2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷(含答案)

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TeaArtIt’scommontoseepeopleincoffeebarscreatecoffeeart,butit’sawholedifferentballgamedoingthesamethingwithtea.HanZheminghasmanagedtoperfecttheskill,creatingteaartincups,ordianchainChinese,

__1__usedtobearitualduringtheSongDynasty.Overthepastsixyears,the40-year-oldShanghairesident__2__(use)teaandspoonstocreatenearly200patternsbasedonancientpaintings.“It’slike__3__(add)bellsandwhistlestotea,givingpeopleastrongersenseofoccasion,sodrinkingteaismorefun,”Hansays.It’salsohisintentiontobringtheoldritualbacktomodernlifeandhavemorepeople__4__(appreciate)itscharm.Dianchaenhancesthetasteoftea,Hansays.“Itissimilartothefoam(泡沫)ontopofacupofcoffee,except__5__itismadeoftearatherthanmilk.”ChineseteaculturestartedtoenjoypopularityduringtheTangDynastyandboomedthroughouttheSongDynasty,__6__teabecameanecessityforalmosteveryone,fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,justlikeotheressentialitems,suchasrice,oilandsalt,assuggestedbySongpoliticianandthinkerWangAnshi.DifferentfromthemethodofmakingteaduringtheTangperiod,intheSongDynasty,thepopularwayofhavingteawasthroughdiancha.Theprocessbeginswithhotwaterbeingpouredoverfine__7__(powder)teacreatingamixture.Thenmorehotwaterisaddedslowly__8__theteaisconstantlybeatenbyhandwithabamboostick.ItisbelievedthatthismethodlaterspreadtootherpartsofEastAsia,includingJapan,wheresimilarities__9__beseeninthewaymatcha(抹茶)ispreparedtoday.Thisactionofpouringhotwateriscalleddian;hencethenamediancha__10__(list)asanintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)ofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,Jiangsuprovince,in2019.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．applicationsB．connectionsC．emotionsD．identifyE.interveneF.notificationsG.sacredH.sharedI.specializeJ.stressedK.technologicalAnimalCommunicationManypetownerslongtotalkwiththeiranimals.Afterall,ifpetswereabletotalk,peoplecouldtakecareofthemmoreeasilyandhavecloseremotional___11___tothem,soanumberofcompaniesareworkingondevicesandappsthatcouldtranslatewhatanimalssay.OnesuchappiscalledMeowTalk.Usingvoicerecognitionsoftware,thisapprecognizesdifferentsoundsacatmakesandoffersEnglishtranslationsofthem.Forexample,onetypeofsoundmightmean“feedme”whileanothercouldbetranslated“letmeoutside.”Theappcanusemachinelearningtoassessitstranslationsandimproveatrecognizingoneparticularcat’svoice.Inotherwords,itcan___12___inunderstandingyourcatinparticular.Thisisimportantbecausecatsdonotallhavea(n)___13___language,butindividualcatsfrequentlyuseparticularsoundstomeancertainthings.Inthefuture,MeowTalkcouldconnecttoasmartcollarthatwouldhearthecatmeowandplaythetranslationoutloud.Perhapsifthecatisoutsideandneedstobeletin,itcouldevensend___14___totheowner’sphone.Fordogs,aJapanesecompanycalledInupathyhasdevelopedaharness(保护带)withaheartratemonitorandanapp.Theheartratemonitorisusedtoassessadog’s___15___.Thisispossiblebecause,likehumans,dogs’heartratesgoupwhentheyareexcitedor___16___.Theharnessalsohasalightthatturnsredwhenthedogisexcited,butwhenthedogisrelaxed,thelightisblue.Themostobvioususeofthistechnologyistohelppetowners___17___withandprovidefortheirpetsbetter.Themoreownersknowabouttheirpets,theeasieritistomeettheirneeds.Thereareother___18___oftechnologythathelpusunderstandanimals.Forexample,somesheepfarmersareusingartificialintelligencetoscananddetermineiftheyareinpain,whichhelpsthemfindoutsickanimals.Asaresult,theycan___19___morequicklytotreattheanimal.Anyonewhointeractsregularlywithanimalscouldbenefitfromunderstandingtheiranimalsbetter.Thusthese___20___developmentsmighttransformthewayweinteractwiththecreaturesaroundus.