浙江省宁波市咸祥中学高三第二次调研新高考英语试卷及答案解析

浙江省宁波市咸祥中学高三第二次调研新高考英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Thebusinessmanstudiedthemarketinhishometowntofindthe____forinvestment.A．potential B．reservation C．criterion D．allowance2．Inmyopinion,_____shouldn’tbeanydoubtthatChinawillbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulcountriesinthenearfuture．A．this B．that C．it D．there3．Ifyouwanttoleadahappylife,you’dbetterlearntoacceptlife______itis.A．as B．thatC．which D．where4．Childrenexposedtoairpollutionaremoretosufferingfromdifferentdiseases.A．possible B．probable C．likely D．certainly5．Thegovernmenthasbeenundergrowingpressureto______thecausesofairpollutionassmogfrequentlysmothersthecountry’slargecities.A．release B．scheduleC．maintain D．address6．Itisdifficultforanyofustoeatbetter,exercisemore,andsleepenough,______weknowweshould.A．because B．evenifC．unless D．before7．Mothertoldmeinaphonecallthatshehadwrittentomeaweekbefore,butIhaven’treceived__________.A．one B．it C．something D．anything8．Atschool,itisessentialthateverychild______equallyregardlessoffamilybackground.A．treatingB．treatedC．betreated D．istreated9．TheGamesareknownasthefriendlygamesbecauseoftheir________onkindnessandmutualrespect.A．lacks B．focusesC．challenges D．researches10．—That'sthethirdtimeyou'vedonethat!—Yeah,_____?A．whatofitB．what’sonC．whataboutD．whatfor11．Theroomissoclean.He________havecleanedityesterdayevening.A．will B．needC．can D．must12．Wheneveryou________apresent,youshouldthinkaboutitfromthereceiver’spointofview.A．bought B．havebought C．willbuy D．buy13．—Doyouthinkheistheonlypersonforthejob?—I’mnotquitesurebuthe’llprove_______tothetask.A．equal B．essentialC．special D．superior14．Followingthegirl,wewentintoahall;on__________wallshungafewpicturesofsomefamousscientists.A．itsB．whichC．whoseD．those15．—Youwerenotlistening；whattroubledyou?—Imycomingmathexam．A．amthinkingabout B．wasthinkingabout C．hadthoughtabout D．willthinkabout16．Thebestmethodto_____thegoalofhelpingthepatientswithAIDSistouniteasmanysympatheticpeopleaspossible.A．complete B．command C．accomplish D．accompany17．—Vivien,youlookblue.What’swrong?—Therearesomanypapers_____.I’mreallybusyrecently.A．finishB．tofinishC．finishingD．finished18．一Whenheknowtheresultoftoday’sjobinterview?一Inacoupleofdays．A．should B．may C．shall D．must19．Myneighbourcametoaskmewhytherewassomuchnoiseinmyhouseyesterdayafternoon.ItoldherthatsomechildrenanEnglishsong.A．praticed B．wouldpractice C．havepracticed D．werepracticing20．Thesediagramsareespeciallyhelpfulwhenwehaveaconcreteproblem______athand.A．besolvedB．tosolveC．solvedD．beingsolved第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers,desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(标识)inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.1、What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B．Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C．Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D．Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers,environmentalawareness.2、Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A．affect B．changeC．disturb D．reject3、AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A．willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB．shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC．arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD．haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere4、Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A．haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB．usethesamelogointheirmarketingC．gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD．attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods22．（8分）NewYorkCityisaworldcapitalineverysenseoftheword—it'saculturalandeconomicpowerhouse,andarguablythemostinfluentialcityontheplanet.Butitwasn'talwaysthisway,asthefollowingcitiesoncedominatedtheworldaroundthem.Djenne­DjennoInthefloodlandsoftheNigerdeltapeoplehavebeenbuildinghousesandotherstructureswithclayforcenturies.ThetownofDjenne­Djennoismadeentirelyoutofclay.Itwasinhabitedasfarbackas250BC,andbecameanimportantlinkinthetrans­Saharangoldtrade(跨撒哈拉黄金交易).Constructedonhillscalled“toguere”，thecitymanagedtoescapethemarshy(沼泽的)landscapeandannualfloodsproducedbytherainyseason.Djenne­Djennoisbelievedtobeoneoftheearliestsettlementsinthesub­Saharanregion,andisconsideredbysometobe“thetypicalAfricanCity”.Archeologicalevidenceshowsusacontinuoushumanpresenceintheareaupuntilthe14thcenturyAD,whenpeoplemovedtothenearbytownofDjenne,foundedinthe11thcentury.Furtherevidencepointsoutthatevenbeforethecity'sconstruction,theBozopeopleweregrowingwildriceintheregion.Inthe13thcenturyAD,withKingKoumboro'sconversiontoIslam,itspalacetransformedintoamosque.CarthageLegendhasitthatCarthagewasfoundedbyQueenDidoofthePhoenicians.ShefledthecityofTyrelocatedinpresent­dayLebanoninordertoescapethehatredofherbrotherPygmalion,whowasherrivaltothethrone.Alongwithagroupofsettlers,shetraveledagreatdistancebyseaandlandedinNorthAfrica,whereshemetKingIarbas.Heofferedtogivethemlandinordertobuildasettlement,butnobiggerthanthesurfacecoveredbythehide(牛皮)ofanox.Theycleverlycutthehideintothinstripsandwereabletoencloseafairlylargeareaofland.Onthisland,themightycityofCarthagewasbuilt.Thesestoriesaremostlikelyjustthat,butthefactthatthePhoeniciansbuiltthecityaround760BCistrue.Locatedinsuchagoodposition—inthemiddleoftheMediterranean,closetoSicily,SardiniaandCorsica,andaprettygooddistancefromEgypt—helpedmakeCarthagealeadingtradecenterandmilitarypower.Thepopulationsoonreachedhalfamillioncitizensand,inordertohousethemall,buildingswereallbuiltfiveorsixstoriestall.Carthagewasthefirstcityinancienttimestohaveacentralizedsewagesystem,linkingallbuildingswithinthecitywalls.Themostnotableofstructuresamongtheruinswasthe“Thophet”，whichisbelievedtobeanaltar(圣坛)forchildsacrifice.TenochtitlanTenochtitlanwasthecapitalcityoftheAztecEmpire.ItwasbuiltonanislandsurroundedbyLakeTexcocodeepinsidethejunglesofCentralAmerica.BythetimetheSpanishconquerorswereawareofitsexistence,thepopulationwasaround200，000.ThiswasacityverydifferentfromwhattheEuropeanswereusedto.Foundedin1325AD,theAzteccapitalwasjoinedtothemainlandbythreecauseways(堤道).Itwaslaidoutinstraightstreetgridsandhadenormouspyramidsatitscenter,whichweresurroundedbytheskullsofthedeadandceremonialsculptures.1、Whatdoweknowabouttheancientcities?A．Tenochtitlanwasthefirstcitytolinkallbuildingswithinthecitywallsusingacentralizedsewagesystem.B．Carthagewasconsideredtohaveplayedanimportantroleinthetrans­Saharangoldtrade.C．