山东省中学联盟2023-2024学年高三下5月预测热身卷英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省中学联盟2023-2024学年高三下5月预测热身卷英语试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ASmallWaysYouCanDonateMoneytoCharityThereareplentyofinnovativewaysthatyoucanhelppeopleinneed,evenwhenmoneyistight.Herearejustafewuniquewaystogive.FoodAngel,HongKongFoodinsecurityhasbecomeaglobalproblemforfamilies.InHongKong,thepeoplebehindtheFoodAngelprogramcollect45tonnesofediblesurplusfoodeachweekthatgrocerystores,restaurantsandindividualswouldotherwisedisposeof.Thatincludesfreshfruitsandvegetablesandotherperishables(易腐烂的食物)thataren’tnormallyacceptedinfood-donationboxes.Theimpactissignificant:Volunteersmakeandservearound20,000mealsanddistributemorethan11,000othermealsandfoodpackseveryday.FrigosSolidaires,FranceImagineifthoseinneedcouldhelpthemselvestofoodwithanonymity(匿名)anddignity.FrigosSolidaires,orSolidarityFridges,wasstartedwiththataimbyDouniaMebtoul,ayoungrestaurateurinParis.Now,130fridgesinstalledinfrontofplacessuchasshopsandschoolsofferfreefoodtothehungryacrossFrance.StuffABus,CanadaInEdmonton,thetransitserviceparksvehiclesinfrontofsupermarketsforitsannual“StuffaBus”campaigneachNovember.Volunteerscollectfoodandcashdonationsfromshopperstofillbusesboundforfoodbanks.Sinceitsstartin1995,thecampaignhascollected553,000kilogramsoffoodandroughlyhalfamilliondollars.RiceBucketChallenge,IndiaHeardoftheIceBucketChallenge?Youtakeavideoofyourselfdumpingabucketoficewateroveryourhead,thennominate(指定)threemorepeopletodothesame.Insomeversions,theparticipantdonates$100iftheydon’tcompletethechallenge.“IthoughtitwasanamazingwaytoraiseawarenessofALSandraisefunds,”recallsManjuKalanidhi,ajournalistinHyderabad,India.Butitdidn’tmakesenseinhercountry,wherewateristooprecioustowaste,evenforagoodcause.Thenin2014,ithither:WhynotmakeitaRiceBucketChallengetofighthunger?“Igaveabucketofricetosomeoneinneedandclickedaphoto.IshareditonFacebookandsaid,‘ThisisaRiceBucketChallenge.Whydon’tyoudoit,too?’”Participantsdonateabucketofricetoanindividualorfamily—no,it’snotdumped—takeaphotoandpostitonsocialmediawithamessageencouragingotherstodothesame.1.Whichonecanhelppeopleinneedgetfoodwithouthurtingtheirpride?A.FoodAngel,HongKong B.FrigosSolidaires,FranceC.StuffABus,Canada D.RiceBucketChallenge,India2.WhatdoyouknowaboutRiceBucketChallengeinIndia?A.ItisanamazingwaytoraiseawarenessofALS.B.ItwasinspiredbytheIceBucketChallenge.C.Abucketofriceisgivenanddumped.D.Abucketofwaterisdonatedforagoodcause.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainhowimportanttohelppeopleinneed.B.Toinspirereaderstostartanon-profitorganization.C.Tointroducesomecreativewaystogiveaway.D.Toappealtoreaderstodonatemoneytocharity.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种做慈善的新的方式。〖答案〗1.B2.B3.C【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“FrigosSolidaires,France”中“Imagineifthoseinneedcouldhelpthemselvestofoodwithanonymity(匿名)anddignity.”（想象一下，如果那些需要帮助的人可以匿名和有尊严地帮助自己获得食物。）可知，FrigosSolidaires,France可以帮助人们不伤自尊地、有尊严地得到食物。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“HeardoftheIceBucketChallenge?”（听说过冰桶挑战吗？）