湖南省五市十校2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

益阳市箴言中学2018年上学期高一期终考试英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.音频Whatdoesthemanliketodrink?A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Water.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.音频WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSundayafternoons?A.Hegoesshopping.B.Heworksinthegarden.C.Hereadsthenewspaper.【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.音频Whenwillthematchbegin,accordingtotheman?A.At2:30.B.At3:00.C.At4:00.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.音频Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotothemovies.B.Keeponstudying.C.Checkoutsomebooks.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.音频Whoisthegirltalkingto?A.Herdentist.B.Thepolice.C.Avet.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Toaschool.B.Toacarfactory.C.Toabank.7.Howcanthewomangetthere?A.Goalongtheroad,turnleftandgostraight.B.Goalongtheroad,turnrightandgostraight.C.Turnaroundandgoalongtheroad.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【6题详解】略【7题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频8.WhatdidthemandoinMr.Turner’sshoplastweek?A.Heboughtasuit.B.Heorderedasuit.C.Hereturnedasuit.9.Whatwillthemandointheafternoon?A.Gototheshop.B.CallMr.Turner.C.Attendameeting.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【8题详解】略【9题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频10.WhatwillMillie’smotherreceiveforherbirthday?A.Ashirt.B.Askirt.C.Asmallcake.11.Whowillcookthespecialdinner?A.Millie’sfather.B.Millie’sfriend.C.Millie.12.Wherewillthespeakersgothisafternoon?A.Toabakery.B.Toagrocerystore.C.Toagiftshop.【答案】10.B11.C12.B【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【10题详解】略【11题详解】略【12题详解】略听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。音频13.Whatmonthisitnow?A.January.B.February.C.June.14.WherewillLilyspendSpringFestival?A.Inthecitycenter.B.Inherhometown.C.Intheman’shometown.15.WhatdoesLilythinkofthefestival?A.Boring.B.Ordinary.C.Interesting.16.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Brotherandsister.C.Coworkers.【答案】13.A14.C15.C16.A【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【13题详解】略【14题详解】略【15题详解】略【16题详解】略听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。音频17.Whatdayisittoday?A.SundayB.Monday.C.Tuesday.18.Whatshouldpeoplebesuretodotoday?A.Stayinside.B.Wearsunglasses.C.Takeanumbrella.19.Howmuchrainwilletomorrow?A.Onlyalittle.B.Noneatall.C.Quitealot.20.WhatmighttheweatherbelikeonFriday?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Stormy.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.C【解析】此题为听力题，解析略。