TherewasnodoubtthatCarthagewasfoundedbyQueenDidoofthePhoenicians.D．Accordingtosomepeople,thecityDjenne­Djennois“atypicalAfricancity”.2、Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．anewsreport B．asciencefiction C．ahistorybook D．aresearchpaper23．（8分）Travellingwithkidsisn’talwayseasy,butit’salwaysfun．Ifyouareconsideringabandoningthecampingholidaythisyear．WhynotvisitoneofEurope’sfamouscitiesinstead?HereareEuropeEHICServicesLimited’stoppicks．Barcelona，SpainBarceIonaissuretobewelllovedbyyoungervisitors．Thecitystreetsarefilledwithstreetperformerswhoswallowfireandjuggleswords．Ifyourkidsenjoyachallenge，theymayevenenjoyabird’s－eyeviewfromthetopoftheMiradordeColom．BarcelonaevenhastheMuseumofChocolatewhichyourchildrenwilljumpatthechancetotaste．Berlin,GermanyBerlinhassightsforadultsandchildreninequalmeasure．WithLegolandDiscoveryCenter，AquaDomeandtheBerlinZoo，thecitywillnotbelackinginchoicesforyourkids．Berlinalsohasplentyofchild-friendlytransport，parksandplentyofdeliciousdishes．Amsterdam，NetherlandIt’seasytojumponacanalorbustourinAmsterdaminordertopreventtiredlittlefeet．Ifyouhaveconfidentcyclistsinthefamily，youcanrentabikeandpaddlearoundthecityinstead．TheTropenmuseumisapopularfavoriteastherooftopturnsintoabeachinthesummermonths．Reykjavik，IcelandThiscityisperfectforkidsofallages．Theywilllovethenaturalwondersthatthecityhastooffer，suchasthehotsprings．TheNorthernLights，whalewatchingandtryingonVikingarmor（盔甲）willalsocreateunforgettablememoriesforyourkids．Nomatterwhereyoudecidetotakeyourkidsonholiday，it’simportantthatyouallhavevalidandin-dateEuropeanHealthInsuranceCards．Don’tleaveyourselforyourkidsunprotected；applyforyourEHICtoday．1、WhatcanvisitorsdoinBarcelona?A．Enjoyexcitingperformancesinthestreet．B．VisitaspecialLegoplaceinperson．C．Makechocolateswiththeirownhands．D．Paddlearoundthecity．2、Wherecanyouhaveabathinahotspring?A．Berlin．B．Barcelona．C．Amsterdam．D．Reykjavik．3、WhatmightEuropeEHICServicesLimitedbe?A．Atravelagency．B．Aninsuranceagency．C．Aneducationalinstitution．D．Ahealthcenterforchildren．24．（8分）MyfatherwasataxidriverbutIamaking—KingRenato,ofthecountryPontinha,anislandonFunchalharbour.It’sinMadeira,Portugal,whereIgrewup.Itwasdiscoveredin1419;CaptainCookoncecamehere.In1903,thePortuguesegovernmentdidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuildaharborport,sothekingsoldthelandtoawealthyBritishfamily,theBlandys,whomakeMadeirawine.Fourteenyearsago,thefamilydecidedtosellitforjust€25,000(£19,500).IdecidedtobuyitthoughIhadnomoney—Iwasjustanartteacher.Itriedtofindsomebusinesspartners,buttheyallthoughtIwascrazytowanttobuywhatisactuallyalargerock;ithasasmallcave,aplatformontop,andnoelectricityorrunningwater.SoIsoldsomeofmypossessions,putmysavingstogetherandboughtit.WhenthekingofPortugaloriginallysoldtheislandin1903,heandallthegovernorssignedadocument,sellingallthe“possessionsandthedominions(领土)”oftheisland.ItmeansIcandowhatIwantwithit—Icouldstartarestaurant,oracinema,butnobodythoughtthatsomeonewouldwanttostartacountry.Sothat’swhatIdid:IdecidedthatthiswouldnolongerbejustarockontheportofFunchal.Itwouldbemyisland,aboutthesizeofaone-bedroomhouse.AfterIboughtit,thegovernorofMadeiraaskedtobuymyisland.Ofcourse,Isaidno.HesaidthatunlessIsolditbacktothestate,hewouldn’tletmeconnecttoanyelectricity.ButIhaveasolarpanelandasmallwindmill,andmaybeinthefutureIwillbeabletogeneratepowerfromtheoceanaroundPontinha.1、Whatdoesthewriterwanttoshowbymentioninghisfather?A．