和最后一段“Butitdidn’tmakesenseinhercountry,wherewateristooprecioustowaste,evenforagoodcause.Thenin2014,ithither:WhynotmakeitaRiceBucketChallengetofighthunger?”（但在她的国家，这是行不通的，因为水太珍贵了，不能浪费，即使是为了一个好的理由。然后在2014年，她突然想到：为什么不把它变成一个对抗饥饿的米桶挑战呢？）可知，米桶挑战是受到冰桶挑战的启发而创设的。故选B。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章题目“SmallWaysYouCanDonateMoneyToCharity”（捐款给慈善机构的小方法）和第一段“Thereareplentyofinnovativewaysthatyoucanhelppeopleinneed,evenwhenmoneyistight.Herearejustafewuniquewaystogive.”（有很多创新的方法可以帮助有需要的人，即使在资金紧张的时候。这里有一些独特的给予方式。）可知，本文主要是为了介绍几种创新方式做慈善。故选C。BWhichoftheseingredientshaveyoucookedwithoreaten,wildrice,rabbitsorroses?Actually,theywerepartofNativeAmericancuisineinthepast.SeanShermanisacheffromtheOglalaLakotatribe,whoisattemptingsomethingremarkable.Throughhiscompanyandhisrestaurant,Shermanisbringingtheseingredientsbackintothepubliceye.SeanShermangrewuponthePineRidgeReservation.Asareservationkid,Shermanusuallydidn’thaveaccesstohigh-qualityortastyfood.HisfamilyreliedontheCommoditySupplementalFoodProgram,whichmeantcannedgoods,tastelessfood,andpowderedmilk.Afterhighschool,ShermanstartedworkingfortheForestService.Aspartofhisjob,hehadtolearnthenamesoftheplants,whichraisedhiscuriosityaboutindigenous(本土的)plantsandfoods.Shermanstarteddoinglotsofresearchonhisown,andhestartedhiscompanyin2014.Afewyearslater,ShermanopenedhisrestaurantOwamni,whereheshowednativeingredientsandflavors.Themostsignificantfeatureoftherestaurantisthenativeingredients,noneofwhichisrelatedtoEuropeancivilizations.Thevibeintherestaurantistotallyuniqueaswell.There,alotofpeoplearereallystruckbyit,becauseit’snottypicaltobeabletogosomeplaceandseetheirnativefoodsonthemenu,seenativepeoplecookingthefoodandlistentonativemusic.Therefore,it’sawhollyuniqueexperienceandit’ssomethingthat’sreallyspecial.Nativecuisineallowsnativepeopletoexploretheirhistoriesandcultures.Itsupportslocalbusinessesandcomeswithahostofhealthbenefits.“WeshouldhavenativerestaurantsineverycitytoshowthediversityandflavorsofallthedifferenttribesacrossNorthAmericaandthushaveafuturewherenativecuisineismorewidespread,andingredientsaremorefamiliarandwellknown,”Shermanexplains.4.WhendidSeanShermanbecomeinterestedinnativefoods?A.Ashewasareservationkid.B.Beforeheenteredhighschool.C.Whenheworkedasachefinarestaurant.D.Whenhewasworkingintheforestdepartment.5.WhatisthemostimportantfeatureofSherman’srestaurant?A.Theingredientsusedarenative.B.Nativemusicisplayedallthetime.C.Diverseingredientsarecombinedineachdish.D.Itisareflectionofmodernnativecivilization.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vibe”inparagraph4mean?A.Service. B.Decoration. C.Scenery. D.Atmosphere.7.WhydoesShermansuggesteachcityshouldhavenativerestaurants?A.Toboosttheprofitsoflocalbusinesses.B.Tohelpnativepeopletohonortheirhistory.C.Topresentandpromotethenativecuisine.D.Toservefoodswithvarioushealthbenefits.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了SeanSherman开办本土特色餐厅的故事。〖答案〗4.D5.A6.D7.C【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afterhighschool,ShermanstartedworkingfortheForestService.Aspartofhisjob,hehadtolearnthenamesoftheplants,whichraisedhiscuriosityaboutindigenous(本土的)plantsandfoods.