【17题详解】略【18题详解】略【19题详解】略【20题详解】略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMagazinescanhelpgetkidspsychedaboutreading.Thethrillofflippingthroughafreshmagazinecantotallydriveanewreadertopracticewordsandlearnabouttopicstheymightnotnormallybeexposedto.Foryoungreaderswhowanttobeentertainedandlearnsomethingnew.Hereareourfavoritekidsmagazinesubscription(订阅)picks.1.NationalGeographicKidsNationalGeographicKidsisdesignedforchildrenages6to14.ThemagazineispublishedbytheNationalGeographicSocietyandhasbeeninpublicationsinceSeptember1975.Witheachissue,youngreadersenjoyawiderangeofregularfeaturessuchas“AmazingAnimals”,“WeirdbutTrue”,“CoolInventions”and“GuinnessWorldRecords.”Aoneyearsubscription(10issues)is$15.2.MuseThismagazine,launchedinJanuary1997,featuresninecartooncharactersknownastheMuses.Thearticlesexposekidsages9anduptohistory,scienceandthearts.RegularMusecontentincludesfunfacts,aquestionandanswerpageandfunthemessuchasextraterrestriallife(外星生命),urbanlegendsandpirates.Aoneyearsubscription(nineissues)is$34.3.ChopChopThisisanawardwinning,nonprofitquarterlymagazineforkidsages5to12.ChopChopisfilledwithgreatrecipes,interactivegamesandeducationalfoodfactsandisintendedtoinspireandteachkidstocookrealfoodwiththeirfamilies.ChopChopreceivedthe2017ParentsChoiceGoldAwardandwasnamedtheJamesBeard2015PublicationoftheYear.Aoneyearsubscription(fourissues)is$15.4.HighlightsWhodoesn’trememberreadingHighlightsmagazinewhetherathomeoratthedentist’soffice?Every40pageissuehelpschildrenexploreexcitingnewtopics,investigatecoolsubjectsandlearnaboutourwonderfulworld.Highlightsisidealforages6to12andfeaturesstories,puzzles,games,riddles,scienceexperimentsandcraftprojects.HighFive,thepreschoolversionofHighlights,isintendedforlittleonesages2to6.Aoneyearsubscription(12issues)is$40.21.Howmuchisatwoyearsubscriptiontoamagazinelaunchedin1975?A.$68.B.$34.C.$40.D.$30.22.WhatisspecialaboutChopChop?A.Ithasahistoryof42years.B.Ithasninecartooncharacters.C.Itishelpfulforkidstolearntocook.D.Itincludesaquestionandanswerpage.23.WhattopicdoMuseandHighlightshaveinmon?A.Science.B.Craftprojects.C.Riddles.D.Animals.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】本文是一则广告，属于应用文，介绍了四本少儿杂志以及这些杂志各自的特色。【21题详解】NationalGeographicKids。再根据本段最后一句Aoneyearsubscription(10issues)is$15.可知这份杂志订阅1年需要15美元，题干要求订阅两年，共30美元。故D项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句ChopChopisfilledwithgreatrecipes,interactivegamesandeducationalfoodfactsandisintendedtoinspireandteachkidstocookrealfoodwiththeirfamilies可知ChopChop中含有很多菜谱和游戏方面的内容，同时这份杂志还还鼓励孩子和家人烹饪菜肴。故C项正确。【23题详解】HighlightsMuse和Highlights中都有科技方面的内容。故A项正确。BInmanypartsoftheworld,therearefourseasons:spring,summer,fallandwinter.IntheU.S.,thereareonlythree:football,basketballandbaseball.Ifyouwanttoknowwhatseasonitis,justhavealookatwhatpeopleareplaying.FormanypeopleintheU.S.,sportsarenotjustforfun.They’realmostareligion.Thousandsofsportsfansbuyexpensiveticketstowatchtheirfavouriteteamsandathletesplayinperson.Otherfanswatchthegamesathome.Themostdevotedsportsbuffsnevermissagame.Manyawifebeesa“sportswidow(寡妇)”duringherhusband’sfavoriteseason.America’sdevotiontoathleticshascreatedanewclassofwealthypeople:professionalathletes.Sportsstarsoftenreceivemilliondollarsalaries.Someevenmakebigmoneyappearinginadvertisementsforsoftdrinks,shoesandeventoiletries(化妆品).SportsareanimportantpartofAmericans’culture.Throughouttheirschoollife,Americanslearntoplaymanysports.Allstudentstakephysicaleducationclassesinschool.Sometryoutfortheschoolteams,whileothersjoinschoolsportsleagues.Athleticeventsatuniversitiesattractscoresoffansandbenefitthewholemunity.