Hehadaroyalfamily.B．Helovedhisfamily.C．Hewasnotabornking.D．Hewasnotagooddriver.2、Whosoldtheislandtotheauthor?A．APortugueseking.B．Anartteacher.C．TheBlandyfamily.D．CaptainCook.3、Howdidthewriterstartthecountry?A．Hediscoveredtheisland.B．Hefoundbusinesssupporters.C．Hewassupportedbycitizensintheisland.D．Hetookadvantageoftheofficialdocument.4、WhatcanweinferaboutthecountryPontinha?A．Itwasatinyisland.B．Aharborportwasbuiltonit.C．Itwasawealthyland.D．Lifetherewasveryconvenient.25．（10分）Almostoneinfivedrivershaddozedoffbehindthewheel,ashockingnewsreporthadshowed.Ofthosewhoweredozingoff,29%havedonesowiththeircarsspeedingat70milesperhour.Thereportalsofoundaquarterofmenhavefallenasleepwhiledriving,makingitalmosttwiceasmanyaswomen.TheSafetyonWheelReport,byPostOfficeInsurance,alsolookedathowoftentirednessoralackofconcentrationcausedaccidents.Threeintendrivershaveexperiencedanaccident,frompassingawalkercrossingtohittinganothervehicle,becauseofalackofconcentration.Meanwhile,almosthalf(49%)ofUKdrivershavedrivenwhentheydonotconcentrate.PaulHavenhand,headofinsuranceatPostOffice,said,“Whentirednessstrikes,driversshouldavoidtheroads.”Thereisnomeasurementfortireddriving,unlikedrivingundertheinfluenceofalcohol,yetitcouldresultinanequallydangerousaccident.Driversareadvisedtotakea15-minutebreakfromdrivingeverytwohours.However,athird(36%)aresoeagertoreachtheirdestinationthattheywillignorefeelingsoftiredness.What’smore,almostoneinfive(18%)willdriveforlongerthanfourhourswithoutabreak,while6%carryonforupto6hours.Justoveraquarter(27%)chooseaquickstoptobuyacupofcoffee,whichisaverypopularwayfordriverstogetridoftiredness,andonly17%stoptohavearestuntiltheyfeelenergeticagain.Mr.Havenhandadded,“Driversshouldplanaheadandrestbeforestartingalongjourney;besides,theycantakeregularbreakstorechargetheirbatterieswhileonroad;insomecases,iftheydofeeltootiredtoconcentrateontheroads,theycouldconsideranalternativemeansoftransport.”1、WhichsuggestionisNOTputforwardbyMr.Havenhand?A．Preparingwellforalongjourneyandtakingacompleterestbeforeit.B．Havingbreaksregularlyinordertofeelrefreshed.C．Choosinganothermethodoftransportinstead.D．Choosingaquickstoptograbsomethingtoeat.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“rechargingtheirbatteries”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Putanewsupplyofelectricityintotheirbatteries.B．Getbacktheirenergybyrestingforawhile.C．Accusethemofstealingbatteries.D．Paytwicemoremoneyfortheirbatteries.3、Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatfordriversthemostpopularcurefortirednessis_____.A．drinkingcoffeeB．talkingwithothersC．ignoringfeelingsoftirednessD．singingsongs4、What’sthepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage?A．Towarnpeopleofthedangeroftireddriving.B．Totellpeopletobecarefulwhenwalkingonthestreet.C．Toinformpeopleoftheimportanceofagoodrest.D．Tointroducesomedangerswhiledrivingontheroads.