2022届广东省广州市高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷（解析版）

广东省广州市2022届高三上学期12月阶段训练英语试卷一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读理解SmokejumpersEveryyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsofpeopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Whatisasmokejumper?Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.Whatdosmokejumpersdo?Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimitedamount.Whocanbeasmokejumper?Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland，orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobecapableofsurvivinginthewildness.Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn'tjustanoccupation.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldsmokejumperBobSmithsays,"Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys."1．Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?A．Cleartheland.B．Studythearea.C．Lookforwater.D．Putoutthefire.2．Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe_______________.A．maleB．withinacertainweightrangeC．abletoflyaplaneD．olderthan28yearsofage3．Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A．B．C．D．阅读理解Underthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,musicloversinNorwaysitonseatsmadeoficeandcoveredwithanimalskins.Onafrozenstage,musiciansinfurryhatsandcoatsplayinstrumentscarvedfromice!ThisshowistheIceMusicFestival,theonlyconcertintheworldofitskind.Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.Isungsetspentyearsexperimentingwithiceinstruments.Themorehelearned,themoreexcitedhebecame.Afteryearsoftrialanderror,hewasreadytostarttheIceMusicFestivalin2016.Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.Heprefersnottousehuman-madeice,becausehebelievesfrozenlakewatersoundsbetter.Thismaybesupportedbyscience.Scientistshavenoticedthatnaturalicehasfewerbubbles(气泡),whichcouldleadtoaclearersound.Oncetheicehasbeensourced,professionalicecarversusetoolstocreateinstruments.Theycarveeverythingfromsaxophonestoxylophones.Thecarversoftenchangethelookoftheinstruments,whichhelpsthemproducespecial,evenunique,sounds.Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.Playingthefrozeninstrumentsisachallenge.Eachperformancesurprisesboththemusiciansandtheaudience.Aftertheconcertisover,Isungsetjokesthatthemusicianswilldrinktheirinstruments.Actually,theyjustleavetheirstageandinstrumentsbehind,givingitallbacktonature.4．WhatinspiredIsungset'sinterestinicemusic?A．Learningtoplayaniceinstrument.B．AttendingthefirstIceMusicFestival.C．Playingmusicinafrozenenvironment.D．Experimentingwithfrozeninstruments.5．HowdoesIsungsetchoosethebestice?A．Bytestingthesoundthatitmakes.B．Byreferringtoscientificexplanations.C．Bycomparingthesourcesoficepieces.D．Bycheckingthenumberofbubblesithas.6．Whatisthebiggestchallengefacedbyicemusicmusicians?A．Playinginsuchcoldweather.B．Gettingridoftheirinstruments.C．Selectingtheirinstruments'look.D．Predictingtheirinstruments'sounds.7．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．TopromotethetalentsofTerjeIsungset.B．Toreviewarecently-heldmusicfestival.C．Tointroduceanewandoriginaltypeofmusic.D．ToencouragepeopletojoinintheIceMusicFestival.阅读理解Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalParkin1995.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.By2007,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170.GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan,worryingthatwolveswouldkilltheirlivestockorpets.Otherpeoplefearedthatthewolveswouldnotbewell-protectedinYellowstone.