(高中毕业后，Sherman开始为林务局工作。作为工作的一部分，他必须学习植物的名称，这引起了他对本地植物和食物的好奇心)”可知，SeanSherman是在林务局工作时开始对本土食物感兴趣。故选D。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Themostsignificantfeatureoftherestaurantisthenativeingredients,noneofwhichisrelatedtoEuropeancivilizations.(餐厅最显著的特点是本地食材，没有一种与欧洲文明有关)”可知，Sherman的餐厅最重要的特色是使用本地食材。故选A。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“There,alotofpeoplearereallystruckbyit,becauseit’snottypicaltobeabletogosomeplaceandseetheirnativefoodsonthemenu,seenativepeoplecookingthefoodandlistentonativemusic.(在那里，很多人都被它打动了，因为去一个地方，在菜单上看到当地的食物，看到当地人做饭，听当地的音乐，这是不常见的)”可知，此处说的是餐厅的氛围。划线词vibe意为“氛围”。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“WeshouldhavenativerestaurantsineverycitytoshowthediversityandflavorsofallthedifferenttribesacrossNorthAmericaandthushaveafuturewherenativecuisineismorewidespread,andingredientsaremorefamiliarandwellknown(我们应该在每个城市都有本土餐厅，以展示北美所有不同部落的多样性和口味，从而有一个本土美食更广泛传播的未来，食材也更熟悉、更广为人知)”可推知，Sherman建议每个城市都应该有本土餐厅，以展示和推广本地美食。故选C。CInthe1950s,BritishhistorianNortheasterParkinsoncameupwithaconceptwhichwaslaterknownasParkinson’sLawofTriviality.Itstatesthattheamountoftimespentdiscussinganissueinanorganizationisoppositelyassociatedwithitsactualimportance.Parkinson’sLawofTrivialityisalsoknownas“bike-shedding(车棚)”,afterthestoryParkinsonusestoillustrateit.Heasksreaderstoimagineafinancialcommitteemeetingtodiscussathree-pointagenda.Thepointsareasfollows:Aproposalfora￡10millionnuclearpowerplant;Aproposalfora￡350bikeshed;Aproposalfora￡21annualcoffeebudget.Whathappens?Thecommitteeendsuprunningthroughthenuclearpowerplantproposalinlittletime.It’stooadvancedforanyonetoreallydigintothedetails.Thediscussionsoonmovestothebikeshed.Here,everyone’sanexpert.Intheend,thecommitteerunsoutoftimeanddecidestomeetagaintocompletetheiranalysis.Bike-sheddinghappensbecausethesmalleramatteris,themorepeoplewillhaveanopiniononit,evenwhenthereisnogenuinevaluetoadd.Whensomethingisoutsideofourcircleofcompetence,likeanuclearpowerplant,wedon’teventrytoexpressanopinion.Butwhensomethingiscomprehensible,everyonewantstoshowthattheyknowaboutthetopicathand.Howcanweavoidbike-shedding?Themainthingyoucandoistohaveaclearpurpose.PriyaParker,theauthorofTheArtofGathering:HowWeMeetandWhyItMatters,saysthatanysuccessfulgatheringneedstohaveafocusedpurpose.“Specificity,”shesays,“isacrucialelement.”Whenitcomestochoosingyourlistofinvitees,Parkerwrites,“ifthepurposeofyourmeetingistomakeadecision,youmaywanttoconsiderhavingfewercooksinthekitchen.”Gettingtheresultyouwant—athoughtful,educateddiscussionaboutthatpowerplant-dependsonhavingtherightpeopleintheroom.8.WhatisParkinson’spurposeofpresentingtheimaginarymeeting?A.Tostateafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Tomakeacomparison.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Themoreyouknow,thelessyouspeak.B.Whatissimpleforyoumaybetoughforothers.C.Whatrequiresmoreworkmaygetlessattention.D.Themoreyouputin,thebetteryourresultwillbe.10.Whichistheauthor’ssuggestionforasuccessfulmeeting?A.Planningbeforethemeeting.B.Gettingtherightpeopletothetable.C.Spendinglesstimeontheminorissues.D.Takingdifferentopinionsintoaccount.