新概念英语第四册+Lesson+54+American+Revolution++讲义

新概念第四册Lesson54讲义AmericanRevolutionTheAmericanRevolutionwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereushered1in,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutright2revolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolated3communitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.America'sWarofIndependenceheralded4thebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinflux5ofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenal6colonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors7.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notably8ConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratified9acolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted10,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptly11soughtalocalsubstituteforkingandParliament.

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1ushered

v.引，领，陪同(usher的过去式和过去分词)参考例句：Thesecretaryusheredmeintohisoffice.秘书把我领进他的办公室。AroundofpartiesusheredintheNewYear.一系列的晚会迎来了新年。来自《简明英汉词典》2outright

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的参考例句：Ifyouhaveacomplaintyoushouldtellmeoutright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。Youshouldpersuadehertomarryyououtright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。3isolated

adj.与世隔绝的参考例句：Hisbadbehaviourwasjustanisolatedincident.他的不良行为只是个别事件。Patientswiththediseaseshouldbeisolated.这种病的患者应予以隔离。4heralded

v.预示(herald的过去式和过去分词)；宣布（好或重要）参考例句：Thesingingofthebirdsheraldedintheday.鸟鸣报晓。来自《简明英汉词典》AfanfareoftrumpetsheraldedthearrivaloftheKing.嘹亮的小号声宣告了国王驾到。来自《简明英汉词典》5influx

n.流入，注入参考例句：Thecountrysimplycannotabsorbthisinfluxofrefugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。Textileworkersfavouredprotectionbecausetheyfearedaninfluxofcheapcloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施，因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。6penal

adj.刑罚的；刑法上的参考例句：Ihopeyou'refamiliarwithpenalcode.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。Heunderwentnineteenyearsofpenalservitudefortheft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。7debtors

n.债务人，借方(debtor的名词复数)参考例句：Creditorscouldobtainawritforthearrestoftheirdebtors.债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。来自《简明英汉词典》Neverinadebtors'prison?从没有因债务坐过牢么？来自英汉文学-双城记8notably

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地参考例句：Manystudentswereabsent,notablythemonitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。Anotablyshort,silver-hairedman,heplaysbasketballwithhisstaffseveraltimesaweek.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。9ratified

v.批准，签认（合约等）(ratify的过去式和过去分词)参考例句：Thetreatywasdeclaredinvalidbecauseithadnotbeenratified.条约没有得到批准，因此被宣布无效。Thetreatywasratifiedbyallthememberstates.这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。10ousted

驱逐(oust的过去式和过去分词)；革职；罢黜；剥夺参考例句：Hewasoustedaschairman.他的主席职务被革除了。Hemaybeoustedbyamilitarytakeover.他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。11promptly

adv.及时地，敏捷地参考例句：Hepaidthemoneybackpromptly.他立即还了钱。Shepromptlyseizedtheopportunityhisabsencegaveher.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。SuburbanizationIfby"suburb"ismeantanurbanmargin1thatgrowsmorerapidlythanitsalreadydevelopedinterior,theprocessofsuburbanization2beganduringtheemergence3oftheindustrialcityinthesecondquarterofthenineteenthcentury.Beforethatperiodthecitywasasmallhighlycompactclusterinwhichpeoplemovedaboutonfootandgoodswereconveyedbyhorseandcart.Buttheearlyfactoriesbuiltinthe1840'swerelocatedalongwaterwaysandnearrailheadsattheedgesofcities,andhousingwasneededforthethousandsofpeopledrawn4bytheprospect5ofemployment.Intime,thefactoriesweresurroundedbyproliferating6milltownsofapartmentsandrowhousesthatabutted7theolder,maincities.Asadefense8againstthisencroachment9andtoenlargetheirtaxbases,thecitiesappropriatedtheirindustrialneighbors.In1854,forexample,thecityofPhiladelphiaannexed10mostofPhiladelphiaCounty.Similarmunicipalmaneuvers11tookplaceinChicagoandinNewYork.Indeed,mostgreatcitiesoftheUnitedStatesachievedsuchstatusonlybyincorporatingthecommunitiesalongtheirborders.Withtheacceleration12ofindustrialgrowthcameacuteurbancrowdingandaccompanyingsocialstress-conditionsthatbegantoapproachdisastrous13proportionswhen,in1888,thefirstcommerciallysuccessfulelectrictraction14linewasdeveloped.Withinafewyearsthehorse-drawntrolleys15wereretired16andelectricstreetcarnetworkscrisscrossedandconnectedeverymajorurbanarea,fosteringawaveofsuburbanizationthattransformedthecompactindustrialcityintoadispersed17metropolis18.Thisfirstphaseofmass-scalesuburbanizationwasreinforcedbythesimultaneousemergenceoftheurbanMiddleClass,whosedesiresforhomeownershipinneighborhoodsfarfromtheaginginnercityweresatisfiedbythedevelopersofsingle-familyhousingtracts19.