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.Theyincludedmanycompromisestohelppeopleacceptthewolves'presence.Forexample,theypromisedtopayfarmersforlivestockkilledbywolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolvesinYellowstone.Certainwolveswearspecialcollarstohelpbiologistsgatherinformationabouthowthewolveslive,hunt,andreproduce.Eachyearthewolfpopulationiscounted.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Deerandcoyotepopulationsaredown,whileredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.8．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whygraywolvesbecameadangertofarmers.B．WhatgraywolvespreferredaboutlivinginCanada.C．Howgraywolveswereforcedoutoftheiroriginalhomes.D．WhengraywolvesweregraduallyreintroducedtoYellowstone.9．Howisparagraph3developed?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.C．Bylistingeventsintimeorder.D．Byusingstatisticsandexamples.10．WhydidbiologistssuggestthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstone?A．Toreducethepark'splantdiversity.B．Toprotectthewolvesfromdyingout.C．Tocontrolthelocallivestockproblem.D．Tolimitthedeerandcoyotepopulations.11．Whichstatementbestsummarizesthewriter'sviewpoint?A．WolvesareanimportantpartofAmericannationalparks.B．Yellowstone'swolfreintroductionprogramwasamistake.C．Thegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforreintroducingwolves.D．Yellowstone'swolfprogramhasbenefitedthewolvesandthepark.阅读理解Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.Thescientistsrecruited9619-month-oldchildren.Duringtheexperiments,achildandaresearchersatacrossfromeachother.Inthecontrolgroupofthefirstsetofexperiments,researchersthrewapieceoffruitontoaplatewheretheycouldn'treach,butthechildcould.Theythenwaited.Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.Theexperimentswererepeatedfourtimes.Researchersgotsimilarresultseachtime.Babieswithsiblings(兄弟姐妹)andbabiesfromLatinoorAsianfamiliessharedmoreofthefruit,theteamalsofound.CarterMorgan,leadprofessorofthestudy,said,"Weoftenthinkofbabiesasselfish.Butherewefindthattheyarewillingtohelpothersevenwhenitcomesatsome'cost'totheself."Addressingwhychildrenwithsiblingsorfromcertainculturalbackgroundsweremorelikelytosharetheirfruit,Morgansaid,"Webelievethispartlyreflectswhatsocialpsychologistscall'interdependence',whichstressesontheimportanceofinterpersonalconnectionsandadjustingtoothers.Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife."12．Theunderlinedword"altruism"mostprobablymeans__________________.A．generosityB．creativityC．friendlinessD．confidence13．Whatcanbeinferredabout19-month-oldbabies?A．Theyknowwhentohavelunch.B．Theyunderstandsignalsforhelp.C．Theycanclassifydifferentfruits.D．Theycanexpresstheirneedsfreely.14．Whichgraphbestexplainsthefindingsoftheexperiments?A．B．C．D．15．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Attitudestowardssharingchangegreatlyaspeoplegetolder.B．Babiesfromfamilieswithanonlychildarenotwillingtoshare.C．It'seasiertocontrolbabies'selfishdesireswhentheyarehungry.D．Socialexperiencesplayaroleinaffectingbabies'behaviorofsharing.二、任务型阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Areyousittingmorethanever?16．You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.17．Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.18．Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoestheriskofearlydeath."Sitless,movemore"iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.19．Itisliketellingsomeonetojust"exercise"withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.Forexample,theCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minuteseveryweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.20．"Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace,"Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasputusastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproach.A.Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.C.Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Themorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday,andI'dbeenina/an21．withafriend.Herwordsstillhurt,"Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?"Ishookmyheadandfeltthe22．inmytooth.Itwasreally23．.Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.24．,ataboutlunchtime,Igotlucky."Ifyou25．rightnow,"thereceptionistsaid,"thedentistwillfityouin."Irushedouttomycar.ButsuddenlyIbeganto26．aboutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto27．someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas28．astheothers?WhileIwasinthedentist'soffice,IsawnothingbuttheemptywallsandIbecameevenmore29．.Theassistant30．mynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.Justliedownand31．.Andenjoytheartwork.""Theartwork?""Iwas32．.Thechairwentback,andsuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:onthe33．.How34．thedentistwas!Atthatmoment,I35．whatmyfriendmeant.21．A．discussionB．argumentC．negotiationD．meeting22．A．warningB．bitternessC．painD．danger23．A．impossibleB．irresistibleC．unreasonableD．unbearable24．A．BesidesB．FinallyC．LatelyD．Therefore25．A．comeoverB．passonC．showoffD．settledown26．A．doubtB．careC．learnD．talk27．A．believeB．contactC．treatD．visit28．A．proudB．busyC．skilledD．careful29．A．eagerB．confidentC．curiousD．worried30．A．noticedB．examinedC．ignoredD．reduced31．A．paintB．relaxC．sleepD．smile32．A．annoyedB．frightenedC．embarrassedD．confused33．A．wallB．doorC．ceilingD．floor34．A．considerateB．imaginativeC．professionalD．patient35．A．heardB．rememberedC．understoodD．valued四、语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theskyscraper(摩天大楼)becamethestandarddesignofamodern,globalcityinthe20thcentury.Somuchsothatbytheendoflastcentury,centersofmanybigcitiesaroundtheworldbegan36．(look)alike.Asweenteredthe21stcentury,manydesignersbegantoask37．(they):Isthis38．wewantourcitiestolook?Mustourcitiesgiveuptheirindividualidentitiestobecomemodern?Some39．(architect)haverespondedtothesequestionsbyincorporatingtraditionaldesignelementsintotheirskyscrapers.Othersarereturning40．localtraditionsand,often,localmaterials.InChina,internationallyfamousarchitectWangShuwantstobringabreathoffreshairtomoderndesign.HeiscreatingdesignsinwhichmodernconcreteandChinesetraditionalbuildingpracticescoexist.TraditionalChinesebuildings,41．(include)homes,oftenhavegreenspacesontheinside.WangsaysthatthemostimportantthingforChinesepeopleis"livinginsome42．(peace)placewithtrees,water,andyourfamilytogether."Hekeepsthisideainmindandreusesoldmaterialsinhisnewbuildings.Somebuildingscontain43．(recycle)bricksandtilesfromconstructionsthat44．(build)hundredsofyearsago.Wangbelievesthisiswhatgives45．buildingitsspiritandmakesitfeelalive.五、写作（共两节，满分40分)46．为迎接一年一度的重阳节，学校英文报举办以"关爱老人"为主题的征文比赛。请写一篇英语短文参赛，包括以下要点:1）重阳节的意义;2）如何关爱老人;3）期望与呼吁。注意:1）写作词数应为80左右;2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Lovetheelderly47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandabikebasket.It'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn'tturnedabikebasketintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday—Alessonaboutthevalueofefforts.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon'tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatotherkidsdid,we'dhearsomethinglike,"Idon'tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroomorabigparty."Wehadtoearnourallowance(零用钱)bydoingchores(家务)aroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwasonesummerday.Mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasinthewindow—white,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers.ThebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—lhadtohaveit."It'sbeautiful,"mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,"Whataneatbasket."Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,butthenIcouldn'tstanditanylonger."Mom,pleasecanIgetit?I'lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIlovethatbasket.Please,Mom,please?"Iwasdesperate."Youknow,"shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolestthingever,"Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.""BythetimeIearnenoughit'llbegone!Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?""Theremightbeanotherway,"shesaid.注意:1）续写词数应为150左右;2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。"I'llbuyitnowbutyouonlygetitafter3weeksofdoublechores,"Momexplained.Finally,Igotmydreambasket,butsoonIsadlyfoundthesamebasketonothers'bikes!答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．B3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smokejumpers（空降灭火消防员）的工作以及成为空降灭火消防员的条件。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。1．考查细节理解。根据Whatdosmokejumpersdo?部分中的“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.”在着火地点，空降灭火消防员首先查看地形，然后决定怎样灭火。可知，空降灭火消防员在到达着火地点后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故选B。2．考查细节理解。根据Whocanbeasmokejumper?部分中的“Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland”重要的因素是你的身高和体重。在美国被雇佣的空降灭火消防员必须在120—200磅，即：54—91公斤，以便于你不被强风刮走，或者着陆后受伤。可知，要成为空降灭火消防员，身高和体重必须达到一定的范围。故选B。3．考查推理判断。根据第一段中“Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.”阻止火灾发生的是空降灭火消防员可知，本文在讲空降灭火消防员的职业，因此要在职业种类的网站上去浏览。故选A。【答案】4．C5．A6．D7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了挪威的冰音乐节以及发展的历史。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.”这个很酷的想法始于1999年，当时音乐家TerjeIsungset在冰冻的瀑布中演奏音乐。他听到的惊人声音使他开始使用冰作为乐器。故选C。5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.”为了准备冷冻仪器，伊松塞特寻找最好的天然冰源。他通过切下一块来测试每个冰源，用手指敲击它，然后听它发出的声音。经验告诉他，冰是否能成为好乐器。故选A。6．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.”每年，音乐节的目标都是挑战音乐家在演奏这些独一无二的冰乐器时制作创意音乐。故选D。7．考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一种新的和原创的音乐类型——冰音乐，故选C。【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了多年争论后灰狼被重新引进到黄石国家公园，这样做保持了当地的生态平衡。也为生物学家以后在其他地方重新引进狼群提供了借鉴。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．考查段落大意。根据第二段“GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.”灰狼曾经在整个黄石地区漫游。但他们逐渐被人类发展所取代，被农民猎杀牲畜。到1920年代，狼实际上已经从黄石地区消失了。他们向北移动到加拿大的深处，那里与人类的接触较少。可知第二段介绍了灰狼是如何被迫离开它们的家园黄石地区的。故选C。9．考查推理判断。根据第三段“Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.”狼的消失带来了许多后果。鹿种群——狼的主要食物来源——在没有通常的敌人的情况下迅速增长。这些动物消耗了大量的植被，从而降低了公园内的植物多样性。在没有狼的情况下，小野狼的数量也迅速增长。小野狼杀死了公园里大部分的赤狐。可知第三段解释了造成结果的原因，故选B。10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.”早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园，希望它们能够控制鹿和小野狼的问题。故选D。11．考查推理判断，根据最后一段中的“TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”黄石狼项目一直是一项有价值的实验，可帮助生物学家决定是否将狼也重新引入该国其他地区。可推知黄石的狼计划使狼群和公园受益。故选D。【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．考查词义猜测。根据第一段“Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.”据研究了近100名儿童利他主义迹象的研究人员称，婴儿似乎知道如何帮助有需要的人；以及“Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.”想看看孩子们是否会在没有鼓励的情况下将食物交给陌生人的研究人员发现，孩子们就是这样做的——即使他们饿了。可推知altruism是“利他/无私）的行为”，故选A。13．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.”相比之下，测试组的研究人员假装将水果掉在盘子上，然后尝试并没有拿到。这向孩子发出了成年人想要食物的信号；以及第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在对照组中，只有4%的孩子将水果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%，或超过一半。可推知他们能理解求助信号。故选B。14．考查推理判断。根据第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在对照组中，只有4%的孩子将水果给了研究人员，而在测试组中，这一比例为58%，或超过一半；以及第五段“Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.”接下来，该团队探索了孩子们在付出代价时是否仍然会慷慨。第一组实验在午餐时间之前对另一组孩子重复，当时他们可能饿了。同样，37%的测试组交出了他们的水果，而对照组则没有。可知选A。15．