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Purpose:TheKeytoanEffectiveMeetingB.Talent:ACrucialElementinOrganizationsC.TheBikeShedEffect:AvoidingSmallMattersD.NuclearPowerPlant:TheLess-knownProposal【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在20世纪50年代，英国历史学家NortheasterParkinson提出的帕金森琐碎定律。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.B11.C【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Parkinson’sLawofTrivialityisalsoknownas“bike-shedding(车棚)”,afterthestoryParkinsonusestoillustrateit.Heasksreaderstoimagineafinancialcommitteemeetingtodiscussathree-pointagenda.(Parkinson的帕金森琐碎定律也被称为bike-shedding，以帕金森用来说明它的故事命名。他让读者想象一个财务委员会开会讨论三点议程。)”可知，Parkinson提出假想会议的目的是澄清一个概念。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Bike-sheddinghappensbecausethesmalleramatteris,themorepeoplewillhaveanopiniononit,evenwhenthereisnorealvaluetoadd.Whensomethingisoutsideofourcircleofcompetence,likeanuclearpowerplant,wedon’teventrytoexpressanopinion.Butwhensomethingisunderstandableeveryonewantstoshowthattheyknowaboutthetopicathand.(Bike-shedding会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有什么真正的价值可言。当事情超出我们的能力范围时，比如核电站，我们甚至不会试图表达意见。但是当某件事是可以理解的时候，每个人都想表明他们了解手头的话题。)”可知，需要付出更多努力的事情可能得到的关注更少。故选C。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Gettingtheresultyouwant—athoughtful,educateddiscussionaboutthatpowerplant—dependsonhavingtherightpeopleintheroom.(想要得到你想要的结果——一场关于电厂的深思熟虑的、有知识的讨论——取决于是否有合适的人在场。)”可知，作者对会议成功的建议是把合适的人请到会议桌前。故选B。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Bike-sheddinghappensbecausethesmalleramatteris,themorepeoplewillhaveanopiniononit,evenwhenthereisnorealvaluetoadd.(Bike-shedding之所以会发生，是因为事情越小，就会有越多的人对它发表意见，即使没有真正的价值可言。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是20世纪50年代，英国历史学家NortheasterParkinson提出的帕金森琐碎定律，也称为bike-shedding，因此最好的题目是C选项“TheBikeShedEffect:AvoidingSmallMatters(自行车棚效应：避免小事)”。故选C。DGoldfishmayseemlikesimplecreaturesswimminginaglasstank,buttheypossessarathercomplicatednavigationsystem,asdiscoveredbyresearchersattheUniversityofOxford.LedbyDr.AdelaideSibeaux,thestudyaimstoshedlightonourunderstandingofhowfish,andpotentiallyhumans,estimatedistancesusingwhatcouldbedescribedasaninternalGPS.WritinginthejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,Sibeauxandcolleaguesreporthowtheycreatedatankintheirexperimentwith2cm-wideblackandwhiteverticalstripes(垂直条纹)onthewalls,connectedbysimilarstripesacrossthefloor.Theteamtrainedninegoldfishtoswimasetdistanceof70cmandthenreturntotheirstartingpointwhenwavedat.Theexperimentaimedtoinvestigatehowthefishwouldestimatethisdistancewithoutanygestures,underdifferentpatterns.Overmultipletrials,thegoldfishaveragedaswimdistanceof74cm,giveortake17cm,whenpresentedwiththevertical2cm-widestripes.However,whenthestripepatternwasalteredtoeithernarrowerverticalstripes,checkedpatterns,orhorizontalstripes(水平条纹),thefish’sbehaviorchangedsignificantly.Narrowerverticalstripesledthemtooverestimatingthedistanceby36%,whilehorizontalstripesresultedinhighlyinconsistentestimations.Accordingtotheresearchers,thegoldfishappearedtobeusingan“optic(光学的)flowmechanism”basedonthevisualdensityoftheirenvironment.Theykepttrackofhowfrequentlytheverticalpatternswitchedbetweenblackandwhitetoestimatehowfartheyhadtraveled.Thestudysuggeststhatdifferentopticflowmechanismsareusedbymammals,includinghumans,basedonangular(有角度的)motionofvisualfeatures.Thestudyimpliesthattheuseofvisuallybaseddistanceinformationcouldhaveemergedearlyintheevolutionarytimeline.