河南省、山西省2023-2024学年高三下学期5月份大联考英语试题(解析版)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省、山西省2023-2024学年高三下学期5月份大联考英语试题第一部分听力略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHeightsLibrary(HL)isheretohelpbyconnectingyoutocompanies,organizations,andothermediathatofferaccesstofree,qualitycontent.ArtforKidsHubItprovideshundredsofvideosthatteachkids(andtheiradults)howtodraw,fold,paint,andsculpttotheirheart’scontent.LearnhowtodrawyourfavoriteDisneyorFortnitecharacters,foldashirtcardforFather’sDay.Projectsrequireonlyafewartsupplies.For:GradesPreK-8Where:VisittheirwebsiteBabbelIt’sapopularlanguagelearningapp.Babbelcoursesaredesignedbylanguageexpertsandareavailablein13differentlanguages.Shortlessonswithinteractivedialogue,practicalphrasesandvocabularyallowstudentstoputthemselvesdeeplyinanewlanguage.For:K-CollegestudentsWhere:RegisteranaccountatBabbelandaccessonmobileordesktopdevicesBrainPOPIt’saneducationalwebsitethatcreatesdigitalcontentforK-8students.Lessonsbeginwithashort,animatedvideoandareaccompaniedbyinteractivequizzes,extensionactivities,andgames.Videosfeaturearelatableandengagingcast,includingabelovedorangerobotnamedMoby.There’reSpanishandFrenchversions,aswellasanoptionforEnglishlanguagelearners.For:GradesK-8Where:BrainPOPisofferingfreeaccesstofamiliesTentoExploreTheMetroparksmakeiteasytogetoutofthehousewiththefunchallengeTentoExplorepresentedbyWaysideFurniture.Eachmonthtenparksoractivitiesarehighlightedtoencouragepeopletochooseoutsideexploration.Taganyphotosonsocialmediawith#TentoExplore#forachancetowinaspecialprizepack.For:AllagesWhere:Checktheirwebsiteforupdatesonreservation1.WhatisFortnitemostlikely?A.AgiftforFather’sDay. B.Amodernsculpture.C.Aprojectbyawebsite. D.Apopulargame.2.Whichwillyouchooseifyouwanttoexperiencenatureinperson?A.ArtforKidsHub. B.Babbel. C.TentoExplore. D.BrainPOP.3.Whatdotheresourceshaveincommon?A.Theyaredigital. B.TheyaredesignedbyHL.C.Theyarefreeonlyforkids. D.Theyarefavoredbylanguagelearners.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种供儿童、成年人和家庭使用的数字资源。〖答案〗1.D2.C3.A【1题详析】推理判断题。根据ArtforKidsHub部分“LearnhowtodrawyourfavoriteDisneyorFortnitecharacters(学习如何画出你最喜欢的迪士尼或《堡垒之夜》角色)”可知，在ArtforKidsHub可以学习画Fortnite中的角色，结合选项可推知，Fortnite很有可能是一款流行游戏。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据TentoExplore部分“Eachmonthtenparksoractivitiesarehighlightedtoencouragepeopletochooseoutsideexploration.(每个月10个公园或10项活动，鼓励人们选择户外探索)”可知，想要亲近大自然，可以参加TentoExplore。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据ArtforKidsHub部分中“Where:Visittheirwebsite(在哪里：访问他们的网站)”、Babbel部分中“Where:RegisteranaccountatBabbelandaccessonmobileordesktopdevices(在哪里：在Babbel注册一个帐户，并在移动或桌面设备上访问)”、BrainPOP部分中“It’saneducationalwebsitethatcreatesdigitalcontentforK-8students.(这是一个教育网站，为K-8年级的学生创建数字内容)”和TentoExplore部分中“Where:Checktheirwebsiteforupdatesonreservation(在哪里：查看他们的网站了解最新的预订信息)”可知，四个资源都是在网站上或者APP中，都是数字化资源。故选A。BLeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionizedthewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh’steamdidn’twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprovingthatitwasworkablethroughtheprototypes,”Walshsaid.Theneightyearslater,Chrysler’snewCEOLeeIacoccagreenlightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwasaproductthatneededtobeonthemarket,”Walshsaid.“Itwasdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextracargo(货物)spaceandroominessforpassengers,theChryslerminivanwasaninstanthit.“ItbecamethecashcowofChryslerCorporation,”Walshsaid.After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.“Theworld’sbestminivansandthatistrue,”Walshsaid.“Itwasalandmarkvehicle.”2024marksthe40thanniversaryoftheminivan,provinggoodideasgetgoodgasmileage.The93-year-olddoesn’ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutWalshfromparagraph2?A.HeoncehadtheideaofworkingforGM. B.Hewasn’tvaluedinthecompanyinitially.C.HejoinedChryslertodesigntheminivan. D.Helearntengineeringbecausehewaspoor.5.WhatwastheattitudeoftheCEOsbeforeLeeIacoccatoWalsh’sprototype?A.Unclear. B.Approving. C.Tolerant. D.Dismissive.6.WhichbestdescribesWalshasateamleader?A.Strict. B.Modest. C.Ambitious. D.Humorous.7.WhatcanwelearnfromWalsh’sstory?A.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. B.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.C.Yoursuccesscomesfromlovingwhatyoudo. D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了LeoWalsh设计厢式旅行车的故事。〖答案〗4.A5.D6.B7.C【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry(这是我做过的最好的决定，因为如果我去了通用汽车，我可能很快就会迷失)”可推知，Walsh曾经想过去通用汽车公司工作。故选A。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Theneightyearslater,Chrysler’snewCEOLeeIacoccagreenlightedtheproject.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在LeeIacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The93-year-olddoesn’ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.(这位93岁的老人并不把这辆小型货车归功于自己。直到今天，沃尔什仍然高度赞扬他的天才团队)”可知，Walsh高度赞扬了自己的团队，即Walsh是一位很谦虚的人。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”(令人钦佩的是，这位退休的工程师帮助引进了一种新的驾驶方式。“我享受这些工作的每一分钟。这就是我要说的。我享受我职业生涯的每一分钟。我很幸运能从一开始就在那里。”)”可推知，我们可以从Walsh的经历中学到：成功源于热爱。故选C。CCanhappinessbeobtained—bylearningaboutitinschool?TheUniversityofBristol’sScienceofHappinesscourse,whichlaunchedin2018,ishelpinganswerthatquestion.Notyourtypicalcollegeclass,theinnovativecoursefeaturesabsolutelynotestsorwork.Insteaditfocusesonteachingstudentswhatthelateststudiesinpsychologysuggestreallymakespeoplehappy.Now,theresearchteambehindthatclasshasreleasedanewstudyreportingitreallyispossibletolearnhowtobehappy.Thankstotheircourse,researchershadalreadyestablishedthatteachingstudentsaboutthelatestscientificstudiesfocusingonhappinessresultsinanotableimprovementinwell-being.Duringthislatestproject,theytookthingsastepfurther.Theirworkshowsthatincreasesinwell-beingamongstudentsareultimatelyshort-lived—unlessindividualspracticewhat’sbeentaughtduringthecourseforages.