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife.”这些社会塑造分享态度的经历似乎在生命的早期就产生了影响。故选D。【答案】16．B；17．E；18．F；19．D；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了久坐对健康的影响，建议人们走动起来。【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇健康类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前“Areyousittingmorethanever?”你坐得比以往任何时候都多吗？；以及空后“You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.”您可能正在坐着阅读本文。有时您在开车或参加会议时会坐着。其他时候，你会坐着看电影或玩电脑游戏。这无疑是坐了很多。可知此处要介绍人们坐着的时刻，B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.“花点时间想想你的坐姿活动。”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。17．根据空前“Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.”事实上，坐着的时间随着时间的推移而增加。可知此处列举人们坐的时间长短，E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.“截至今天，普通成年人每天将花费56-86%的时间坐着。”承接上文，符合语境，故选E。18．根据空前“Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.”我们知道久坐是不好的，我们大多数人在长时间看电视后自然会感到有点内疚；以及空后“Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.”一项针对近8,000名成年人的研究表明，久坐时间与我们因任何原因过早死亡的风险之间存在直接关系。可知此处说明久坐会出现什么问题，F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?“但是，当我们每天停车近八个小时时，到底出了什么问题？”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。19．根据空前“‘Sitless,movemore’iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.”“少坐多动”是心脏协会鼓励我们做的事情；以及空后“Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.”运动指南总是更实用。可知此处谈及的是健康指南，D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.“但是这个指导方针过于简单和抽象，无法有所作为。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。20．根据空前“Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.”我们需要类似的有关坐的指南，以及空后“Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace.”这可能就像是，每连续30分钟坐着，站起来移动或快速行走5分钟，可知此处指要进一步完善指南，G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.“为了弥补这个弱点，一个研究团队正在制定更具体的指南。”符合语境，故选G。【答案】21．B；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．A；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己牙疼去看牙医的经历。牙医为了减轻病人看病时的痛苦，在天花板上设计了一幅美术作品让病人欣赏，由此作者感悟到：要设身处地为他人着想。【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：我的牙齿在痛，我和一个朋友吵了一架。A：discussion“讨论”；B：argument“争论，争吵”；C：negotiation“谈判，协商”；D：meeting“会议”。根据下文“Herwordsstillhurt,‘Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?’”她的话很伤人，“你从来没有设身处地为我着想。难道你不能站在我的角度看事情吗？”可知他们在争吵，故选B。22．句意：句意：我固执地摇了摇头，感到牙疼。A：warning“警告”；B：bitterness“痛苦”；C：pain“疼”；D：danger“危险”。根据上文“Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday”我的牙医在度假时我的牙齿很痛，故选C23．句意：实在是难以忍受，A：impossible“不可能的”；B：irresistible“极具诱惑力的”；C：unreasonable“不合理的”；D：unbearable“难以忍受的”。根据下文“Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.”我开始给电话簿上的牙医打电话，但没有人能立即接待我。可知作者牙疼难以忍受，故选D。24．句意：最后，大约在午餐时间，我很幸运。A：Besides“而且”；B：Finally“最后”；C：Lately“最近”；D：Therefore“因此”。根据下文“thereceptionistsaid,‘thedentistwillfityouin.’"牙医会给你安排时间的。可知最终有牙医给作者看牙，故选B。25．句意：“如果你现在过来，”接待员说，“牙医会给你安排时间的。”A：comeover“过来”；B：passon“相传”；C：showoff“炫耀”；D：settledown“解决，安定下来”。根据空后“thedentistwillfityouin.”牙医会给你安排时间的，可知选A。26．句意：但突然间，我开始怀疑牙医。A：doubt“怀疑”；B：care“关心”；C：learn“学”；D：talk“谈论”。根据下文“Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto7someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas8astheothers?”什么样的牙医会如此渴望在如此短的时间内给人治疗？为什么他不像其他人那样忙？可推知作者有所怀疑，故选A。27．句意：什么样的牙医会如此渴望在如此短的时间内给人治疗？A：believe“相信”；B：contact“连接，联系”；C：treat“治疗，对待”；D：visit“参观，拜访”。作者来此是治疗牙疼的，可知选C。28．句意：为什么他不像其他人那样忙？A：proud“骄傲的”；B：busy“繁忙的”；C：skilled“熟练的”；D：careful“小心的”。根据上文，没有牙科医生有时间给作者看病，可推知这位医生有时间，故选B。29．句意：当我在牙医的办公室里时，我只看到光秃秃的墙壁，我变得更加担心。A：eager“热情的”；B：confident“有信心的”；C：curious“好奇的”；D：worried“担心的”。根据下文“WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.”当我告诉她我的恐惧时，她笑了，“别担心，牙医很好。”可知作者是担心的，故选D。30．句意：助理注意到我的紧张，将温暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。A：noticed“注意到”；B：examined“检查”；C：ignored“忽视”；D：reduced“减少”。根据空后“andplacedherwarmhandovermy