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）IusedtothinkthatlifeinJimThorpe,Pennsylvania,wasfilledwithnever-changingroutines.I1thateveryoneseemedtoknoweverythingabouteveryoneelse.Everyoneseemedtoenjoy2otherpeopleandtheirlives.Ialsodidn’tlikethefactthatpeopleseemedveryclose-minded.Ifelt3.Ifeltlike1wasmissingouton4.Itseemedtomethat5lifewouldbetheopposite.ThenItookmyfirsttriptoNewYorkCity.Icouldn’twaitto6thecity.7,whenIarrivedintheBigApple,itwasn’tatallwhatIhadimagined.I8itwashometothousandsofpeople,butIhadn’thadtheleastexpectationtoseeso9onthestreetatonetime.Allthestreetswerefilledwith10.Ialsofeltalittle11toseethateveryonewasinsucha12andeverythingmovedatsuchafastpace.WhenItookthesubwayforthefirsttime,Isaid13tothemiddle-agedwomannexttome.Shelookedatmewith14anddidn’tsayaword.Afterjustoneday,Irealizedhow15mysmalltownistome.NowIappreciatethefamiliar16Iseeeveryday.Ilikethefeelingofsecurityandbelongingmytown17.JimThorpegivesmeasenseof18andtogethernessthatthecitydoesn’tprovide.Irealizejusthowmuchasimplehellodoesfora19_—itreallycanmakeyourdayalittle20.1、A．appreciatedB．hatedC．expectedD．doubted2、A．lookingafterB．talkingaboutC．learningfromD．walkingaround3、A．relaxedB．cheatedC．honoredD．trapped4、A．prizesB．activitiesC．opportunitiesD．school5、A．cityB．townC．familyD．school6、A．leaveB．experienceC．changeD．find7、A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．OtherwiseD．Besides8、A．sawB．wishedC．knewD．feared9、A．littleB．muchC．fewD．many10、A．storesB．goodsC．carsD．people11、A．gladB．inspiredC．surprisedD．upset12、A．hurryB．stateC．mannerD．mood13、A．helloB．good-byeC．noD．seem14、A．warmthB．appreciationC．dislikeD．hate15、A．oldB．strangeC．boringD．important16、A．busesB．streetsC．clothesD．faces17、A．lacksB．offersC．needsD．advocates18、A．directionB．communityC．achievementD．humor19、A．manB．womanC．strangerD．friend20、A．brighterB．moretiringC．longerD．morechallenging第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）TheWWFistheworld's1．（large）organisationfornatureconservation.It2．（found）intheUKin1961.Itsaimwastoprotectthenaturalhabitatsofwildanimals.Theinitials,WWF,standforoldWorldWideFundforNature.3．（original）thenameswasWorldWildlifeFund.Todaytheorganisationhas4．（branch）in90countries.Ithasthousandsofvolunteersandmorethanfivemillionsupporterswhohelpbygivingmoney.Inthe1980s,theWWFbecameinterestedinallactivitieswhichhaveaneffectontheenvironment,suchas5．（pollute）andthewayweuseenergy.TheWWFbelievethatourworldhasafutureonlyifpeoplelearn6．（conserve）natureandnottowasteenergy.Asaresult,itstartedworkingwithgovernmentstointroduceenvironmentaleducationintoschool.TheWWFhasworkedwiththeChinesegovernmentsince1980,7．DrGeorgeShallerarrivedtoworkwithChinesescientistonthepandaproject.In1995,theorganisationsetup8．officeinBeijing.Today9．aremorethanthirtystaffworkingontwentyprojectsalloverthecountry.Theyincludeworkinforests,energy,andinenvironmentaleducationforChina'sprimaryandsecondaryschoolsaswellas10．（save）thepanda,ofcause.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DotheChinesepeopletextinEnglishwordsandChinesecharacters?OfcoursemostpeopleinChinatextinournativelanguage,whichistheChineselanguage、ButIguessthereasonthatpeopleaskthisquestionisthattheycouldn’timaginehowpeopletypethousandofChinesecharacterswithonly26letters、Asamatterofthefact,it’sonlyasmallpieceofcake、TherearesuchmanymethodstotypeChineseoncomputersandphones,ofwhichthemorepopularisthepinyinsystem、EverychildinChinalearnpinyinto