Unit+3+Diverse+Cultures+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit3DiverseCulturesDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略省略（Ellipsis)Shutup.(You)shutup.Soundslikeagoodidea.(It)soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分Thisway,please.(Youcome)

thisway,please.Gotanyink?(Haveyou)gotanyink?3.省略宾语—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon’tknow(her).4.

省略表语—Areyouthirsty？—Yes,Iam(thirsty).5.省略系动词，主要用于口语中Everything(is)ingoodcondition.6.省略不定式(1)答语中的有些动词后跟不定式做宾语时，可将其动词省略，而保留to，这样的动词或短语常见的有want，wish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，begoingto，beaboutto等。—Willyougowithme?—Yes,I’dliketo(gowithyou).(2)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。Youcan’tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe’snotreadyto(answerthequestion).(3)如果做宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态，则需在to之后加上be或have。—Areyouadoctor?—No,butIwanttobe(adoctor).—Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.—Heoughttohave(finishedhishomework).(4)两个或两个以上的不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的常可省略to。MyjobistolookafterthechildrenandteachthemEnglish.但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to都不能省略。Tobefortheplanortobeagainstitdoesn’tmatter.(5)当不定式做表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及其各种形式，则不定式中的to常可省略。Whathewantstodoisgohome.(6)介词but前面有动词do，后面的不定式可省略to。Hecandonothingbutliedownandsleep.(7)感官动词和使役动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式要省略to(help后的to可带可不带)，但在被动语态中不能省略。Isawaboyfalldownfromthetree.I’llhelpyou(to)dothework.Sheisoftenheardtosingasongintheclassroom.二、并列句中的省略1.若主语或宾语相同，省略共同的主语或宾语。Tompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisteacher.2.若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.SallywillbearrivingtodayandAnn(willbearriving)tomorrow.3.若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.4.若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn’t(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid).三、复合句中的省略1.宾语从句中的省略(1)在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略。Itrulybelieve(that)

beautycomesfromwithin.Hetoldme

(that)

shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.(2)when，where，which，how，why等疑问词引导的宾语从句，若与前面内容有重复，可将其省略，仅保留疑问词。IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon’tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).(3)当用I’mafraid，Ithink，Ibelieve，Ihope，Iguess等做答句时，后面常用省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。—Doyouthinkitwillrain?—Iguessso.Ihopeso.

我希望如此。Ihopenot.

我希望不会。I’mafraidso/not.

恐怕如此/不是。Ithink/believe/guess/expect/supposeso.(4)在与suggest，request，order，advise等词有关的名词性从句中，从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。Isuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.2.定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中做宾语的关系代词that，which，who，whom可省略，但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。Heisoneofthemen

(whom)Icantrust.ThefirminwhichDickworkedhasgonebankrupt.(2)theway作先行词，在定语从句中作状语，关系代词可省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)helearnsEnglish.(3)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。Theticket

(that/whichwas)

bookedbyhissisterhasbeensenttohim.Theboy(that/whois)standingunderthetreeismybrother.3.状语从句中的省略(1)在时间、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，若谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语与主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。Becarefulwhen

(youare)crossingthestreet.When(thenovelis)published,thenovelwillbecomeoneofthebestsellers.Whenever(itis)

possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.(2)在比较状语从句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。I’mtallerthanshe

(is).Ihatehimasmuchasyou

(hatehim).Shelooksolderthanmymother(does).4.虚拟语气中的省略在if引导的虚拟语气中，如果从句中含有助动词were，had(done)，should，则可省去if，把were，had，should提到从句句首。IfJohnwerehere,hewouldknowwhattodo.＝WereJohnhere,hewouldknowwhattodo.Ifanythinghadhappened,hewouldhaveletherknow.＝Hadanythinghappened,hewouldhaveletherknow.用省略结构改写下列句子1.Isthereanyoneheretowaitonus?→__________________________________________________________2.HeisaprogrammerandIamaprogrammer,too.→__________________________________________________________3.Itsoundsinteresting.→__________________________________________________________4.Iworkinafactoryandmybrotherworksonafarm.→__________________________________________________________Anyoneheretowaitonus?HeisaprogrammerandIam,too.Soundsinteresting.Iworkinafactoryandmybrotheronafarm.5.We’reboundtowinsomeday,butwhenarewetowin?→_______________________________________________________________6.Whoisthemanwhomyouweretalkingto?→_______________________________________________________________7.Whenitisheated,apieceoficewillturnintowater.→_______________________________________________________________8.Althoughhewashard-working,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.→_______________________________________________________________9.Theydon’tusemorewaterthanitisnecessary.→_______________________________________________________________We’reboundtowinsomeday,butwhen?Whoisthemanyouweretalkingto?Whenheated,apieceoficewillturnintowater.Althoughhard-working,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupporthimself.Theydon’tusemorewaterthannecessary.10.Ifshewerehere,shewouldagreetoo.→______________________________________________________________11.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.→______________________________________________________________12.IfThomasEdisonhadstoredhismoney,hewouldhavediedawealthyman.→______________________________________________________________Wereshehere,shewouldagreetoo.Heorderedthatwegooutatonce.HadThomasEdisonstoredhismoney,hewouldhavediedawealthyman.单句语法填空1.—Doyouthinkourteamwillwin?—Idon’tthink____________.2.—Will