“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.Justaswithphysicalhealth,wehavetocontinuouslyworkonourmentalhealth,otherwisetheimprovementsaretemporary,”explainsseniorstudyauthorProfessorBruceHood.Studentswhotookthehappinesscoursereporteda10to15percentimprovementinwell-being.However,onlythosewhocontinuedpracticingwhattheylearnedduringthecoursereportedsustainedimprovedwell-beinguponbeingsurveyedagaintwoyearslater.Thisprojectisthefirstevertotrackthewell-beingofstudentswhohadtakenahappinesscourselongaftertheclassended.“Togainmoreinformationabouthappiness,we’llcontinuestudying.Whatweteachisrelatedtopositivepsychologyinterventions(干预)thattakeyourattentionawayfromyourself,byhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orthankfulness,”Prof.Hoodsaid.“Thisistheoppositeofthecurrentprinciple,butcountlessstudieshaveshownthatgettingoutofourownheadshelpsgetusawayfromnegativethinking.”Prof.Hoodrecentlyturnedthecourseintoanewbook,releasedearlierthismonth.TheScienceofHappiness:SevenLessonsforLivingWelldetailsanevidence-informedroadmaptobetterwell-being.8.WhatdoweknowaboutScienceofHappinesscourse?A.It’sananalysisofstudents’exams. B.It’saresearchplatformfortheteam.C.It’stheteam’stheoreticalfoundation. D.It’sthecollectionofresearchprocesses.9.WhydoesProf.Hoodmention“thegym”inparagraph3?A.Toofferasolution. B.Tomakeaprediction.C.Toillustrateanidea. D.Toraiseaquestion.10.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothecurrentprinciple?A.Talkingtostrangers. B.Givinggiftstoothers.C.Spendingmoneyononeself. D.Walkinginnaturewithfriends.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toassessanewwaytostudyhappiness. B.Toshowanewstudyresultonhappiness.C.Tocommentonabookabouthappiness. D.Tostresstheneedofgaininghappiness.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。布里斯托大学于2018年推出了幸福科学课程。这门课程背后的研究小组最近发布了一项新的研究报告称：我们可以学习如何变得快乐。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.B【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Now,theresearchteambehindthatclasshasreleasedanewstudyreportingitreallyispossibletolearnhowtobehappy.(现在，这门课背后的研究小组发布了一项新的研究报告，报告说，学习如何快乐真的是可能的。)”以及第三段“Thisprojectisthefirstevertotrackthewell-beingofstudentswhohadtakenahappinesscourselongaftertheclassended.(这个项目是有史以来第一个追踪那些在课程结束很久之后还在学习幸福课程的学生的幸福感的项目。)”可知，这门课程为这个研究小组提供了研究平台。故选B。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thankstotheircourse,researchershadalreadyestablishedthatteachingstudentsaboutthelatestscientificstudiesfocusingonhappinessresultsinanotableimprovementinwell-being.Duringthislatestproject,theytookthingsastepfurther.Theirworkshowsthatincreasesinwell-beingamongstudentsareultimatelyshort-lived—unlessindividualspracticewhat’sbeentaughtduringthecourseforages.(多亏了这门课程，研究人员已经证实，教授学生有关幸福的最新科学研究，可以显著提高他们的幸福感。在这个最新的项目中，他们更进一步。他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的——除非他们长期实践课程中教授的内容。)”可知，他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段“It’slikegoingtothegym—wecan’texpecttodooneclassandbefitforever.