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“buffs”(inParagraph2)mean?A.athletesB.fansC.clubsD.teams25.Bysaying“sportswidow”,thewritermeans.A.someAmericanmenlovesportsmoredeeplythantheirwivesB.someAmericanmenoftenquarrelwiththeirwivesduringtheirfavouriteseasonC.someAmericanmencanhardlyfindtimetobewiththeirwivesduringtheirfavouriteseasonD.somesportsstarts’wivesarelefthomealoneduringtheirfavouriteseason26.Ingeneral,professionalathletesinAmerica.A.arewellpaidB.oftenappearinadvertisementsC.liveabusylifeD.makebigmoneybysellingproductssuchassoftdrinksandshoes27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SportsseasonsinAmericaB.AmericansportsfansC.Americans’sportscultureD.SportsinAmerica【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.D【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国的体育运动，美国人非常喜欢运动，运动对美国社会也有一定的影响，文章中还提及了职业运动员以及球迷“寡妇”等相关情况。【24题详解】猜测词义题。根据本句“Themostdevotedsportsbuffsnevermissagame.”的谓语动词部分“nevermissagame从未错过一场比赛”以及后句“Manyawifebeesa“sportswidow(寡妇)”duringherhusband’sfavoriteseason.”可知本句介绍了极端球迷对运动的喜爱。故划线词意为“fans”。故B项正确。【25题详解】推理判断题。本文第二段主要介绍了极端球迷对运动的喜爱，当这些“寡妇”的丈夫所喜爱的运动项目的赛季开始的时候，这些球迷丈夫迷恋于比赛中，几乎没有时间陪伴妻子。所以才会出现球迷“寡妇”的社会现象。故C项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段后两句oftenreceivemilliondollarsalaries.Someevenmakebigmoneyappearinginadvertisementsforsoftdrinks,shoesandeventoiletries可知职业运动员可以获得很高的薪水，有些运动员也可以从广告里挣很多钱。总之职业运动员的报酬很丰厚。故A项正确。【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了美国的体育运动，美国人非常喜欢运动，运动对美国社会也有一定的影响，文章中还提及了职业运动员以及球迷“寡妇”等相关情况。ABC三项都属于D项的范围，故D项正确。【点睛】本文考查了主旨大意题，作者在ABC三项中设置了比较强的干扰项来迷惑考生。干扰项使得考生不知不觉落入陷阱，导致失分。所以了解一些干扰性的设置技巧会提高我们的解题准确率。1.张冠李戴：要起到干扰的效果，出题专家常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况，考生可能只看到了文中出现过的字词，却没有注意到选项是否针对提出的问题作出回答，是否符合题目的要求，造成误选。2.偷梁换柱：设计阅读理解题的选项时，命题者还可能在干扰项中保留原文的很多词句，给考生一种错觉，选项与原文意思差不多，但实际上内容有所改动，产生了不一样，甚至相反的意思。3.断章取义：指干扰项去掉原文信息中的某个或某些重要组成部分，导致剩下的信息不完整，歪曲原文的意思。4.以偏概全：阅读过程中，我们可能会发现文章中提到几点，在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况，这种干扰项的特点是以偏概全，以部分代替整体。这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。CThesharingeconomyhasgrowninrecentyearstoincludeeverythingfromapartmentsharingtocarsharingtomunitytoolsharing.Since2009,anewformofthesharingeconomyhasbeenemerginginneighborhoodsthroughouttheUSandaroundtheworld—LittleFreeLibraries.Thelibrariesareboxesputinneighborhoodsfromwhichlocalpeoplecantakeoutandputinbooks.LittleFreeLibrarieseinallshapesandsizes.Somelibrariesalsohavethemes,focusingonbooksforchildren,adultsortourguides.In2009,TodBolbuiltthefirstLittleFreeLibraryintheMississippiRivertownofHudson,Wisconsin,tohonorhismother,wholovedreading.Whenhesawthepeopleofhismunitygatheringaroundit,exchangingconversationaswellasbooks,heknewhewantedtotakehissimpleideafurther.