Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar课件牛津译林版八年级英语下册

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar12能熟悉并正确运用本课时的重点单词和短语。能掌握被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。Whatdoyouknowabouttheactivevoiceandthepassivevoice新课导入FreeTalk1.Today

English_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.tookC.aretakenD.istakenHaveatry!Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell◆am/are/is+done

am/are/isnot

+donewas/werenot

+done◆was/were+doneThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttensenegativesentencestructureHowtoformthepassivevoice基本结构：be+过去分词（be体现时态）Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell

主动语态转换为被动语态后，主动语态中的宾语也就是动作的承受者变成了被动语态的主语；主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构“be+及物动词的过去分词形式”。

主动语态中的主语，即动作的执行者之前加介词by，在被动语态中作状语。如果不需要强调动作的执行者时，这个状语可以省略。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell被动语态还可用于某些习惯用语中，如“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”、“出生于”等

e.g.HewasborninNanjing.他出生在南京。

Itissaidthatthe75-year-oldmancanstilleatthreebowlsofriceforlunch.据说这位75岁的老人午餐还能吃三碗米饭。注意:Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwelll.—Englishiswidelyspokenintheworld,isn'tit—Yes.It'sused________anofficiallanguageinmorethan70countries.A.forB.asC.withD.by2.UNICEFwas________in1946toimprovechildren'slivesafterWorldWarII.A.givenupB.putupC.setupD.gotup预习检测BCIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellManytrees__________inspring.Manytrees_____________inwinter.Lights______________toprotecttheEarthlastmonth.Lights________________inmanyhousestosaveenergy.areplantedaren’tplanted(plant)(turnoff)(turnon)wereturnedoffweren’tturnedonHaveatry!Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell3.—CanMrKingsparesometimeforthecharityshow—Ifhe________,hewilltryhisbesttomakeit.A.willbeinvitedB.isinvitedC.invitesD.invited4.—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple—Yes.It________everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.played5.Over$30,000________forachildren'shospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A.israisedB.wasraisedC.willberaisedD.hasbeenraisedBABIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell知识梳理1.Leafletsarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteers.志愿者在街上向人们散发传单。handout分发；提出e.g.Oneofmyjobswastohandouttheprizes.我的工作之一是分发奖品。LanguagePoints2.OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942,...乐施会于1942年在英国成立，……setup建起，设立e.g.Hehasjustsetuphisownbusiness.

他刚建立起自己的公司。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

我们每天都打扫教室。

Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

教室每天都被(我们)打扫。

语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的动词有两种语态，即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)与被动语态（ThePassiveVoice)

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellWe

callthegardentheSlenderWestLake.Thegarden

iscalledtheSlenderWestlake.Activevoice主动语态SVOPassivevoice被动语态SVIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态的基本用法当知道谁在执行动作很重要时，我们使用主动语态。Volunteerdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.志愿医生在飞机上做手术。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态主语She谓语(主动式)hurt宾语me.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)washurtby原主语(改为宾格)her.主动语态和被动语态的句式转换Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾abook.被动语态原直宾Abook谓语(被动式)waspassedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)waspassed原直宾abookby原主语(改为宾格)him.主动+谓语+双宾语的句式转换Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动句后要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。Wetakecareoftheyoungtrees.Theyoungtreesaretakencareofbyus.拓展IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellHelpingothers(PartAonPage99)areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoneyIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell1.有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如:系动词smell,taste,sound,feel等。

e.g.Thedishsmellsgood.

这道菜闻起来很香。

Themusicsounds

nice.

这段音乐听起来不错。注意:Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwelle.g.Maryfeedsthedogthreetimesaday.→ThedogisfedbyMarythreetimesaday.OurclasssetuptheMusicClublastyear.→TheMusicClubwassetup(byourclass)lastyear.Didthepolicemancatchthethief→WasthethiefcaughtbythepolicemanIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellweresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents'UnionIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellFinishPartBonPage100wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusediscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuiltIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态主语Theteacher谓语(主动式)made宾语him不带to的不定式retellthestory.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)He谓语(被动式)wasmade带to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主语(改为宾格)theteacher.Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell

还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well,easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如:read,write,draw,sell,wash,cook,clean等。

e.g.Thebookssellwell.这些书很畅销。

Thepenwritessmoothly.

这支笔写起来很顺滑。2.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,

但是在被动语态中要加上to。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态表示主语是动作的_______;被动语态表示主语是动作的________。被动语态的一般现在时主语+________(not)+V-ed被动语态的一般过去时主语+________(not)+V-ed在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由_____引出。Summary执行者承受者am/is/arewas/werebyIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell主动语态变被动语态的口诀宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。

Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell

把主动语态变为被动语态：1.PeoplegrowriceinmanypartsofChina.2.Sheheldacharityshowyesterday.RiceisgrownbypeopleinmanypartsofChina.Acharity