“Thisstudyisnovelbecause,despiteknowingthatfishrespondtogeometricinformationregardingdirectionanddistance,wedon’tknowhowtheyestimatedistances,”ProfessorColinLever,althoughnotinvolvedinthestudy,said,“it’sexcitingtoexplorefishspatialmappingbecausefishnavigationevolvedearlierandbetterthanmostmammals.”12.WhydidDr.AdelaideSibeauxconductthestudyongoldfish?A.Totesttheaccuracyofgoldfish’sinternalGPS.B.Tocreateanadvancednavigationsystemforhumans.C.TouncoverhowaninbuiltGPShelpscalculatedistances.D.Toexploretherelationshipsbetweengoldfishandhumans.13.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperiment?A.Peoplegesturedthegoldfishthroughouttheexperiment.B.Thetankwasdecoratedwithcolorfulbackgroundpatterns.C.Goldfishtendedtounderestimatedistanceswithhorizontalstripes.D.Thechangeinthetanksettingledtothegoldfish’sincorrectjudgment.14.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?A.Opticflowmechanismisuniquetohumans.B.Mammalsdevelopedflowmechanismlongbeforegoldfish.C.Goldfishevaluatedthedistancewithmultidimensionalvisualinformation.D.Visualdensityoftheenvironmentstrengthenedthelocatingabilityofgoldfish.15.WhatattitudedoesProfessorColinholdtowardsthestudy?A.Objective. B.Ambiguous. C.Disapproving. D.Favorable.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，科学研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类如何使用内部GPS估计距离的理解。〖答案〗12.C13.D14.C15.D【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“thestudyaimstoshedlightonourunderstandingofhowfish,andpotentiallyhumans,estimatedistancesusingwhatcouldbedescribedasaninternalGPS.(这项研究旨在阐明我们对鱼类以及潜在的人类如何利用一种可以被称为内部GPS的东西来估计距离的理解)”可知，这项研究旨在揭示内置GPS如何帮助计算距离。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“However,whenthestripepatternwasalteredtoeithernarrowerverticalstripes,checkedpatterns,orhorizontalstripes(水平条纹),thefish’sbehaviorchangedsignificantly.Narrowerverticalstripesledthemtooverestimatingthedistanceby36%,whilehorizontalstripesresultedinhighlyinconsistentestimations.(然而，当条纹图案被改变为更窄的垂直条纹、格子图案或水平条纹时，鱼的行为发生了显著变化。较窄的垂直条纹导致他们高估了36%的距离，而水平条纹导致高度不一致的估计)”可知，鱼缸条纹改变后，鱼对距离的估算不准确了。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Accordingtotheresearchers,thegoldfishappearedtobeusingan‘optic(光学的)flowmechanism’basedonthevisualdensityoftheirenvironment.Theykepttrackofhowfrequentlytheverticalpatternswitchedbetweenblackandwhitetoestimatehowfartheyhadtraveled. Thestudysuggeststhatdifferentopticflowmechanismsareusedbymammals,includinghumans,basedonangular(有角度的)motionofvisualfeatures.(根据研究人员的说法，金鱼似乎使用了一种基于环境视觉密度的‘光学流动机制’。他们记录了垂直图案在黑色和白色之间切换的频率，以估计它们走了多远。这项研究表明，包括人类在内的哺乳动物使用不同的光流机制，这是基于视觉特征的角度运动)”可知，此处进一步阐明金鱼估计距离的原理，金鱼利用多维视觉信息来评估距离。