新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExploration单元加餐练习题（含解析）新人教版

Unit4SpaceExploration单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解InthefuturewemightlivesomewhereotherthanEarth,likeMars.Somepeopleaskhowthiswillbepossible.Well,Marsisinfactalotthesameastheearth.Thedaysarealmostthesameasthoseontheearth.However,thetwoplanetsvaryintemperature.SincethereismostlycarbondioxideonMars,itwouldbequitedifficultforahumantojustlandonit.So,specialtypesofhomesandspacesuitshavetobedesigned.Thespacesuitsshouldbealmostliketheonesastronautsusenow,andexceptthattheyhavetobewarmersothattheastronautscansurvivethecoldtemperatures.Thespacesuitsmustalsobeabletowithstand(承受)highpressureandpotentiallydangerousradiationthatcankill.Thehousesshouldbesimilartoourhomestodaywithaslightdifference.Allofthehousesandotherbuildingsshouldbebuiltinsidealargedome(圆顶状物)orbubble.Thedomesshouldbemadeoutofglass,andwouldalsobeabletopreventradiationfromaffectingthepeopleinside.Thedomeswillbeconnectedtoamachine(likeplantswhichturncarbondioxideintooxygen)．WithMars'populationgrowing,howwouldthepeopleonitssurfacegetfreshfoodandwater?Justlikehumansusedomes,theycanalsousedomestogrowplants.However,thedomeswheretheplantsaregrownmustbebuilttoexpand.Onceweupgradethedomestoalargersizethenwecangrowmorefoodbycultivating(种植)moreplants.Togetthefoodordomeinconnectionwithotherdomes,therewillbelongnarrowtunnelslikeroadsthatconnecttoeachdomeseparatingthembyseveraldoorssothatthepressureineachdomecanremainthesame.OnMars,somanyotherthingsareavailabletous.Ashumans,wecanhaveaccesstorareandfairlyexpensivemetalsthataren'tveryeasytogetholdofonEarth,andacolonyonMarsenhances(提高)ourchancesoffindingthesemetals.SowhensomeonehereonEarthsaysthatgoingtoMarsisimpossible,pleasetellthemthatthey'llneverknowituntiltheytryandtheymaytryverysoon.Afterallit'sourfuture.WhynotmakeitonMars?本文为说明文。文章介绍了目前人类对火星的探索。1．ItisdifficultforhumanstoliveonMarsbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPT________.A．toomuchradiation B．coldtemperatureC．lackofenoughoxygen D．lackofhouses答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的描述可知，火星上大部分是二氧化碳、天气也极其寒冷、气压很高、还存在可能致命的危险辐射，这些都是人类很难在火星上生活的原因。唯独没有提到“房屋的缺少”的问题。故D选项正确。2．OneofthereasonswhyweareeagertoexploreMarsmaybethat______.A．wecanfindrareandexpensivemetalsthereeasilyB．we'llgettooboredtoliveontheearthinthefutureC．ourtechnologywillbecomemuchadvancedD．wewanttoknowmoreabouttheunknownworld答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Ashumans,wecanhaveaccesstorareandfairlyexpensivemetalsthataren'tveryeasytogetholdofonEarth,andacolonyonMarsenhances(提高)ourchancesoffindingthesemetals.(作为人类，我们可以获得稀有且相当昂贵的金属，而这些金属在地球上并不容易获得，而在火星上的殖民地增加了我们找到这些金属的机会)可知，我们渴望探索火星的原因之一可能是我们可以很容易地在那里找到稀有和昂贵的金属。故A选项正确。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslivingonMars?A．Pessimistic. B．Uncertain.C．Optimistic. D．Opposed.答案：C解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的SowhensomeonehereonEarthsaysthatgoingtoMarsisimpossible,pleasetellthemthatthey'llneverknowituntiltheytryandtheymaytryverysoon.Afterallit'sourfuture.WhynotmakeitonMars?(所以当地球上有人说去火星是不可能的，请告诉他们，他们永远不会知道，直到他们尝试，他们可能很快就会尝试。毕竟这是我们的未来。为什么不在火星上创造呢？)可知，作者对在火星上居住的想法是乐观的。故C选项正确。Ⅱ.七选五Whyplaysports?Youmightsay“togetexercise”andyou'dberight.Tohavefun?That'strue,too.Butthere'smore.__1__AccordingtotheWomen'sSportsFoundation,girlswhoplaysportsgetalotmorethanjustfit.Girlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschool.Youmightthinkthatathleticswilltakeupallyourstudytime.