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康)”可推知，Hood提到gym是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Whatweteachisrelatedtopositivepsychologyinterventions(干预)thattakeyourattentionawayfromyourself,byhelpingothers,beingwithfriends,orthankfulness(我们教的是积极心理学干预，通过帮助别人，和朋友在一起，或者感恩，把你的注意力从自己身上转移开)”以及“Thisistheoppositeofthecurrentprinciple,butcountlessstudieshaveshownthatgettingoutofourownheadshelpsgetusawayfromnegativethinking.(这与目前的原则相反，但无数的研究表明，摆脱自己的想法有助于我们摆脱消极的想法)”可知，“thecurrentprinciple”关注的是“自我”，这容易造成负面思维，而幸福科学课程关注的是“与他人交往”，因此推断“给自己花钱”属于“thecurrentprinciple”。故选C。【11题详析】推理判断题。通读全文和第一段的“Now,theresearchteambehindthatclasshasreleasedanewstudyreportingitreallyispossibletolearnhowtobehappy.(现在,这个班级背后的研究团队发布了一份新的研究报告,报告说,学习如何快乐是有可能的。)”可知，本文主要介绍了幸福科学课程背后的研究团队对幸福快乐进行研究所得到的成果：我们可以学会快乐，同时，我们要持续实践课程所教的方法，比如帮助他人，感恩他人等，这种快乐才能长久。因此推断作者的写作目的是展示一项关于幸福的新研究结果。故选B。DResearchersfromNorthCarolinaStateUniversityarguethattheadditionofafourth(white-colored)trafficsignalwouldbringdifferenttrafficeffects.“Ourworkintroducedtheideaofafourthtrafficsignalcalleda‘whitephase’,whichtapsintothecomputingpowerofautonomousvehicles(AVs)inordertoexpeditetrafficatcrossroads,”saysProf.AliHajbabaie,correspondingauthorofthepaper.“OurresearchfoundthatthemoreAVsthereareontheroad,themoreefficientlythetrafficmoves.You’llseelesscongestion(堵塞).Tobeclear,thisimprovestraveltime,fuelefficiencyandsafetyforallofthecars.”ThewhitephaseconcepttakesadvantageofAVs’abilitytocommunicatewirelesslywitheachotherandthecomputersincontroloftrafficsignals.WhenenoughAVsapproachacrossroad,thiswouldactivatethenewtrafficlight—thewhitelight.Whileredlightsmeanstop,andgreenlightsmeango,whitelightswilltellhumandriverstosimplyfollowthecarinfrontofthem.Inotherwords,thewhitelightservesasasignal.Duringthetime,AVsarecoordinating(协调)theirmovementtofacilitateefficienttrafficflowthroughthecrossroad.WhentoomanyvehiclesapproachingthecrossroadaredrivenbyhumandriversinsteadofAVs,thesignalwillreturntothetraditionalgreenyellowredmode.“IfatsomepointinthefutureweseealmostuniversaladoptionofAVs,ourmodelssuggestthatdelaysatcrossroadswoulddecreasebymorethan25%,”Hajbabaiesays.Studyauthorsacknowledgegovernmentsprobablywon’tadoptthenewconceptanytimesoon.“Still,we’renowtakingstepstoensurethatfuturepilotprojectswillbebothsafeandeffective.We’recurrentlysettingupaphysicaltestbedthatwillallowustoexperimentwiththisconceptinthephysicalworld—notjustinacomputermodel,”Hajbabaieconcludes.“However,thevehicleswe’reusinginthetestbedaresmallenoughtoholdinourhands.Thiswillhelpusidentifychallengeswithouttheexpense—andsafetyrisk—involvedwithusingrealvehicles.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expedite”inparagraph2mean?A.Workout. B.Speedup. C.Putoff. D.Holdback.13.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A.Howthewhitephraseworks. B.Whenthetraditionalsignalsreturn.C.Whatthewhitephrasebringsvehicles. D.Whytrafficefficiencyisimproved.14.WhatdoesHajbabaieexpectofthewhitephrase?A.It’llbecomemoremature. B.It’llreachconsumersverysoon.C.It’llreduceexperimentalcosts. D.It’llbetestedinacomputermodel.