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisstudyisnovelbecause,despiteknowingthatfishrespondtogeometricinformationregardingdirectionanddistance,wedon’tknowhowtheyestimatedistances,”ProfessorColinLever,althoughnotinvolvedinthestudy,said,“it’sexcitingtoexplorefishspatialmappingbecausefishnavigationevolvedearlierandbetterthanmostmammals.”(“这项研究是新颖的，因为尽管我们知道鱼类对方向和距离的几何信息有反应，但我们不知道它们是如何估计距离的，”科林·利弗教授说，尽管他没有参与这项研究，“探索鱼类的空间映射是令人兴奋的，因为鱼类的导航进化得比大多数哺乳动物更早，也更好。”)”可知，科林教授认为这项研究是令人兴奋的，所以是赞许的”可知，Colin教授对该研究的态度是积极地，赞成的。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Agardenisaprojectthatoftenrequiresafairlylargeinitialinvestmentofbothtimeandmoneyfromthestart—aswellasacommitmenttomaintainit.____16____.Thosewholiketheirhomegardenfinditrewardingbothasaplacetorelax,andasafunandhealthyhobby.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtohaveabackyard,youcanimaginetheenjoymentyou’dreceivefromchangingthatdusty,weedydeadspaceintoagreen,relaxingenvironment.____17____.Withregular,low-levelmaintenanceitwillcontinuetothrive(茁壮成长）andprovideyouwithpleasure.So,howcanyoubuildapleasanthomegarden?Someclevergardenersusedrought-resistantplantssuchascacti(仙人掌),andalittlebitofwateringandinspirationtoproducespacesthatarebothrelaxingandpleasingtotheeye.____18____.____19____.Ifyouputintheplantsandwalkwaysyourself,itwillbegoodforyourhealth.Manypeoplefindthatspendingawhilediggingholesfortreesorpullingweedsiseasiertostomachthanhalfanhouronarunningmachine,andwhocanblamethem?Itmighttakeawhiletoseethefitnessresults,butafewdays’workcanliterallytransformyouryard.Therearemanypopularhomegardenbooksandmagazines.____20____,asmanybookscontaindetailedplansforcomplexprojects.Usetheseresourcesasastartingpointandputtogethersomethinguniquelyyours—withinthelimitsofyourtimeandbudget.A.AtriptothelibrarycanhelpyougetstartedB.However,itisadeservingchallengeformanypeopleC.AhomegardencanbeagoodworkoutaswellasaplacetorelaxD.TheshapeofthespaceisoftenasimportantasitscontentsorsizeE.SomedoitforexerciseandspendalittletimeoutdoorsonasunnydayF.Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,it’spossibletocreatealovelyhomegardenG.Manygardenersalsoenjoyemployingtouchessuchasstonepathstocreateaniceatmosphere【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章给对家庭花园有兴趣的读者提供了一些有益的建议，指导他们该从哪些方面着手营建自己的花园。〖答案〗16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【16题详析】根据上一句“Agardenisaprojectthatoftenrequiresafairlylargeinitialinvestmentofbothtimeandmoneyfromthestart—aswellasacommitmenttomaintainit.”（一个花园是一个通常需要从一开始就投入相当大的时间和金钱的项目，还要有维护它的承诺。）和下一句“Thosewholiketheirhomegardenfinditrewardingbothasaplacetorelax,andasafunandhealthyhobby.”（那些喜欢自家花园的人发现它作为一个放松的地方，和一个有趣而健康的爱好是很值得的。）可知，上一句提到花园需要大量时间和金钱来维护，下一句却指出了它的好处，故前后之间为转折关系；故选项B.However,itisadeservingchallengeformanypeople（然而，对许多人来说，这是一个值得的挑战）承上启下，说明了虽然维护花园需要投入大量的时间和金钱，但这种挑战却是值得的，它为人们提供了放松的地方，带来了乐趣和健康。故选B。【17题详析】根据上一句“Ifyou’reluckyenoughtohaveabackyard,youcanimaginetheenjoymentyou’dreceivefromchangingthatdusty,weedydeadspaceintoagreen,relaxingenvironment.”（如果你足够幸运，有一个后院，你可以想象一下，把那个尘土飞扬、杂草丛生的死角变成一个绿色、放松的环境，你会得到什么样的享受。），选项F.Nomatterwhatthecircumstances,it’spossibletocreatealovelyhomegarden（无论在什么情况下，都有可能创造一个可爱的家庭花园）对上句作出了回答，你是有可能把后院改造成一个可爱的家庭花园的，承接上文；下一句“Withregular,low-levelmaintenanceitwillcontinuetothrive(茁壮成长）andprovideyouwithpleasure.”