__2__Exerciseimproveslearning,memory,andconcentration,whichcangiveactivegirlsanadvantageintheclassroom.Girlswhoplaysportslearnteamworkandgoal­settingskills.__3__Whenworkingwithcoaches,trainers,andteammatestowingamesandachievegoals,you'relearninghowtobesuccessful.Thoseskillswillserveyouwellatworkandinfamilylife.Sportsaregoodforagirl'shealth.Inadditiontobeingfitandkeepingahealthyweight,girlswhoplaysportsarealsolesslikelytosmoke.Andlaterinlife,girlswhoexercisearelesslikelytogetbreastcancerorosteoporosis(骨质疏松症)．Playingsportsimprovesself­confidence.__4__Why?Itbuildsconfidencewhenyouknowyoucanpractice,improve,andachieveyourgoals.Sportsarealsoafeel­goodactivitybecausetheyhelpgirlsgetinshape,keepahealthyweight,andmakenewfriends.__5__Playingsportscanreducestressandhelpyoufeelalittlehappier.How?Thebrainchemicalsreleasedduringexerciseimproveaperson'smood.Friendsareanothermood­lifter.Andbeinginateamcreatestightbondsbetweenfriends.It'sgoodtoknowyourteammateswillsupportyou—bothonandoffthefield!A．Exercisecutsthepressure.B．Sportsteachvaluablelifeskills.C．Regularexerciseincreasesqualityoflife.D．Infact,thereareatleastfivemorereasons.E．Girlswhoplaysportsfeelbetteraboutthemselves.F．Playingsportsofferschildrenmorethanjustphysicalbenefits.G．Butresearchshowsthatgirlswhoplaysportsdobetterinschoolthanthosewhodon't.本文讲述女孩为什么要进行体育锻炼。体育锻炼益处多多。喜欢运动，身体棒棒，远离疾病。1．D解析：根据上句“但原因有更多”可知D项Infact,thereareatleastfivemorereasons.(事实上至少有五种理由。)符合题意，故选D。2．G解析：根据空格前一句“你可能认为在学校里锻炼会占用学习时间”可知此空要表达的意思是：但研究表明，参加体育运动的女孩在学校比那些不运动的女孩有更优秀的表现。故选G。3．B解析：根据空格下一句“在你和教练、训练导师以及队员一起合作努力赢得比赛和实现目标的过程中，你会学会如何获得成功”可知此空的意思是：体育运动可以教会你宝贵的生活技巧。故选B。4．E解析：根据空格前“运动能够提升自信”。可知此空的意思是：运动的女孩会自我感觉更加良好。故选E。5．A解析：根据空格下一句“运动能减少压力，帮助你更开心”可知此空的意思是：锻炼能减少压力。故选A。Ⅲ.完形填空MacArthur'sloveforsailingdatesbacktowhenshewasjust4yearsold,whenshefirstgottheopportunitytohaveatryonaboat.“Itkindof__1__methatthisboathadeverythingweneededtotakeusanywhereintheworld.Andasachild，thatopenedupeverythingandmademefeelthegreatestsenseof__2__，”sheexplained.Thisexperience__3__apassionwithinMacArthurthatshewantedtosailaroundtheworld.Growingupinthecountryside.shehadnoideahowto__4__it.However,sheknewthatwaswhatshewantedtodoatsomestage.Sosheacquiredknowledgeand__5__foryearstoseekherdreaminsailing.Havingmerelypotatoesandbeanseverydayforeightyears,she__6__couldaffordtherightequipment.Byreachingsuch__7__goalsandaskingtechnicalquestionsabout__8__，MacArthurfeltasthoughshewasgetting__9__toherambition.“Theimpossiblecouldbepossibleand__10__highisnotnecessarilysuchacrazythingtodo.”shesaid.AnditseemsthatMacArthur's__11__tobecomeasailorwentbeyondherexpectations.Attheageof24,shestartedto__12__mediaattentionafterwinningthesecondplaceintheVendeeGlobe,asingle­handednon­stopyacht(帆船)racethatwentaroundtheworld.Fouryearslater,MacArthurchosetosailfor71daysand14hours,__13__morethan26,000miles.Thisledtoherscoringanewrecord.__14__thisrecordhassincebeensurpassed(超过)，MacArthurisstillconsideredasBritain'smostsuccessfuloffshoreracer.Sowhenyouknowwhereyou'regoing,youcanactuallygetthere—evenifitseems__15__！本文为传记类记叙文。4岁时候的一次航海经历点燃了麦克阿瑟想环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。1．A.benefited B．struckC．taught D．treated答案：B解析：考查固定短语搭配。句意：我突然想到，这艘船拥有带我们到世界任何地方所需要的一切。Itstrikes/strucksb.that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到某事”，故选B。2．A.wonder B．magicC．direction D．freedom答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.wonder奇迹；B.magic魔术；C.direction方向；D.freedom自由。