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.UsingWhitePhraseIndicatesAdvancedTrafficB.FourthTrafficSignalIsInventedtoGuideAVsC.TrafficCongestionMakesWhitePhaseHappenD.Adding4thTrafficSignalCanEaseCongestion【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。北卡罗莱纳州立大学的研究人员认为，需增加交通信号灯第四色——白色信号灯。它的主要用途是在自动驾驶汽车成为路口主要交通流时，向人类驾驶员发出信号，使得人类驾驶员可以跟随自动驾驶车辆通过路口。这种新方法显著缩短了车辆通过路口的行驶时间。〖答案〗12.B13.A14.A15.D【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“OurresearchfoundthatthemoreAVsthereareontheroad,themoreefficientlythetrafficmoves.You’llseelesscongestion(堵塞).Tobeclear,thisimprovestraveltime,fuelefficiencyandsafetyforallofthecars.(我们的研究发现，道路上的自动驾驶汽车越多，交通运行效率就越高。你会看到更少的拥堵。需要明确的是，这改善了所有汽车的行驶时间、燃油效率和安全性)”可知，划线词所在句子意思为我们的工作引入了第四种交通信号的概念，称为“白色阶段”，它利用自动驾驶汽车(AVs)的计算能力来加速十字路口的交通，由此可知，该词意为“加快速度”。故选B。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“ThewhitephaseconcepttakesadvantageofAVs’abilitytocommunicatewirelesslywitheachotherandthecomputersincontroloftrafficsignals….WhentoomanyvehiclesapproachingthecrossroadaredrivenbyhumandriversinsteadofAVs,thesignalwillreturntothetraditionalgreenyellowredmode.(白色阶段的概念利用了自动驾驶汽车相互之间进行无线通信以及控制交通信号灯的电脑的能力。当足够多的自动驾驶汽车接近十字路口时，就会激活新的交通灯——白光。红灯意味着停车，绿灯意味着行驶，而白光则是告诉人类驾驶员简单地跟随前面的车辆。换句话说，白光充当一个信号。在这段时间里，自动驾驶汽车正在协调它们的移动，以促进交通流通过十字路口。当接近十字路口的车辆中有太多是由人类驾驶员驾驶而不是自动驾驶汽车时，信号灯将恢复到传统的绿黄红模式)”可知，本段主要介绍了whitephase是如何工作的。故选A。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Still,we’renowtakingstepstoensurethatfuturepilotprojectswillbebothsafeandeffective.We’recurrentlysettingupaphysicaltestbedthatwillallowustoexperimentwiththisconceptinthephysicalworld—notjustinacomputermodel(不过，我们现在正在采取措施，确保未来的试点项目既安全又有效。我们目前正在建立一个物理测试平台，这将使我们能够在物理世界中试验这个概念，而不仅仅是在计算机模型中)”可推知，Hajbabaie希望whitephase概念更加成熟。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，研究人员认为，增加交通信号灯第四色——白色信号灯可以显著缩短车辆通过路口的行驶时间，从而缓解交通堵塞。由此可推知，D项Adding4thTrafficSignalCanEaseCongestion(增加第四个交通信号可以缓解拥堵)最适合作文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WeoftenhearverybadstatisticsaboutthedestructionoftheAmazon.____16____OneAmazonianIndiantribe(部落)everyyearhasdisappearedsince1900.Unlesssomethingisdonetopreventit,theAmazonwillbetotallydestroyedinfiftyyears’time.____17____Althoughitisbeingdestroyedbybigfarmersandlogging(伐木)companies,thebiggestcauseofitsdestructionisthecuttingdownoftreesbythousandsofsmall-scalefarmers.____18____Theycutdowntreesoftherainforesttogrowcropstomakemoney.ThesoiloftheAmazonisperfectforplantsaslongastherearetrees.ItisthetreesthatrecyclethenutrientsthatmaketheAmazonsuitableforgrowingfood.Whenthefarmerscutdownthetrees,thesoilcanonlysupportcropsforoneortwoyears.____19____Loggingisthesecondbiggestcauseofthedestructionoftherainforest.Alotofthetreesaretakenforfirewood,charcoal,orformakingfurniture.Notonlyarethesetreesdestroyed,butthetreesaroundthemarealsodestroyedtomakewayfortheroadsandtracksneededtotakethewoodaway.Largeareasofforesthavealsobeencutdowntofreelandforcattlefarming.