（通过定期的低水平维护，它将继续茁壮成长并为您提供乐趣。）中的“it”指代选项F中的“alovelyhomegarden”，语意连贯，衔接合理。故选F。【18题详析】根据上一句“Someclevergardenersusedrought-resistantplantssuchascacti(仙人掌),andalittlebitofwateringandinspirationtoproducespacesthatarebothrelaxingandpleasingtotheeye.”（一些聪明的园丁使用抗旱植物，如仙人掌，再加上一点点浇水和灵感，创造出既放松又赏心悦目的空间。）可知，该句描述了一些园丁建造宜人的家庭花园的方法；选项G.Manygardenersalsoenjoyemployingtouchessuchasstonepathstocreateaniceatmosphere（许多园丁也喜欢使用石头小径来创造良好的氛围）补充说明了其他一些园丁建造的方法，语意衔接合理，符合段落主题。故选G。【19题详析】空处为段落主题句。根据下一句“Ifyouputintheplantsandwalkwaysyourself,itwillbegoodforyourhealth.”（如果你自己放入植物、铺人行道，这对你的健康有好处。）和第四段内容可知，该段主要是描述了园艺对健康的好处；选项C.Ahomegardencanbeagoodworkoutaswellasaplacetorelax（一个家庭花园可以是一个很好的锻炼和放松的地方）概括表达了家庭花园对身心健康都有帮助，符合该段主题。故选C。【20题详析】根据上一句“Therearemanypopularhomegardenbooksandmagazines.”（有许多流行的家庭园艺书籍和杂志。），选项A.Atriptothelibrarycanhelpyougetstarted（去一趟图书馆可以帮助你开始）进一步提出可以通过去图书馆阅读那些流行的园艺书籍和杂志，承接上文；下一句“asmanybookscontaindetailedplansforcomplexprojects.”（因为许多书都包含复杂项目的详细计划。）具体解释了阅读这些图书的意义，符合语境。故选A。第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Bornwithnorightleg,AnthonyRobles,oneofthebestwrestlersintheNCAA,startedwrestlingwhenhewasinhighschool.Whenhiscousinfirst____21____himtowrestling,Robleswasn’ta/an____22____.However,hegraduallyfellinlovewithitandhehasbeendoingiteversince.Whilesomepeoplemighthave____23____hisdecisiontotakeonthesport,hisfamilywasahuge____24____ofsupportandencouragement.Hesaid:“They____25____inmefromayoungagethatIcoulddowhateverI____26____mymindto.“Theydidn’tgivemeanyspecial____27____.Theyraisedmelikeothers.”Whilethephysicalaspectsofthesportseemedtobethemostchallengingpart,atonepointRoblesrealizedheneededtobe____28____tougher.After____29____seventhatnationalsinhisjunioryear,hetooka____30____fromwrestlingforalittlewhile.Hesaid.“Iwas____31____.Thatreallyjusthelpedmetomentallygetbacktothesport.”Thencamethelastmatch.Robleswassoscaredthathewasalmoststartingtocry.Whenhedefeateddefendingnationalchampion7-1,the____32____werequitedifferent.“Icouldn’teven____33____it.”Hesaid,“Itwasjustagreatexperience.”NowRoblesisreadyforthenextpageinhislife,“Ireallywanttohelpotherpeopleachievethingsintheirlivesthatothersmightsayare____34____.”Roblesplanstoputhisamazingattitudeandenergyto____35____asamotivational(激励)speaker.21.A.showed B.recommended C.introduced D.attracted22.A.partner B.fan C.master D.audience23.A.questioned B.admired C.honored D.affected24.A.amount B.source C.flood D.supply25.A.planted B.breathed C.delivered D.registered26.A.exchange B.improve C.bury D.apply27.A.effect B.credit C.confidence D.treatment28.A.gradually B.obviously C.formally D.mentally29.A.succeeding B.going C.finishing D.becoming30.A.break B.job C.bus D.flight31.A.cutout B.leftout C.stressedout D.checkedout32.A.decisions B.emotions C.approaches D.goals33.A.impressed B.concentrated C.design D.believe34.A.useless B.extra C.confusing D.impossible35.A.rest B.place C.use D.test【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国大学生体育协会最好的摔跤手之一AnthonyRobles的励志故事。〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.B25.A26.D27.D28.D29.C30.A31.C32.B33.D34.D35.C【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的表弟第一次向他介绍摔跤时，Robles并不喜欢。