“Wehaveanaturalsenseofwantingtobeconnected,buttherearesomanythingsthatpushusapart,"BoltoldTheAtlantic.Sincethen,hisideahasbeeamovement,spreadingfromstatetostateandcountrytocountry.Accordingto,therearenow18,000ofthelittleboxesaroundtheworld,foundineachofthe50USstatesand70countriesinEurope,AfricaandAsia.TheInternethashelpedtospreadLittleFreeLibraries.ButanAtlanticarticlesaidthattheyaresomethingdifferentinaworldofereaderdownloads.Thelittlewoodenboxesarerefreshinglyphysicalandhuman.Whenyouopenthedoorofthebox,chanceandyourneighborstastesdeterminewhatyou'llfind.Youmightfindagraphicnovel,acookbookoratourguidebook.Formanypeople,thissenseofdiscoveryisLittleFreeLibraries’mainappeal."Agirlwalkinghomefromschoolmightpickupagraphicnovelthatgetsherexcitedaboutreading;amanonhiswaytothebusstopmightfindabookofpoetrythatchangeshisviewonlife,”saidTheAtlanticarticle."Everybookisapotentialsourceofinspiration.”28.WhatcanweknowaboutLittleFreeLibraries?A.Whenyoutakeabook,youneedtoputanotherback.B.Somelibrarieshavespecificthemes.C.Thebooksinithavetobethesamesize.D.Mostofthebooksaredonatedbylocallibraries.29.WhydidTodBolwanttobuildmoreLittleFreeLibraries?A.Hewantedtohonorhismother.B.Hewantedtobuildupasenseofmunity.C.Helongedtopromotehisideaworldwide.D.Hewasinspiredbythesharingeconomy.30.LittleFreeLibrariesappealtomanypeoplemainlybecause_____.A.thebooksaremoreabouthumansB.theycansatisfyvarioustastesC.theyprovidechancestomakesurprisingdiscoveriesD.thebooksarefreetotakeoutandputin31.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto.A.tellusaboutanewformofthesharingeconomyB.encourageustoreadmorebooksC.introduceafamouslibrarytousD.giveadviceonhowtobuildlibraries【答案】28.B29.B30.C31.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章第一段提及世界上的共享项目越来越多，在第二段中提及了共享图书的项目“LittleFreeLibraries”，文章其余部分详细介绍了这一项目的具体内容。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Somelibrariesalsohavethemes,focusingonbooksforchildren,adultsortourguides.可知有些“LittleFreeLibraries”有特别的主题。故B项正确。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句Whenhesawthepeopleofhismunitygatheringaroundit,exchangingconversationaswellasbooks,heknewhewantedtotakehissimpleideafurther.和第四段“Wehaveanaturalsenseofwantingtobeconnected,buttherearesomanythingsthatpushusapart,"BoltoldTheAtlantic.可知TodBol看到社区里的人聚在一起交流信息的时候，他想他要做一些事情把这些人联系在一起。于是他创办了“LittleFreeLibraries”，希望用“LittleFreeLibraries”把社区里的人联系在一起，产生一种归属感。故B项正确。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句Formanypeople,thissenseofdiscoveryisLittleFreeLibraries’mainappeal.可知让人们产生发现的快乐是LittleFreeLibraries吸引人的原因所在。故C项正确。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段提及世界上的共享项目越来越多，在第二段中提及了共享图书的项目“LittleFreeLibraries”，文章其余部分详细介绍了这一项目的具体内容。所以本文主要是为了介绍“LittleFreeLibraries”这一共享项目。故A项正确。