____20____Andtheranchers(牧场主)moveon.Moretreeswillbesuretodisappearbecauseoftheircattle.MostoftherainforestlieswithinBrazil.Fortunately,itisbeginningtobringmorelawstoprotectitsrainforest.A.Againthelandcannotsupportthemforlong.B.Sotheyhavetomoveon,andcutdownmoretrees.C.Theprobleminvolvesorganizationsandgovernments.D.Thetreesareoftenconsideredimportanttobigfarmers.E.Povertyforcespeopletoleavethecitiesandlookforland.F.Anareaofrainforest,thesizeofBelgium,iscutdownannually.G.Thetruekeyfactorscausingdamagetotherainforestisnotasyouimagine.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的原因。〖答案〗16.F17.G18.E19.B20.A【16题详析】根据上文“WeoftenhearverybadstatisticsaboutthedestructionoftheAmazon.(我们经常听到关于亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的糟糕统计数据)”以及下文“OneAmazonianIndiantribe(部落)everyyearhasdisappearedsince1900.(自1900年以来，每年都有一个亚马逊印第安部落消失)”可知，本句承接上文，具体说明亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的情况。故F项“每年有相当于比利时面积的热带雨林被砍伐。”符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】根据下文“Althoughitisbeingdestroyedbybigfarmersandlogging(伐木)companies,thebiggestcauseofitsdestructionisthecuttingdownoftreesbythousandsofsmall-scalefarmers.(虽然它正在被大农场主和伐木公司破坏，但其破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小农砍伐树木)”可知，后文主要论述了森林被破坏的原因。故G项“造成雨林被破坏的真正的关键因素并不像你想象的那样。”符合语境。故选G。【18题详析】根据上文“Althoughitisbeingdestroyedbybigfarmersandlogging(伐木)companies,thebiggestcauseofitsdestructionisthecuttingdownoftreesbythousandsofsmall-scalefarmers.(虽然它正在被大农场主和伐木公司破坏，但其破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小农砍伐树木)”可知，造成森林被破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小规模农户砍伐树木；再根据下文“Theycutdowntreesoftherainforesttogrowcropstomakemoney.(他们砍伐雨林的树木来种植农作物来赚钱)”可知，后文提到看法雨林是为了赚钱，说明是贫困导致的，故E项“贫困迫使人们离开城市去寻找土地。”符合语境。故选E。【19题详析】根据上文“Whenthefarmerscutdownthetrees,thesoilcanonlysupportcropsforoneortwoyears.(当农民砍倒树木时，土壤只能支持作物一到两年)”可知，上文土壤只能支持农作物一到两年，说明接下来土壤无法使用，农民要搬走来取得其他土地种植粮食。故B项“农民不得不继续搬走，到另外的地方砍更多的树以获取土地种粮食。”符合语境。故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Largeareasofforesthavealsobeencutdowntofreelandforcattlefarming.(大面积的森林也被砍伐，腾出土地用于养牛)”以及下文“Andtheranchers(牧场主)moveon.Moretreeswillbesuretodisappearbecauseoftheircattle.(牧场主们继续前行。更多的树木肯定会因为他们的牛而消失)”可知，大面积的森林被砍伐，腾出的土地用于养牛，但这片土地又不能长久地供养这些牛，因此，牧场主又得搬走，导致更多的树木被砍伐掉。A选项“这片土地又不能长久地支持他们”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A6-year-oldgirlnamedQuinnHillisbeinghonoredforwhatshedidforhermom.Quinn’smom,Jennifer,saidthatearlierthisyear,shewas____21____.Shedidn’trememberwhathappenednext,soQuinnfilledinthe____22____.“QuinntoldmethatI,____23____,satdowninachair,lookingupattheceilingandstartedbreathingquickly,”Jennifersaid.“ShesaidthatIthen____24____thechairontomyleftsideandmyhandsweretogetherandmybodywasshaking.Shekeptsaying,‘Mommy,Mommy,’andIwouldn’t____25____.”WhenJenniferdidn’tcometo,____26____Quinndecidedtograbherthree-year-oldbrotherandruntoaneighbor’shousetoaskforhelp.Noone____27____atthefirsthouse,soshetriedanother.Fortunately,theycametothedoorand____28____followedthekidsbacktotheirhome,wherethey____29____Jenniferlyingunconsciousonthekitchenfloor.The____30____neighborcalledJennifer’shusband,whosentemergencyservicestothe____31____.Andtheytransportedhertoalocalhospitalwheredoctors____32____shehadagrandmalseizureI(癫痫).Itwasthefirsttimeshe’dhadone.TorecognizeQuinnandher____33____,Conover,NC,Mayor(市长)KyleJ.Hayman,honoredherwitha____34____certificateduringacitycouncilceremony,wherehealso____35____Resolution05-24namingFebruary5,2024,as“QuinnHillDay”.21.A.cooking