A.showed展示；B.recommended推荐；C.introduced介绍；D.attracted吸引。结合“first”及语境可知，此处指别人第一次向他介绍摔跤，故选C。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.partner同伴；B.fan迷，狂热爱好者；C.master大师；D.audience观众。根据下文的转折“However,hegraduallyfellinlovewithit”可知，此处表示他并不是摔跤迷，即他并不喜欢摔跤，故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有些人可能会质疑他从事这项运动的决定，但他的家人是支持和鼓励的巨大来源。A.questioned质询，怀疑；B.admired钦佩；C.honored尊敬，尊重；D.affected影响。结合While表示的转折意义以及下文“supportandencouragement”可知，此处指别人质疑他的决定，故选A。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.amount数量；B.source来源；C.flood洪水；D.supply供应。结合“hisfamily”以及“supportandencouragement”可知，此处指他的家人支持和鼓励他，即支持和鼓励来源于他的家人，故选B。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“他们在我很小的时候就告诉我，我可以做任何我想做的事。”A.planted(使思想、信念等)根植于；B.breathed呼吸；C.delivered递送；D.registered登记，注册。结合语境及“fromayoungage”可知，此处指小时候父母教导Robles，故选A。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.exchange交换；B.improve提高，改善；C.bury埋葬；D.apply申请。上文提到家人支持和鼓励他，结合“Icoulddowhatever”可知，此处指“我可以做任何我想做的事”，固定搭配applyone’smindto“专心于”，故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没有给我任何特殊对待。A.effect影响；B.credit信誉；C.confidence自信；D.treatment对待。根据下文“Theyraisedmelikeothers.”可知，虽然Robles天生残疾，但是父母并没有对他区别对待，故选D。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这项运动的身体方面似乎是最具挑战性的部分，但Robles一度意识到他需要在精神上更坚强。A.gradually逐渐地；B.obviously明显地；C.formally正式地；D.mentally精神上。此处和上文“physicalaspects”形成对比，指精神方面，故选D。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大三时，他在全国比赛中获得第七名，之后他暂时放弃了摔跤。A.succeeding成功；B.going去；C.finishing(赛跑、竞赛)得……名，获得……成绩；D.becoming变成。根据“seventhatnationals”可知，此处指在全国比赛中获得第七名，故选C。【30题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.break休息；B.job工作；C.bus公交车；D.flight航班。根据下文“getbacktothesport”可知，他暂时休息一段时间，故选A。【31题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“我压力很大。”A.cutout切断；B.leftout遗漏，省略；C.stressedout有压力的；D.checkedout退房。根据上文“Roblesrealizedheneededtobe_______tougher”以及下文“Thatreallyjusthelpedmetomentallygetbacktothesport.(这真的帮助我在精神上重新回到这项运动中)”可知，他精神压力很大，故选C。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他以7比1击败卫冕冠军时，情绪截然不同。A.decisions决定；B.emotions情绪；C.approaches方法；D.goals目标。根据上文“Robleswassoscared”可知，Robles很害怕，结合下文“Itwasjustagreatexperience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，他的情绪变得不同，故选B。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我简直不敢相信。”他说：“这是一次很棒的经历。”A.impressed给……留下深刻印象；B.concentrated集中；C.design设计；D.believe相信。根据上文“Robleswassoscaredthathewasalmoststartingtocry.”可知，Robles害怕得几乎要哭了，结合下文“Itwasjustagreatexperience.(这是一次很棒的经历)”可知，此处指简直不敢相信，故选D。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，Robles已经准备好翻开人生的新篇章，“我真的很想帮助别人实现那些别人可能认为不可能实现的事情。”A.useless无用的；B.extra额外的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.impossible不可能的。结合上文“Whilesomepeoplemighthave_______hisdecisiontotakeonthesport”可知，别人曾经质疑他从事摔跤运动的决定，故此处指“别人可能认为不可能实现的事情”，故选D。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名励志演说家，Robles计划利用他惊人的态度和精力。A.rest休息；B.place地方；C.use使用；D.test测试。结合上文“Ireallywanttohelpotherpeopleachievethings…”可知，Robles想要帮助人们，故此处指利用他惊人的态度和精力去做演讲，固定搭配put…touse“利用，把……投入使用”，故选C。第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当