北京市东城五中新高考英语全真模拟密押卷及答案解析

北京市东城五中新高考英语全真模拟密押卷注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分必须用2B铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Inthisarticle,youneedtobackupgeneralstatementswith________examples.A．specific B．permanentC．abstract D．universal2．Itwasn’tuntilthen_______theirmarriagewasbreakingupbecausetheyhadlittleincommon.A.didIrealize B.thatIrealizedC.hadIrealize D.whenIrealized3．Asisknown,onlyhardleadstohappiness.A．workB．worksC．workedD．working4．Checkyourpapercarefullytosee________youhavemadeanymistakes.A．what B．which C．whether D．that5．________aboutthemanwearingsunglassesduringnightthathewasdeterminedtofollowhim.A．SocuriousthedetectivewasB．SocuriouswasthedetectiveC．HowcuriouswasthedetectiveD．Howcuriousthedetectivewas6．Theshockingnewsmademerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A．what B．howC．that D．why7．Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildren’sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotinway.A．a;不填 B．the;theC．不填;the D．a;the8．Privatecarswillberequiredtostayoffroadsoneoutoffiveweekdays____thetrafficpressure.A．toreduce B．reducing C．reduced D．reduce9．—Hello,Paul,doyouliketojoinusinplayingfootball?Weneedonemorepersonto____ateam.—Yes,I’dliketo.A．pickup B．pickout C．makeup D．makeout10．Membershipofthisclubisopentothosewhoareitsaim.A．insalutetoB．inhonourofC．inlinewithD．insympathywith11．IwishI________herthenewsandthenshewouldn’tbeworriednow.A．don’ttell B．didn’ttellC．haven’ttold D．hadn’ttold12．Wecancommunicate________peopleineverypartoftheworld________theInternet.A．with；with B．with；throughC．through；through D．through；with13．—Whatdoyoudo,Rita？—I’maclerkinaforeigncompanynow．ButI_____Englishinahighschoolfor10years．A．teach B．havetaughtC．taught D．amteaching14．Westronglyadviseyou______eatingyourmealsolate.It’snothealthy.A．on B．against C．from D．over15．—Whatapity!Youmissedmybirthdayparty.—Terriblysorry!___________myunclenotvisitedmeunexpectedly.A．Should B．WouldC．Had D．Did16．---Thepricesofvegetablesaregoingupmadly.It’sreallytoomuchforus.---Butforthesituationwheremanyvegetableproducingareas_____constantlowtemperature,thingswouldnotbelikethis.A．meetwith B．havemetwithC．metwith D．hadmetwith17．WeallChinesepeoplearecalledontolearnfromLeiFeng,_______wethinksetagoodexampletoallofus.A．whose B．whoC．that D．whom18．—Whatdoyouthinkofthenewly-releasedfilmCapernaum?—Ittouchedmyheartdeeply.ButforyourrecommendationI_________it.A．hadmissed B．wouldmiss C．wouldhavemissed D．musthavemissed19．IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A．That B．Which C．Whether D．What20．Thegoal,whichtheyareunlikelytolivetosee,isto“cure,preventormanagealldiseases”inthenext80orsoyears.A．accomplish B．accomplishedC．accomplishing D．beingaccomplished第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Sciencetextbooksaroundtheworldhavebecomesuddenlyoutofdate.Fournewchemicalelements(元素)havebeenaddedtotheperiodictable.Abigdecisionnowliesahead-elements113,115,117and118needtobegiventheirofficialnamesandsymbols.Newelementscanbenamedafteramythical(神话的)concept,amineral,aplaceorcountry,aproperty(性质)orascientist.Thenameshavetobeuniqueandmaintain＂historicalandchemicalconsistency＂.Thismeansalotof＂-iums＂.＂They’reLatinisingthename,＂explainschemistAndreaSella.＂Themostrecenttraditionistonamethemafterplacesorpeople.＂Theplaceschosentendtobewheretheelementwasdiscoveredorfirstproduced.Noonehasyetnamedanelementafterthemselvesbutmanyelementsarenamedinhonourofimportantscientists.AlbertEinsteinwasgiveneinsteinium.Thiscanalsobeawayofrightingthewrongsofthepast.＂LiseMeitnerwasreallythechemistwhospottednuclearfission(核裂变)butshewasneverreallyrecognisedforitbecauseshewasJewishandawoman,＂saysSella.