B.sleeping C.driving D.camping22.A.positions B.blanks C.districts D.forms23.A.inturn B.forexample C.withkindness D.atfirst24.A.gavewayto B.madeupfor C.brokeawayfrom D.felloutof25.A.care B.repeal C.respond D.agree26.A.modest B.courageous C.grateful D.curious27.A.commented B.wondered C.answered D.rejected28.A.instantly B.naturally C.eventually D.gradually29.A.had B.left C.prevented D.found30.A.tough-minded B.kind-hearted C.eye-catching D.face-saving31.A.home B.office C.school D.hospital32.A.feared B.predicted C.discovered D.doubted33.A.experience B.idea C.action D.intention34.A.registration B.competition C.birth D.recognition35.A.inspected B.adopted C.promised D.continued【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述6岁小女孩QuinnHill因为她为妈妈所做的一切而受到表彰的故事。〖答案〗21.A22.B23.D24.D25.C26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.C33.C34.D35.B【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quinn的妈妈Jennifer说，今年早些时候，她在做饭。A.cooking做饭；B.sleeping睡觉；C.driving驾驶；D.camping露营。根据下文“wherethey______Jenniferlyingunconsciousonthekitchenfloor”可知，Jennifer晕倒在厨房，故推知当时她正在做饭，故选A。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不记得接下来发生了什么，所以Quinn填补了空白。A.positions位置；B.blanks空白；C.districts地区；D.forms形式。根据下文“QuinntoldmethatI,_____,satdowninachair,lookingupattheceilingandstartedbreathingquickly”可知，Jennifer晕倒后不知道发生了什么，Quinn讲述了接下来的事情，故此处指Quinn填补了这段空白的记忆，故选B。【23题详析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：“Quinn告诉我，一开始，我坐在椅子上，抬头看着天花板，开始急促地呼吸，”Jennifer说。A.inturn轮流；B.forexample例如；C.withkindness善良地；D.atfirst起初，一开始。结合下文“ShesaidthatIthen____thechairontomyleftside”中的“then”可知，一开始Jennifer坐在椅子上，抬头看着天花板，然后从椅子上摔下来，故选D。【24题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说，然后我从椅子上摔了下来，身体左侧，双手并拢，身体在颤抖。A.gavewayto向……让步；B.madeupfor弥补；C.brokeawayfrom脱离；D.felloutof从……掉下来。根据上文“satdowninachair”和下文中“wherethey________Jenniferlyingunconsciousonthekitchenfloor”可知，Jennifer从椅子上摔了下来，故选D。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不停地说，‘妈妈，妈妈’，我没有反应。A.care关心；B.repeal废除；C.respond回应；D.agree同意。根据“Shekeptsaying,‘Mommy,Mommy,’”和下文“Jenniferlyingunconsciousonthekitchenfloor”提到Jennifer失去意识可知，Jennifer没有反应，故选C。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Jennifer没有醒过来时，勇敢的Quinn决定抓住她三岁的弟弟，跑到邻居家寻求帮助。A.modest谦虚的；B.courageous勇敢的；C.grateful感激的；D.curious好奇的。根据“Quinndecidedtograbherthree-year-oldbrotherandruntoaneighbor’shousetoaskforhelp”可知，妈妈晕倒，Quinn带着弟弟跑到邻居家寻求帮助，由此推知她是勇敢的，故选B。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一家没有人回应，所以她又去了另一家。A.commented评论；B.wondered想知道；C.answered回答，回应；D.rejected拒绝。根据下文“soshetriedanother”可知，他们去了第二家，说明第一家没有人回应，故选C。