DResearchersattheUniversityofChicagohavetrainedanartificialintelligence(人工智能)system,towritefake(伪造的)reviews(评论)onYelp,awebsiteshowingcustomersreviewsonshoppingorsomethingelse,andit'sprettyhardtotellthemapartfromahumanreview.Theirstudy,whichwillbepresentedattheACMConferenceonputerandmunicationsSecurityinOctober,aimedtothrowattentionontohoweasilythesesystemscanwritereviewslikehumansandhowdamagingtheycanbeeifthey’renotmonitoredproperly.Sincemanysmallbusinessesrelyononlinereviewstohelpgrowandkeeptheirreputation,afuturewheresomeone—likearivalorangrycustomer—couldcrazilyfilltheirpagewithnegativereviewswrittenbyamachineisprettyworrying.And,accordingtotheresearchteam,thethreatgoesfarbeyondabunchoffakereviewsonYelp.“Ingeneralthethreatisbigger,”BenY.Zhao.oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said.“Ithinkthethreattowardssocietyislargeanditreallymisleadsusersandshakesourbeliefinwhatisrealandwhatisnot.Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeevenunimaginable.”Totesthowbelievablethesereviewscameacross,theresearchersinvited40volunteersandhadAIgeneratefivefakereviewsfor40actualrestaurants.Thevolunteerswereaskedhowusefultheythoughtthereviewwasandwhetherornottheythoughtitwasfake.TheAIreviewsrankedas“effectivelyindistinguishable”fromrealreviews，accordingtothestudy.Further,thefakereviewsweregivena3.15"usefulness"rating,paredtoa3.28ratingforhumanreviews.32.Whatcanthenewartificialintelligencesystemdoaccordingtothepassage？A.Itcanhelptrainnewreviewers.B.Itcantelltherealreviewsfromthefakeones.C.Itcanwritehumanlikereviews.D.Itcaneasilydamagethebusinesses.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"rival''meaninthepassage?A.Apersonwhorespectsyoudeeply.B.Apersonwhopeteswithyou.C.Apersonwholovestogivefakereviews.D.Apersonwhocancontrolyoufromdistance.34.WhatcanweinferfromBenY.Zhao'sremarks?A.Artificialintelligencecanputthesocietyindanger.B.TheartificialintelligenceisonlyusedbytheresearchersC.BenY.Zhaoisoptimisticaboutthefurtherdevelopmentofartificialintelligence.D.Theartificialintelligencewillhelppeopleshake.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TipsSuggestionsonGivingReviews.B.HowtoTelltheFakeReviews.C.DevelopmentofAIinReviewonYelp.D.AIisingtoStealYourReviews.【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【分析】本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一句ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagohavetrainedanartificialintelligence(人工智能)system,towritefake(伪造的)reviews(评论)onYelp可知这一人工智能系统可以在Yelp上写伪造的评论。故C项正确。【33题详解】猜测词义题。根据本句后半句“couldcrazilyfilltheirpagewithnegativereviewswrittenbyamachineisprettyworrying.”用负面评论占领对方网页的只有“敌人”或者“对手”才会这样做。故B项正确。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Ingeneralthethreatisbigger,”BenY.Zhao.oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said.“Ithinkthethreattowardssocietyislargeanditreallymisleadsusersandshakesourbeliefinwhatisrealandwhatisnot.可知BenY.Zhao认为人工智能会给我们带来很大的威胁，并且可能破坏社会。故A项正确。【35题详解】主旨大意题。本文介绍了芝加哥大学的研究人员运用人工智能在评论网站上写虚假评论，以此引起对人工智能给我们的社会带来的影响的讨论。D项可以很好的抓住读者的兴趣，可以作为本文的题目。AB两项与文章主要内容无关，C项过于片面。【点睛】本文考查主旨大意题中的标题类题，对于此类题型，我们可以运用“假定标题写作法”；这是一种逆向思维的方法。这种方法就是先设定某一个选项为正确的文章标题，那么，按照这个标题文章通常应该怎么写、写什么呢？根据标题里的核心词，我们可以在头脑里大致确定一下文章的结构和内容，如果二者与阅读短文基本相同，就可以判断该项正确；如果与短文大相径庭，就可以判断该项不对。使用这种方法的关键是找出标题中的核心词。