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1margin

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘参考例句：Weallowedamarginof20minutesincatchingthetrain.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。Thevillageissituatedatthemarginofaforest.村子位于森林的边缘。2suburbanization

郊区城市化参考例句：Thepopulationsuburbanizationisanewtrendinthepopulationdevelopmentofbigcitiesinourcountry.人口郊区化是我国大城市人口发展的新动向。Suburbanizationandcounter-urbanizationaretwoconceptsofsimilaritiesaswellasdifferences.郊区化与逆城市化是既有联系又有区别的两个概念，逆城市化是郊区化的升级版本。3emergence

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体参考例句：Thelastdecadesawtheemergenceofadynamiceconomy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。Languageemergesanddevelopswiththeemergenceanddevelopmentofsociety.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。4drawn

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的参考例句：Allthecharactersinthestoryaredrawnfromlife.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。Hergazewasdrawnirresistiblytothesceneoutside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。5prospect

n.前景，前途；景色，视野参考例句：Thisstateofthingsholdsoutacheerfulprospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。Theprospectbecamemoreevident.前景变得更加明朗了。6proliferating

激增(proliferate的现在分词)；（迅速）繁殖；增生；扩散参考例句：Computerizeddatabasesareproliferatingfast.计算机化的数据库正在激增。Crowngallsarecancerousgrowthscomposedofdisorganizedandproliferatingplantcells.冠瘿是无组织的正在不断增殖的植物细胞所组成的癌状物。7abutted

v.（与…）邻接(abut的过去式和过去分词)；（与…）毗连；接触；倚靠参考例句：Theirhouseabuttedagainstthehill.他们的房子紧靠着山。来自辞典例句Thesidewalkabuttedontheriver.人行道紧挨着河川。来自辞典例句8defense

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩参考例句：Theaccusedhastherighttodefense.被告人有权获得辩护。Thewarhasimpactedtheareawithmilitaryanddefenseworkers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。9encroachment

n.侵入，蚕食参考例句：Iresenttheencroachmentonmytime.我讨厌别人侵占我的时间。Theeaglebrokeawayanddefiantlycontinueditsencroachment.此时雕挣脱开对方，继续强行入侵。10annexed

[法]附加的，附属的参考例句：GermanyannexedAustriain1938.1938年德国吞并了奥地利。Theoutlyingvillageswereformallyannexedbythetownlastyear.那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。11maneuvers

n.策略，谋略，花招(maneuver的名词复数)参考例句：Hesuspectedatoncethatshehadbeenspyinguponhismaneuvers.他立刻猜想到，她已经侦察到他的行动。来自辞典例句ManeuversinGuizhouoccupiedtheRedsforfourmonths.贵州境内的作战占了红军四个月的时间。来自辞典例句12acceleration

n.加速，加速度参考例句：Allspacemenmustbeabletobearacceleration.所有太空人都应能承受加速度。Hehasalsocalledforanaccelerationofpoliticalreforms.他同时呼吁加快政治改革的步伐。13disastrous

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的参考例句：Theheavyrainstormcausedadisastrousflood.暴雨成灾。Herinvestmenthaddisastrousconsequences.Shelosteverythingsheowned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。14traction

n.牵引；附着摩擦力参考例句：I'llshowyouhowthetractionisapplied.我会让你看如何做这种牵引。She'sinjuredhe