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，他们来到门口，立即跟着孩子们回到了他们的家，在那里他们发现Jennifer躺在厨房的地板上不省人事。A.instantly立即；B.naturally自然而然地；C.eventually最后；D.gradually逐渐地。根据“followedthekidsbacktotheirhome”可知，紧急情况下邻居应是立即跟着孩子们回家查看情况，故选A。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.had有；B.left离开；C.prevented阻止；D.found发现。根据“Jenniferlyingunconsciousonthekitchenfloor”可知，他们到了Jennifer家后，发现Jennifer失去意识躺在地板上，故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位好心的邻居打电话给Jennifer的丈夫，他派了紧急服务人员到她家。A.tough-minded坚定理智的；B.kind-hearted好心的；C.eye-catching引人注目的；D.face-saving保全面子的。根据“calledJennifer’shusband”和语境可知，邻居提供帮助，故是好心的，故选B。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.home家；B.office办公室；C.school学校；D.hospital医院。根据“Andtheytransportedhertoalocalhospital”可知，紧急服务人员将Jennifer送去医院，故此处指派紧急服务人员到家里，故选A。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们把她送到当地一家医院，医生发现她癫痫大发作。A.feared害怕；B.predicted预测；C.discovered发现；D.doubted怀疑。根据主语“doctors”和“shehadagrandmalseizureI(癫痫)”可知，此处指医生发现她是癫痫发作，故选C。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了表彰Quinn和她的行为，北卡罗来纳州科诺弗市市长KyleJ.Hayman在市议会仪式上向她颁发了表彰证书，并通过了第05-24号决议，将2024年2月5日命名为“奎因·希尔日”。A.experience经验；B.idea主意，想法；C.action行为；D.intention意图。根据文章首句“A6-year-oldgirlnamedQuinnHillisbeinghonoredforwhatshedidforhermom.(一个名叫QuinnHill的6岁小女孩因为她为妈妈所做的一切而受到表彰)”可知，QuinnHill因自己的行为而受到表彰，故选C。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.registration登记，注册；B.competition竞争；C.birth出生；D.recognition认可，赞赏。根据“TorecognizeQuinnandher_______”和语境可知，表彰QuinnHill应是给她颁发表彰证书，故选D。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.inspected检查；B.adopted正式通过，表决采纳；C.promised承诺；D.continued继续。根据空后“Resolution05-24namingFebruary5,2024,as“QuinnHillDay””可知，此处指通过一项决议，故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AGuizhougoldenMonkey“XiaoFan”gavebirthtoababyonMarch21,2024insouthwestChina’sMountFanjingshanregion,theFanjingshanNationalNatureReserveAdministrationannouncedFriday.TheGuizhougoldenmonkeyisalsocalledtherareGuizhousnub-nosedmonkey____36____(know)asthe“Earth’sonlychild”.Thebabymonkeyisinsoundhealth.Amazingly,overthepasteightyears,“XiaoFan”____37____(give)birthtofourhealthybabiessuccessfully,accordingtothereserveadministration.Andthishasmadeagreatcontributionto____38____(they)researchwork.TherareGuizhousnub-nosedmonkey,____39____exclusivelylivesintheareaofMountFanjingshan,aUNESCOWorldNaturalHeritageSite,isundertop-level____40____(protect)inChinaandislistedasa“____41____(critical)endangered”speciesbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.YangWei,headoftheGuizhousnub-nosedmonkeyresearchcenterofthenaturereserve,saidthatthebreeding(繁殖)periodofthemonkeyswasshortenedfromthreeyearstotwoyearsatthecenter,thus____42____(help)carryoutscientificresearchonthemonkeysgreatly.Amongthethreespeciesofgoldensnub-nosedmonkeysendemic(特有的)toChina,theGuizhousnub-nosedmonkeyistheonewiththe____43____(small)population,thenarrowesthabitatandtheleastecologicalinformation.Therehasbeen____44____estimatedpopulationof700to800rareGuizhousnub-nosedmonkeys._____45_____present,therear