＂Givinganelementanamethatremindsusofherisgreatlyimportant.＂Thenamingprocessisn’tquick.Thescientistswhodiscoveredthemwillstartthingsoffbysuggestinganame.ButitwillbedowntotheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC)toapproveit.AspecialdivisionoftheUS-basedgrouphastoacceptthesuggestion.ThenthereisapublicreviewperiodoffivemonthsbeforetheIUPACgetsthefinalapproval.Onceit’sready,thenameisannouncedinthescientificjournalPureandAppliedChemistry.Naminganelementisnotjustaboutfunctionality.Namesarealwaysimportant.1、WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Topresentafinding.C．Topointoutaproblem.D．Tocallforadecision,2、WhywasLiseMeitnermentionedinthenamingprocessinParagraph4?A．Topraiseher.B．Tobuildherreputation.C．Tocorrectthewrongsofthepast.D．Toendracialdiscrimination3、Whohasthefinalsayinthenamingprocessofanelement?A．Thescientistwhodiscoveredthem.B．ThespecialdivisionofUS-basedgroup.C．ThescientificjournalPureandAppliedChemistry,D．TheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry.4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howelementsgettheirnames.B．Whysciencetextbooksareoutofdate.C．Hownewelementsarediscovered.D．Howfunctionalnaminganelementis.22．（8分）Your2018ReadingList,ProvidedbyBillGatesMostofuscan’tlivelikebillionaireMicrosoftco-founderBillGates,butwecanreadlikehim.Gatesrecommendedfourbooksin2018—thoughsomewerepublishedearlier.LeonardodaVinci,byWalterIsaacson(2017)ThebestsellingbiographerofSteveJobsandAlbertEinsteinresearcheddeeplyintodaVinci’scontributionsbeyondart,highlightingthebreadthofhisscientific,technological,andcreativeoutput.“Leonardonearlyunderstoodalmostallofwhatwasknownontheplanetatthetime.That’smostlybecauseofhiscuriosityabouteveryareaofnaturalscienceandthehumanexperience,”saidGates.TheBestWeCouldDo:AnIllustratedMemoir,byThiBui(2017)Gatescallsthisgraphicnovel“reallyimpressive”.BuiisthedaughterofVietnameserefugeeswhocametoAmericaafterthefallofSaigon,andbecomingaparentinspiredhertolookintoherownparents’miserablehistory.“IwasstruckbyhowtheexperiencesBuiillustratesmanagetobebothuniversalandspecifictotheircircumstances,”saidGates.LincolnintheBardo,byGeorgeSaunders(2018)Saunders,along-timeshortstorywriter,wonhighpraiseforthisnovel.Thebookimaginestheghoststhathaunt(萦绕)thebasementofWillieLincoln,AbrahamLincoln’sson,whodiedat11inreallife.“Willie’sdeathaftertheCivilWarmadethepresidenthaveanewunderstandingofthegriefhe’screatinginotherfamiliesbysendingtheirsonsofftodieinbattle,”saidGates.OriginStory:ABigHistoryofEverything,byDavidChristian(2018)ThisnewbookisbythecreatorofBigHistory,afree,onlinesocialstudiescourse.Ittraceshistoryinwide,sweepingmovements,startingwiththeBigBang,anditprovides,ineffect,ashortcourseinmodernscience.Thisisabriefhistoryoftheuniverse.“DavidgetsalittlestuckonthecurrenteconomicandpoliticalproblemsintheWest,andIwishhetalkedmoreabouttheroleinnovationwillplayinpreventingtheworsteffectsofclimatechange,”saidGates.1、Whichbooksrefertothefieldofscience?A．OriginStoryandLeonardodaVinci.B．LincolnintheBardoandOriginStory.C．LeonardodaVinciandTheBestWeCouldDo.D．TheBestWeCouldDoandLincolnintheBardo.2、Ifyouareinterestedinthrillers,whosebookwillyoumostprobablychoose?A．WalterIsaacson. B．ThiBui.C．GeorgeSaunders. D．DavidChristian.3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．TheBestWeCouldDoisanautobiography.B．LincolnintheBardohasbeenwarmlyreceived.C．DavidChristiantalksmuchaboutthepartthatinnovationwillplay.D．ReaderscanonlyreadaboutLeonardodaVinci’scontributionstowardsart.23．