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chopsticks1.Whenchopstickswereinvented?Infact,beforetheinventionofchopsticks,Chineseancestorsactuallyusedhandstoeat,buthowdidtheyeatsoupandporridge?____36____Chinesestartedtousechopsticksabout3,000yearsagoinShangDynasty.2.Whoinventedchopsticks?Therecordsofusingchopstickshavebeenfoundinmanywrittenbooksbutlackphysicalevidence.Howevermanystoriesareabouttheinventionofchopsticks.OnesaysthatJiangZiya,anancientwiseman,createdchopsticks.____37____Butthereisnoexacthistoryrecordabouttheinvention.WecanonlysaythatsmartancientChineseinventedchopsticks.3.HowtouseChinesechopsticks.Usingtwoslimstickstopickupfoodisactuallynotdifficult.Youcandoitifyoupracticeitforsometime,evenifyouareaforeigner.Thekeytomanagingchopsticksiskeepingonechopstickinpositionwhilemovingtheothertopickupfood.___38___4.ChopsticksMannersChopsticksareusuallyheldintherighthand,andlefthandedchopstickuseisconsideredasimproperinChina.Playingwithchopsticksisthoughttobeimpolite.___39___5.ThephilosophyofChinesechopsticksChinesephilosopherConfuciusadvisedpeopletousechopsticksinsteadofknivesbecausethemetalknivesremindpeopleofcoldweapons,whichmeankillingandviolence.6.AchopsticksthemedmuseumcanbefoundinShanghaiIfyouaretrulyinterestedinchopsticks,youcanpayavisittotheShanghaiChopsticksMuseum.Themuseumgatheredmorethan1,200pairsofchopsticksfromChina,Korea,JapanandThailand.___40___A.Chopstickswereintroducedtomanyotherneighborcountriesduetoitslightnessandconvenience.B.Itisconsideredtobepoliteandthoughtfultopickupfoodfortheelderlyandchildren.C.BamboochopsticksaremostfrequentlyusedinChinesedailylife.D.TheoldestonewasfromtheTangDynasty.E.Therealsogoaroundsomeotherstories.F.Remembertopracticewithpatience.G.Theyhadtousestickstoeatthem.【答案】36.G37.E38.F39.B40.D【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，详细介绍了与筷子相关的历史知识、礼仪、哲理以及上海的筷子博物馆等信息。【36题详解】G横线前句Chineseancestorsactuallyusedhandstoeat,buthowdidtheyeatsoupandporridge?告诉我们中国人之前用手吃饭，但他们怎么喝汤和粥呢？人们不得不使用木棍帮助自己吃这样的流食。故G项“Theyhadtousestickstoeatthem.”符合语境。【37题详解】E本段介绍筷子是由谁发明的。横线前句OnesaysthatJiangZiya,anancientwiseman,createdchopsticks.告诉我们：有人说筷子是姜子牙发明的。横线后句“Butthereisnoexacthistoryrecordabouttheinvention.”告诉我们这些说法都没有准确的历史记录。所以E项“Therealsogoaroundsomeotherstories.还有另外的故事”告诉我们“还有其他发明筷子的故事”与本段中心思想一致。【38题详解】F本段的话题是：如何使用筷子？根据第二句Youcandoitifyoupracticeitforsometime,evenifyouareaforeigner.可知只有通过不断的练习才可以熟练地使用筷子。故F项“Remembertopracticewithpatience.要耐心练习”符合上下文语境。【39题详解】B本段的话题是关于使用筷子的礼仪。选项中只有B项“Itisconsideredtobepoliteandthoughtfultopickupfoodfortheelderlyandchildren.用筷子给老人捡食物是很有礼貌的”与使用筷子的礼仪相关。故B项正确。【40题详解】D本段介绍了上海的筷子博物馆的信息。横线前句“Themuseumgatheredmorethan1,200pairsofchopsticksfromChina,Korea,JapanandThailand.”告诉我们这个博物馆里收集了来自中国、韩国、日本和泰国的很多筷子。D项“TheoldestonewasfromtheTangDynasty.最古老的筷子来自唐朝”与本段主题一致。