新概念英语第四册+Lesson+53+讲义

新概念第四册Lesson53讲义TelevisionThemostpervasive1andpersuasive2ofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth-ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility3,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.Itisanelectronicrevolutionofsorts,madepossiblebythemarriageoftelevisionandcomputertechnologies.Theword"television",derived4fromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visisight)roots,canliterally5beinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthecapability6ofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronicallyreconstitutedintothatsameimage.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.Thefieldoftelevisioncanbedividedintotwocategoriesdetermined7byitsmeansoftransmission.First,thereisbroadcasttelevision,whichreachesthemassesthroughbroad-basedairwavetransmissionoftelevisionsignals.Second,thereisnonbroadcasttelevision,whichprovidesfortheneedsofindividualsorspecificinterestgroupsthroughcontrolledtransmissiontechniques.Traditionally,televisionhasbeenamediumofthemasses.Wearemostfamiliarwithbroadcasttelevisionbecauseithasbeenwithusforaboutthirty-sevenyearsinaformsimilartowhatexiststoday.Duringthoseyears,ithasbeencontrolled,forthemostpart,bythebroadcastnetworks,ABC,NBC,andCBS,whohavebeenthemajorpurveyorsofnews,information,andentertainment.Thesegiantsofbroadcastinghaveactuallyshapednotonlytelevisionbutourperceptionofitaswell.Wehavecometolookuponthepicturetubeasasourceofentertainment,placingourroleinthisdynamicmediumasthepassiveviewer.

1pervasive

adj.普遍的；遍布的，(到处)弥漫的；渗透性的参考例句：Itisthemostpervasivecompoundonearth.它是地球上最普遍的化合物。Theadversehealtheffectsofcarexhaustarepervasiveanddifficulttomeasure.汽车尾气对人类健康所构成的有害影响是普遍的，并且难以估算。2persuasive

adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的参考例句：Hisargumentsinfavourofanewschoolareverypersuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。Theevidencewasnotreallypersuasiveenough.证据并不是太有说服力。3versatility

n.多才多艺，多样性，多功能参考例句：Versatilityisanotherofyourstrongpoints,butdon'toverdoitbyhavingtoomanyironsinthefire.你还有一个长处是多才多艺，但不要揽事太多而太露锋芒。Thisversatilitycomesfromadualweatherinfluence.这种多样性是由于双重的气候影响而形成的。4derived

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到(derive的过去式和过去分词)；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取参考例句：ManyEnglishwordsarederivedfromLatinandGreek.英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。来自《简明英汉词典》Hederivedhisenthusiasmforliteraturefromhisfather.他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。来自《简明英汉词典》5literally

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实参考例句：Hetranslatedthepassageliterally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。Sometimesshewouldnotsitdowntillshewasliterallyfaint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。6capability

n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等参考例句：Shehasthecapabilitytobecomeaveryfineactress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。Organizingawholedepartmentisbeyondhiscapability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。7determined

adj.坚定的；有决心的参考例句：IhavedeterminedongoingtoTibetaftergraduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。Hedeterminedtoviewtheroomsbehindtheoffice.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。AndrewCarnegieAndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSteel,builtthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates,and,intheprocess,becameoneofthewealthiestmeninAmerica.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductandinpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline1,whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments2.Carnegiebelievedthatindividualsshouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthealsofeltstronglythatthewealthyshouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitofsociety.Heopposedcharity,preferringinsteadtoprovideeducationalopportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves."Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced,"heoftensaid.Amonghismorenoteworthycontributionstosocietyarethosethatbearhisname,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,amuseumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.HealsofoundedaschooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCarnegie-MellonUniversity.OtherphilanthrophicgiftsaretheCarnegieEndowmentforInternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandingbetweennations,theCarnegieInstituteofWashingtontofund3scientificresearch,andCarnegieHalltoprovideacenterforthearts.FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegie'sgenerosity4.Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500librariesinsmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedthenucleus5ofthepubliclibrarysystemthatweallenjoytoday.

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1decline

n.衰微，跌落，下降；vt.使降低，婉谢；vi.下降，衰落，偏斜参考例句：Imustdeclinetoshowfavourtoanyofthecandidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。Thebirthrateisonthedecline.出生率在下降。2investments

n.投资(investment的名词复数)；投资额；（时间、精力的）投入；值得买的东西参考例句：Withthemarketsbeingsovolatile,investmentsareatgreatrisk.由于市场那么变化不定，投资冒着很大的风险。来自《简明英汉词典》Alltheirmoneywastiedupinlong-terminvestments.他们所有的钱都搁死在长线投资上了。来自《简明英汉词典》3fund

n.基金，资金，存款，财源，贮藏；vt.提供资金，积累参考例句：Theydecidedtosetupafundforthispurpose.他们决定为此专立一项基金。Thisfundmaynotbedrawnonwithoutpermission.这笔钱非经批准不得动用。4generosity