriefanswertothefollowianswerthefollowingque(1)[6points]GiventhattheactivationenergyEa,1>Ea,2,andthepre-exponentialfactorA1>A2drawanArrheniusplottoexplainyourjudgeme(2)[2points]Theconcentration.____(3)[2points]IfwewanttotreattheconcentrationofBusingsteady-stateapproconditionsshouldbefulfilled?__k1[A]<<k3[B]_or_(4)[2point]GiventhatEa,3ishigherthanEa,1,Ifwewanttogreactionat(higher/lower)temperature.(5)[2points]Accordingto(1)and(2),drawthevariationofByield[2-3]WhenSnisusedasnega[2-4]Ifwewantwatertoboilatatemperaturelessthan101oC,thediameterofporsurfacetensionofwaterat373.2Kis0.0589Nm-1)dtClCO[2-5]TherateequationofCO(g)+Cl2(g)—→COCl2(g)isdcCdtClCOcClto3timestheinitialconcentrationwithcCOkeepingunchanged,thereactionrateis5.2timestheinit[2-6]Amedicinelosesitsefficacywhendecomposeby30%.Theactivationen130kJmol-1.At298K,itsefficacyremainsonlyfortwoweeks.Ifwewantoneyear,thetemperatureofstoragerefrigeratorshouldbesetratioisindependentofinitialconcentration.[2-7]Theadsorptionaamount,theequilibriumpressureandtemperaturearelistedinthefollowingtT/Kp/kPaThentheadsorptionheat[2-8]Foronephotobiochemic468.6kJmol-1canbeformedfromliquidwaterandCO2afterabsorptiono600nm.Thenthephotochemicalconversionefficiencyis__29.38[2-9]At298K,theelectromoCd(s)|CdCl2(m=0.02molkg-1)|AgCl(s)|Ag(s)学院专业级学号学院专业级学号姓名……密…………封…………线………………… 2021-2022学年第一学期得分阅卷人4.Giveanswerstothefollowingquestions.(a)Pt,H2(g,p。)|NaOH(a=1)|HgO(s)|Hg(l),E/V=0.9261-2.948会10-4(t/oC-25)(b)Cu(s)|Cu2O(s)|NaOH(a=1)|HgO(s)|Hg(l),E/V=0.4564-1.44会10-4(t/oC-25)Giventhat,at298K,forformationofwater,ΔfGm。=-273.2kJmol(1)[4points]CalculatethestandardelectrodepotentialofHgO(s)/Hg(l)andCu2O(s)/Cu(s). (Cu2O(s)/Cu(s))=0.9261-0.(2)[4points]CalculatethestandardformationGibbsfreeenergyofHgOH2+HgO⎯→Hg+H2O,ΔrGm。=ΔfGm。(H2O)-ΔfGm。(HgO),ΔfGm。(HgO)=-94.5kJmol-1:2Cu+HgO⎯→Cu2O+Hg.ΔfGm。(HgO)=-94.5kJmol-1:(3)[6points]CalculateΔrHm。andΔrSm。andreversibleheatoftheΔrHm。=ΔrGm。+TΔrSm。=-178.71+16.96=(1)[2points]Calculatethesurfacetensionofmercury.σ=0.48mercury?[theinterfacetensionofmercury/wateris0.375Nm-1]ΔG=-0(3)[2points]Ifwepurge10mgofmercurynegativelychargedHgsolcanbeobtained.IfOH−actasnotationofthecolloid.notationofthecolloid.[3-2][10points]Th(1)[4points]WritetheelectrodereactionsofthecoAnode:Fe⎯→Fe2++2e− Cathode:O2+2H2O+4e−⎯→4OH−(2)[4points]Listatleasttwopossiblereasonsforthemorerapi(1)Theconductivityofseawaterishigher;(2)Cl−inhibitspas(3)[2points]Forwaterlinecorrosion,whereisanode,thThesteelbeneaththew[3-3][8points]Theexperimentalrateequationofgas-phasereaction2NO+O2⎯→2NO2isr=k[NO]2[O2].ThemechanismisproposedkkN2OkkN2O2+O2⎯k⎯→2NO2slow(1)[2points]ExpresstherateequationusingdepletionofO2.dtk2(2)[2points]Estimatetheapparentactivationenergyoftheoveral(3)[2points]Calculatetheconstant-volumereactionheatofthefirststep.ΔU=80-(4)[2points]TherateofoverallreactionslowsdownwithinWhentemperatureincreases,thefirst学院专业学院专业级学号姓名……密…………封…………线………………… 2021-2022学年第一学期（4）[2points]Afterdilutionto10000times,thisHgsolisobservedbyultramicroscopyandfoundthatintheviewrangeof0.04mmindiameterand0.