（8分）OnChristmasDay,2003,awomannamedNancySueBrowntookherdaughterandgrandchildrentoseeamovieatanAMCtheater.Whenthemoviewasover,thecrowdmadefortheexits.Atheateremployeehadjustfinishedmoppingthehallwayanddutifullyplacedthe“wetfloor”signintheslipperyarea.Nooneslippedduetothewetconditions,butsomeonedidmanagetoknockoverthesign.AndbythetimeMs.Browngottothearea,thesignwaslyingonthefloor.Andshortlythereafter,sowasshe.Herfootgotcaughtinthesign,inabadway,andshefell.UnfortunatelyMs.Brownhadundergoneabackoperation,andthefallcausedmoredamagethanitotherwisewouldhave.Sosheandherhusbandsued(提起诉讼).AMCarguedthattheentirepointofthe“wetfloor”signabovewastowarnofdanger,andtherefore,courtsshouldencouragetheusebynotallowingBrown’scasetoproceed(继续进行).AMCreferredtoacaseaboutaDecember,1998incident,wherea“wetfloor”sign,notinuse,felltothefloorcausinganothertrip-and-fall.Inthatcase,Georgia’sCourtofAppealsruledinfavorofthestore,butdidn’tgosofarastosaythat“wetfloor’signscouldn’tgiverisetolegalliability(责任)intrip-and-fallaccidents.IntheBrowncase,theSupremeCourtthereforerejectedAMC’sargumentthattheformercaseapplied.ButtheBrownsarguedsomethingsurprisingthatthe“wetfloor”signwas,itself,dangerous,because“usingthistypeofsigninareaspassedbylotsofcustomerscreatesanunreasonableriskofforeseeableharmtothepublicintheformoftrippinghazards(危险).”That’sright—thesafetysign,usedinthewayitwasdesigned,wasitselfdangerous.Thecourtthankfullydidn’tacceptthatargument,atleastnotentirely.ButitdidconcludethatBrown’scasecouldcontinuetoajury(陪审团)—“amerchant’sselectionanduseofequipmentdesignedtowarncustomersofonedangerthathavethepotentialtoexposethemtoadifferentone.”1、Accordingtothetext,Ms.Brown________.A．slippedonthewetfloor B．trippedoverawarningsignC．knockedoverawarningsign D．wasknockeddownbythecrowd2、AMCmentionedthe1998caseinorderto________.A．acceptitslegalliabilityforMs.Brown’slossB．proveMS.BrownhadsomephysicalproblemsC．stressthatithadnolegalliabilityfortheaccidentD．proveothercustomerswereresponsiblefortheaccident3、WhatcanwelearnabouttheBrowncasefromthelastparagraph?A．Itwouldbejudgedbyjury.B．Itwouldnotbeallowedtoproceed.C．ThecourtwouldruleinfavorofAMC．D．ThecourtacceptedalltheargumentsoftheBrowns.4、Theunderlinedword“one”inthelastparagraphrefersto“________”.A．danger B．customer C．businessowner D．equipmentinpublicplaces24．（8分）TheTrueStoryofaYoungManWhenReginaldLindsayreceivedascholarshiptoMorehouseCollegeinAtlanta,Georgiain1923,whathewantedmostwasnotajobwithagoodsalary,butachancetobeamemberofCongressasasouthernrepresentative.AfterearninghisdegreeatHarvardLawSchoolin1930,hereturnedtotheSouthtopracticelawamongthepoor.“Iwanttohelpthemunderstandwhattheirrightsareandtohelpthemachievethem,”hesaid.ThenheranforpoliticalofficeatthelocalandstateleveluntilhewasreadytotryforCongress.Reggrewupinalow-incomeNegrosectionofBirmingham,Alabama.Broughtupbyhisgrandparentsafterhisparentsweredivorcedwhilehewasveryyoung,Reghadbeenlivingthroughaperiodoffar-reachingprogressinracerelations.Inthesummerof1928ReghimselfbecameagoodexampleofthisprogresswhenhebecamethefirstNegrostudentappointedtoaspecialnewprogram.TheprogramintroducedbrightyoungstudentstotheworkingsoftheGeorgiaStategovernmentandencouragedthemtoseekemploymentthereafterfinishingtheireducation.“I‟vebeenlucky,”hesaid.“Iseemtohavebeenintherightplaceattherighttime.”ButluckwasonlypartofReg‟sstory,forhemadethemostofopportunitiesthatcamehisway.Helearnedtoreadinkindergartenandbeganvisitingthepubliclibraryregularlytoborrowbooks.Hisgrandparentsencouragedhim,thoughneitherofthemhadmucheducation,andtheyboughthimasetofencyclopedias.“Ilovedthosebooks,”heremembered.