考点：考查说明文阅读第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jason,ourson,wasbornwithcerebralpalsy（脑瘫）.MywifeandIoftenfortedhimashefacedmany___41___inhisearlyyears.Itwas___42___toseehimregularlychosenlastforbaseball,buthismost___43___timecamewhenhebeganhighschool.Oneafternoon,Jasonreturnedhomein___44___andshouted:“I’mnevergoingtoschoolagain!”Hewas___45___withfoodthatotherkidshad___46___himontheschoolbusonthewayhome.Jasonlatertolduswhathad___47___.Afewdaysearlier,Jasonhad___48___upfortheschoolrunningteam.Thatday,afewolderstudentsmade___49___ofhisperformanceonthetrackandmadehimthetargetoftheironesidedfoodfight.Icalledtheheadmasteraboutthe____50____,anditneverhappenedagain.Oneday,astheotherkidsexercisedinthegym,they____51____onelonelyrunnerJasonjoggingaroundthesnowcoveredtrack.Jasononcesaidtome,“Dad,Iwasreadyforthe____52____.”Headdedthateachmonth,eachstudent___53___an“athleteofthemonth”andvotedforthe____54____.Jason’snamehadneverbeen____55____.Butthatday,onestudentsaid:“Sir,Iwouldliketonominate(提名)Jasonfortheathleteofthemonth.”Thecoachlooked____56____.“Heworksharderthananyofus,Sir,”thestudentcontinued.Tears____57____inJason’seyesaseveryoneintheclassputtheirhandsup.We,alsointears,lookedonashe____58____showedhiscertificate.WheneverIdespair,Ithinkofthisstory.I____59____myselfthatchallengesarenotovereby____60____,butbypatience,determination,andfaith.41.A.challengesB.choicesC.changesD.chances42.A.hopefulB.considerateC.convenientD.heartbreaking43.A.specialB.fortableC.separateD.difficult44.A.ruinsB.tearsC.shockD.surprise45.A.coveredB.followedC.attachedD.filled46.A.rolleddownB.pushedagainstC.thrownatD.droppedout47.A.recordedB.deservedC.happenedD.promised48.A.stayedB.signedC.pulledD.hung49.A.mentsB.useC.mistakesD.fun50.A.processB.operationC.situationD.movement51.A.admiredB.watchedC.noticedD.realized52.A.bestB.worstC.mostD.least53.A.hopedB.agreedC.meantD.chose54.A.winnerB.rulerC.advisorD.fighter55.A.acceptedB.listedC.attendedD.organized56.A.surprisedB.delightedC.movedD.frightened57.A.dividedB.explodedC.changedD.formed58.A.warmlyB.proudlyC.kindlyD.seriously59.A.blameB.warnC.remindD.inform60.A.forceB.constructionC.discussionD.appearance【答案】41.A42.D43.D44.B45.A46.C47.C48.B49.D50.C51.C52.B53.D54.A55.B56.A57.D58.B59.C60.A【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文，Jason天生脑瘫，在现实生活中必然会遇见很多挑战和困难；进入高中以后，他参加了学校的田径队，通过自己的努力获得了大家的认可。这个故事告诉我们：困难并不是通过武力克服，而是通过耐心决心和信念来战胜它。【41题详解】考查名词辨析。A.challenges挑战；B.choices选择；C.changes改变；D.chances机会；Jason天生脑瘫，在现实生活中必然会遇见很多挑战和困难，我和丈夫经常安慰他。故A正确。【42题详解】考查上下文串联。A.hopeful有希望的；B.considerate考虑周到的，体贴的；C.convenient方便的；D.heartbreaking心碎的；听到Jason在学校被其他孩子欺负歧视的时候，父母亲会非常难受，所以使用D项表示父母亲悲伤的心情。故D项正确。【43题详解】考查形容词辨析。A.special特别的；B.fortable舒服的；C.separate分开的，单独的；D.difficult困难的；由下文叙述可知Jason读高中以后，遇见了人生中最大的困难。也就是说高中是他人生中最艰难的时间。故D项正确。【44题详解】考查上下文串联。介词短语intears流泪。根据下文可知其他同学把食物扔在Jason的身上，Jason感觉被欺负而流泪。故B项正确。【45题详解】考查动词辨析。A.covered覆盖；B.followed跟随，采纳；C.attached依附，附着；D.filled充满；短语becoveredwith覆盖着…；Jason的身上盖满了其他孩子朝他扔的食物，这让他非常难过。故A项正确。【46题详解】考查动词短语。A.rolleddown滚动；B.pushedagainst推压；推撞；C.thrownat朝…扔…；D.droppedout辍学；Jason的身上盖满了其他孩子朝他扔的食物，这让他非常难过。其余三项与句意不符。故C项正确。【47题详解】考查动词辨析。A.recorded记录；B.deserved应得；C.happened发生；D.promised承诺，允诺；句意：后来Jason把发生的事情告诉了我们。故C项正确。【48题详解】考查固定短语。短语signupfor报名参加…；通常表示参加某个组织或活动；本句表示Jason报名参加学校的田径队。故B项正确。【49题详解】考查固定短语。短语makefunof取笑…；嘲笑…；因为Jason患有脑瘫，他在田径队的表现不好，被其他队员嘲笑。