这一切让McArthur开阔了眼界，感受到了极大的自由感。故选D。3．A.lighted B．leftC．carried D．invented答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.lighted点燃；B.left离开；C.carried携带；D.invented发明。这次经历点燃了她想环游世界的激情。故选A。4．A.approach B．gainC．achieve D．forget答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.approach接近；B.gain获得；C.achieve达到；D.forget忘记。她想要环游世界，从小长在乡下的她不知道如何做到这一点。故选C。5．A.madeup B．savedupC．turnedup D．pickedup答案：B解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.madeup编造；B.savedup积攒；C.turnedup出现；D.pickedup捡起。她为此获取知识，积蓄了多年。故选B。6．A.eventually B．fortunatelyC．gradually D．definitely答案：A解析：考查副词词义辨析。A.eventually最终；B.fortunately幸运地；C.gradually逐渐地；D.definitely明确地。省吃俭用很多年，她终于买了装备。故选A。7．A.personal B．financialC．final D．academic答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.personal个人的；B.financial经济的；C.final最终；D.academic学术的。八年简朴的生活，只吃豆类和土豆，她终于攒够了钱购买合适的装备。所以是实现了经济性的目标。故选B。8．A.school B．sailingC．driving D．business答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.school上学；B.sailing航海；C.driving开车；D.business生意。这里指做好经济上的和关于航海知识上的储备，McArthur想要航海，所以此处是询问航海技术问题。故选B。9．A.further B．deeperC．closer D．smarter答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.further远离；B.deeper更深；C.closer更近；D.smarter更聪明。麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己的追求越来越近了。故选C。10．A.working B．designingC．meaning D．aiming答案：D解析：考查动名词词义辨析。A.working工作；B.designing设计；C.meaning意味着；D.aiming目标是。句意：不可能的事也可能发生，把目标定得高并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。小时候想要环游世界的梦想对她来说是一件目标很高的事情。故选D。11．A.lesson B．mindC．confidence D．plan答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。A.lesson教训；B.mind主意；C.confidence自信；D.plan计划。麦克阿瑟想成为一名航海员的计划似乎超出了她的预期。故选D。12．A.accept B．receiveC．enjoy D．keep答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.accept接受；B.receive获得；C.enjoy欣赏；D.keep保持。她开始受到媒体的关注，故选B。13．A.including B．reachingC．covering D．floating答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。A.including包括；B.reaching达到；C.covering覆盖；行走(一段路程)；D.floating漂浮。四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14小时，航程超过26000英里。故选C。14．A.After B．WhenC．Whether D．While答案：D解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的海上赛手。故选D。15．A.impossible B．constantC．valuable D．available答案：A解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A.impossible不可能；B.constant经常的；C.valuable有价值的；D.available可获得的。句意：所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你就能到达那里，即使这看起来是不可能的！故选A。Ⅳ.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Althoughsomepeopledon'tlikeusingautomatichanddryersinrestrooms,itmayactuallybearguedthatmotion­sensinghanddryersareapracticalalternativetopapertowels.Ibelievethatourschoolwouldbenefitfrominvestinginautomatichanddryersinalltherestrooms.Firstofall,theautomatichanddryerisverysanitary(卫生的).Insteadofpullingonalever(手柄)touchedbyalargenumberofstudents,userscanjuststicktheirhandsundertheairdryer.Nobacteriacangetonthembecausethereisnothingtotouch.Kidswouldn'tgetsickfromthepapertoweldispensers(纸巾盒)．Inaddition,iftheschoolbuysautomatichanddryers,wecansavemoney.Thereisaterriblewasteofpapertowelsintherestrooms.Studentscontinuouslypullontheleverforunneededtowelsuntilthedispensersareempty.Anautomatichanddryercostsabout$500,withverylittleadditionalcostovertimewhilepapertowelscancost$25acase,orabout$500ayear.Afterjustoneyear,itwouldpayforitself.Finally,ourbathroomisapapertowelmess!Therearealwayspilesofpapertowelsonthefloor.Sometimesthee