“Iusedtocomedownstairsbeforebreakfastandreadshortarticles.Ienjoyedreadingaboutfamousmen,andthenIwouldpretendtobeoneofthem.Iguessitwaspartlyachildishgameandpartlyanescape.Itwasn‟ttoomuchfuntobeaNegrowhenIwasakid.”Whilestudyingforhisbachelor‟sdegreeatMorehouseCollege,Regworkedonseveralpoliticalcampaignshelpingcandidatesgetelectedtogovernmentoffices.Atthesametimehemaintaineda“B”averagewhilemajoringinpoliticalscience.WithjusttwomoreyearstocompleteatHarvardLawSchool,whichalsogavehimascholarship,Regmadeagoodstartonhisprofessionalcareer.Hesaid,“ThegoodlifeformeisthekindoflifewhereIcanfindsatisfactioninpublicservice.”Thenin1931hewastheMassachusettsstatecommissionerofpublicutilitiesandfrom1993to2009hewasjudgeoftheUnitedStatesDistrictCourtfortheDistrictofMassachusetts.1、AfterearninghisdegreefromHarvardLawSchool,Reginaldplannedto.A．returntohishometowntofindajobwithagoodsalaryB．gobacktotheSouthtohelpthepoorunderstandtheirrightsC．runforlocalofficetomakeprogressonthecivilrightsmovementD．tryforCongressbyencouragingthepoortojoinaneducationprogram2、InwhatwaydidReginald‟sgrandparentsencouragehimtoread?A．Theysenthimtokindergarten.B．Theyledhimtopubliclibrary.C．Theyboughthimencyclopedias.D．Theyborrowedmanybooksforhim.3、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeReginald?A．Enthusiasticandcareful. B．Cooperativeandmodest.C．Ambitiousandhardworking. D．Courageousandgenerous.25．（10分）FourteenagegirlsfromMinnesota,US.120hoursofnon-stoptogetherness.Nocellphones.Thisisnotarealityshow,butanadventurejourney.“Itwasreallyperfect,”saidJuliaRuelleofherrecentadventuretotheBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernesswiththreeofherchildhoodfriends.“Byunplugging,wehadanamazingtime.”Lastyear,the16-year-oldtookpartinanessaycontestandcarriedoffaprize.Theawardwasa5-daycanoeandcampingadventurewithuptothreefriends.Noparentsorguideswouldbethere.SoJuliainvitedherfriendsAnnaWander,MadelineWilsonandJuliannaTorelli.ThefourMinnetonkaHighSchooljuniorsarrivedinElyfortrainingthedaybeforetheybeganthejourney.Theysetoutthenextdayat7a.m.,quicklydevelopingaroutine.“Weweredonepaddlingbynoon,”Juliasaid.“Weatelunchatthecampsitesandthenitwastimeforhammocks(吊床),reading,makingfriendshipbracelets(手镯)andtalking.”Thegirlsallhadsomeexperienceintheoutdoorsbefore.AnnahadbeentotheBoundaryWaterswithherfamily.“Ilovehowyouareseparatedfromeverythinginyourlife,especiallytechnology,”Annasaid.Withoutherphone,shesaid,“I’mlessworriedaboutthings.”Madeline,too,hadbeentotheBoundaryWatersafewyearsback.“Butthistime,Ihadtopaddlerightandsetupcamp,”shesaid.Thegirlsmadefireandcookedmealtogether.Noonewaseverhungryorhomesick,buttheywerenervousthefinalnightastheywaitedoutathunderstorm.Theyleftwetsleepingbagsinonetent,andsqueezedintoanotherforthenight.“EverythunderstormintheBoundaryWatersfeelshuge,”Juliasaid.Onthecarridehome,theywereallontheirphonescatchingupwithfriends.“Itwasalittleatalossturningmyphoneon,”saidAnna.“MentalhealthcanbeimprovedsomuchintheBoundaryWaters.Itreallyhelpstogetawayandreconnectwithyourself.”1、HowdidJuliaRuellegetthechancetocamp?A．Shewonanessaycontest. B．Shewasinvitedbyherfriends.C．Sheperformedwellinherschool. D．Sheaskedherparentsforsupport.2、Whywasthe5-dayadventureuniquetothegirls?A．Theyneededtocompletemanytasks.B．Theyneededtofindaguideontheirown.C．Theyhadtoliveonaboatforseveraldays.D．Theyhadtolivewithouttheirsmartphones.3、Whatcanweknowaboutthegirlsfromthestory?A．Theyhadnotgotanycampingexperiencebefore.B．Theyallfeltrefreshedaftertheadventurejourney.C．Theyenrichedtheirlearningexperiencesbyexploring.D．Theyusedtokeepinclosetouchwiththeirfriendsbyphone.