故D项正确。【50题详解】考查名词辨析。A.process过程，程序；B.operation手术；C.situation情景，情况；D.movement运动；Jason在学校里被其他学生欺负，我找到校长并把Jason的情况告诉了他，这是父母在孩子受到欺凌时的正常做法。故C项正确。【51题详解】考查动词辨析。A.admired钦佩，羡慕；B.watched观看；C.noticed注意到；D.realized意识到；当其他孩子在体育馆里训练的时候，他们注意到孤独的Jason独自一人在大雪覆盖的田径场上慢跑。Watch表示长时间注视某物，并无此意。故C项正确。【52题详解】考查上下文串联。根据上文可知因为患病，他在田径队中的表现很差，经常被别人欺负，所以他已经做好准备做最差的。故B项正确。【53题详解】考查动词辨析。A.hoped希望；B.agreed同意；C.meant意味着；D.chose选择；田径队里每个月都要选一个表现最佳的成员并授予“月最佳队员”的称号。故D项正确。【54题详解】考查名词辨析。A.winner胜利者；B.ruler统治者；C.advisor顾问；D.fighter战士；田径队提名“月最佳队员”，然后投票选出最终的胜利者。故A项正确。【55题详解】考查动词辨析。A.accepted接受；B.listed列出；C.attended参加；D.organized组织；田径队每个月都选择月最佳，可Jason的名字从来都没有被列在名单里。故B项正确。【56题详解】考查上下文串联。根据上文可知他在田径队中的表现很差，经常被别人欺负。所以当有队员选择Jason做月最佳队员的时候，教练非常惊讶。故A项正确。【57题详解】考查动词辨析。A.divided分开；B.exploded爆炸，爆发；C.changed改变；D.formed形成；那位同学给出提名Jason的理由是他一直很努力，让Jason哭了起来。动词form表示眼泪形成。故D项正确。【58题详解】考查上下文串联。A.warmly温暖地；B.proudly自豪地；C.kindly善意地；D.seriously严肃地，认真地；Jason在田径队中的表现很差，但是他通过自己的努力成为了月最佳队员，让他感觉非常自豪。故B项正确。【59题详解】考查动词辨析。A.blame责备；B.warn警告；C.remind提醒，使…想起…；D.inform通知；以后每当我绝望的时候，我都想起这个故事，这个故事让我想起困难并不是通过武力克服，而是通过耐心决心和信念。故C项正确。【60题详解】考查名词辨析。A.force武力，暴力；B.construction建筑；建设；C.discussion讨论；D.appearance出现，外貌；这个故事让我想起困难并不是通过武力克服，而是通过耐心决心和信念。故A项正确。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyfouryears,millionsofpeoplegatherinsummer___61___(watch)soccergamesandcheerfortheirfavoriteteamsandplayers.Thisyear,theWorldCupkickedoffonJune14inRussia.Leadinguptothemostexcitingsportingeventofsummer,LiveItUp,theofficialWorldCupsong,wasreleasedonMay25*___62___(perform)byUSartistNickyJam,USactorandsingerWillSmith,andAlbaniansingerEraIstref,thesonghasalinethatgoes,"Onelife,liveitup,'causewegotonelife."Withagreatmelodyandcatchylyrics,thesongstandsfor"the___63___(excite),thecelebrationandtheunity___64___peopleallovertheworldwillshareduringthe2018WorldCup",PhilippeLeFloc'h,chiefmercialofficerofFIFAtoldFIFA.Infact,eversincethefirstofficialWorldCupsongcameoutin1966fortheEnglandWorldCup,therelationshipbetweensoccerandmusic____65____(grow)strongerandstronger.AsTheWallStreetJournalputit,"Listeningtomotivationalmusic___66___(encourage)peopletotakemorerisks."Oneoftheworld'sgreatestsoccer___67___(coach),GiovanniTrapattoni,evenbelievesthatlisteningtomusiccanteachplayersgreatlessons."Youlearnalotaboutintervals,speed,rhythm.___68___learnthelogicalskillsyouneedtoreadagame,"hetoldFIFA.Indeed,therightmusiccanmakeallthedifference.AsColombianmusicianJuanestoldFIFA,soccerandmusichavealot___69___mon."Youthrowyourselfintoit,anditmovessomethingwithinpeople.Youneedyourfeetforsoccerandyouneedwordsformusic,buttheyarouseoneand___70___samethingpassion,"hesaid.【答案】61.towatch62.Performed63.excitement64.that/which65.hasgrown66.encourages67.coaches68.You69.in70.the【解析】【分析】本文通过俄罗斯世界杯的主题歌导入主题，主要介绍了音乐在足球场上的作用以及音乐和足球的共同点。【61题详解】考查不定式做状语。本句中不定式towatch…在句中做目的状语，解释人们聚集在一起的目的。句意：每四年，成千上万的人在夏天会聚集在一起观看足球赛并为自己喜欢的球队和球员欢呼。【62题详解】考查过去分词做定语。本句中名词theofficialWorldCupsong与动词perform构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语performedbyUSartistNickyJam,US