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan(货车）1toystothehomeless.Whenwe2thespot,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI3thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo4，bothaboutmyageatthetime，andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysatthere5.AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas6interestedinthelittlegirl.How7ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,8throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iontheotherhandwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout9Ihadagoodeducationandthusa10future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly11shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisionto12adollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa13，Isteppedout,calledthegirloverand14thedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith15andwasn’tcertainwhattodo，butthenshesmiledandIsaw16inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto17off,andthat'swhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning18Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad19withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwo20words“ThankYou”.1、A．showing B．recommending C．distributing D．selling2、A．left B．changed C．chose D．approached3、A．guaranteed B．realized C．decided D．accepted4、A．boys B．children C．drivers D．adults5、A．happily B．angrily C．hopefully D．helplessly6、A．still B．less C．especially D．probably7、A．similar B．different C．difficult D．ordinary8、A．searching B．getting C．running D．breaking9、A．food B．safety C．health D．transport10、A．doubtful B．distant C．promising D．foreseeable11、A．present B．decoration C．requirement D．possession12、A．giveaway B．giveback C．handout D．handin13、A．station B．stop C．street D．signal14、A．tore B．placed C．dropped D．threw15、A．anger B．pain C．surprise D．disappointment16、A．hope B．loneliness C．anxiety D．astonishment17、A．walk B．get C．lift D．drive18、A．behind B．away C．out D．in19、A．gotalong B．comealong C．caughtup D．turnedup20、A．final B．new C．key D．simple第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）RaronWeaverwasbornonApril14th,1998withonlyhislefteye.Itwasverylikelythatthisdisabilitywouldcomewithbraindamage.Thechancesare1．hewouldhavebraindamage,yethedidn’t.Hewentthrough25operationsand2．(receive)afalseeye.Whenhewasinthe4thgradehedreamedof3．(become)awriterandhecarriedthatdreamwithhimthroughouthislife.However,hefacedagreatmany4．(difficulty).Fromhisfirstdayofpreschooltohislastdayofhighschool,hewaslookedat5．(strange)byothers.Peoplewouldcallhimnameslike“cyclops(独眼龙)”andwouldtellhimthathewas6．mistake.Alongwiththis,sufferingfromobsessivecompulsivedisorder(强迫症)madeitdifficultforhim7．(do)normalactivities.In2016hegraduatedfromhighschoolwiththesupportofalovingfamily8．thehelpofteachersandfriends.Hebegantowriteabookandayearlaterhecompletedhisbook.Inlate2017TheHumanApocalypse9．(publish)anditisnowbeingsoldthroughseveral10．(difference)ways.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。文章共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉（/）修改：在错误的词下面画一横线（_______）,并在该词下面写出修改的词注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。3、必须按答题要求做题，否则不给分。Weweredrivingintherightlanewhile,allofsudden,ablackcarjumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus、Mytaxidriverslammedonmybrakes,skidded、andmissedtheothercar’sbackendthroughjustinches!Thedriveroftheothercar,theguywhoalmostcausedabigaccident,turnedhisheadangrilyandstartedyellingbadwordatus、Mytaxidriverjustsmiledandwavedattheguy、Imean,hewasfriendly、SoIsaid,“Whydoyoujustdothat?Thisguyalmostruinedyourcarandsentustohospital!”Andthiswasthatmytaxidrivertoldme,whichIcall“TheLawoftheGarbageTruck”、Manypeopleareasgarbagetrucksandtheyrunaroundfullofgarbage,fulloffrustration,fullofanger,andfullofdisappointment、Theirgarbagepilesup,theyneedaplacetodump（倾倒）it、Andifyouletthem,they’lldumpitonyou、Whensomeonewantstodumponyou,don’ttakeitpersonal、Youjustsmile,wave,wishthemwell,andmoveon、You’llbehappyatwhatyoudo、第二节书面表达（满分25分）29．（25分）一家英国网站专门为外国留学生提供住宿家庭的信息，假如你是李华，打算明年去英国留学，因此你给他们发一封电子邮件，说明你的租房要求：1.提供单独的房间;2.房子的地点;3.免费提供生