三、完形填空It’slongbeenknownthatsugarydrinkshelppeoplepackonunwantedkilograms.Butnewresearchsuggeststhat___21___drinksandeven100%fruitjuicemightraiseyourriskforsomecancers.Thestudycouldn’tprovecauseandeffect,butitfoundthatdrinkingaslittleas90-120mlofsugarydrinkseachdaywas___22___toan18%riseinoverallriskforcancer.ThenewstudywasledbyMathildeTouvier,researchdirectorattheUniversityofParis.Herteamcollecteddataonmorethan100,000Frenchmenandwomen,averageage42,whotookpartinanational___23___.Theparticipantsansweredquestionsabouthowmuchof3,300differentfoodsanddrinkstheyconsumedeachday,andwere___24___foruptonineyears.Thestudyuncoveredlinksbetweentheconsumptionofsugarydrinksandtheriskofcancer___25___,andforbreastcancerspecifically.Theinvestigatorsfoundnoassociationbetweensugarydrinksandprostateorcoloncancers(前列腺或结肠癌),buttheauthorsstressedthattoofewpeopleinthestudydevelopedthesecancerstomakethisfinding___26___.Theresearch___27___nolinksbetweendietsodas(无糖汽水)andcancer,althoughmorestudyisneededtoconfirmthat,theauthorsnoted.Theconnectionbetweensugarydrinksandcancerremainedthesameevenaftertheteam___28___forage,sex,educationallevel,familyhistoryofcancer,smokingandphysicalactivity,theresearcherssaid.So,whythe___29___?AccordingtoTouvier’steam,high-caloriedrinksmayraisecancerriskbecausesugarhelpsbuildbodyfat,inadditiontoraisingbloodsugarlevelsandinflammation(发炎)—allofwhicharerisk___30___forcancer.It’salsopossiblethatchemicalsfoundinthesedrinksmightplayapartin___31___cancerrisk,theresearcherstheorized.Agrouprepresentingthedrinksindustrysaidsugarydrinkscanstillbeapartofthe___32___diet,however.Inastatement,theAmericanBeverageAssociationsaid:“It’simportantforpeopletoknowthatalldrinks—eitherwithsugarorwithout—are___33___toconsumeaspartofabalanceddiet.America’sleadingdrinkscompaniesareworkingtogethertosupportconsumers’effortsto___34___thesugartheyconsumefromourdrinksbyprovidingmorechoiceswithlesssugarorzerosugar,smallerpackagesizesandclearcalorieinformationrightupfront.”SamanthaHellerisaseniorclinicalnutritionistatNYULangoneMedicalCenterinNewYorkCity.Shesaidshewasn’t___35___bythefindings.Shenotedthat,fordecades,thesedrinkshavebeenlinkedwithdiseasessuchasheartdisease.Ontheotherhand,“mostofusshouldbedrinkingmorewaterthanwedo,”Hellersaid.21．A．iced B．mineral C．bottled D．sweetened22．A．tied B．devoted C．reduced D．limited23．A．game B．study C．ceremony D．examination24．A．checked B．caged C．occupied D．followed25．A．ingeneral B．withoutexception C．onthecontrary D．byaccident26．A．unreliable B．unexpected C．authoritative D．original27．A．uncovered B．anticipated C．established D．hid28．A．hunted B．adjusted C．prepared D．mounted29．A．research B．similarity C．connection D．impact30．A．behaviors B．assessments C．perceptions D．factors31．A．explaining B．increasing C．preventing D．predicting32．A．local B．nutritional C．average D．conventional33．A．safe B．impossible C．exceptional D．effective34．A．neutralize B．digest C．remove D．reduce35．A．annoyed B．surprised C．embarrassed D．delighted四、阅读理解Iwasputtingonmybootsjustnowinwhatthenovelistscall“abrownstudy.”Therewasnourgentreasonforputtingonmyboots.Iwasnotgoingout,andmyslippersweremuchmorecomfortable.Butsomethinghadtobedone.Iwantedasubjectforanarticle.Nowifyouareaccustomedtowritingarticlesforaliving,youwillknowthatsometimesthedifficultyisnotwritingthearticle,butchoosingasubject.Itisnotpovertyyousufferfrom,butanembarrassmentofriches.Butwhathasthistodowithputtingonmyboots?ItisareasonablequestionandIwilltellyou.ForanhourIhadpacedmyroominmyslippersinsearchofasubject.Ihadlookedoutofthewindowoverthesunlitvalley,andwatchedthesmokeofadistanttraindisappearingtowardsthewest.IhadsharpenedeverypencilIhadonmewithgreatcare.ButthemoreIsharpenedmypencils,themoreanxiousIgrewaboutthethemeforanarticle.ItwasatthismomentthatIrememberedmyboots.Theactofbendingmybodychangedthecurrentoftheblood.Yousawthingsinanewlight.SoIfetchedmybootsandsatdowntoputthemon.Thethingworkedlikeacharm.ForinmypreoccupiedconditionIpickedupmyrightbootfirst.ThenmechanicallyIputitdownandseizedtheleftboot.AndthenthefactflashedonmethatallmylifeIhadbeenputtingonmyleftbootfirst.IfyouhadaskedmefiveminutesbeforewhichbootIputonfirst,Ishouldhavesaidthattherewasnofirstaboutit;yetnowIfoundIwasinahabitsofixedthattheattempttoputonmyrightbootfirstaffectedme.Thethingcouldn’tbedone.AndthencameintomymindthatfascinatingbookofSamuelButler’sonLifeandHabit.Yes,certainly,herewasasubjectthatwould“go.”Itookoutapencil,seizedsomewritingpaper,andsatdowntowriteon“TheForceofHabit.”36．By“Itisnotpovertyyousufferfrom,butanembarrassmentofriches.”inparagraph1,theauthormeans_____.A．somesubjectsaretoocomplicatedorembarrassingtowriteonB．povertyisnolongeraproblemnowadays,butembarrassmentisC．poorpeopledon’tencounterasmanyembarrassmentsastherichD．there’resomanysubjectsthatit’shardtodecidewhichtochoose37．Whydidtheauthorsharpenhispencilswithgreatcare?A．Tohelphimselfpromotethinking. B．Todrawwhathesawoutofthewindow.C．Towritehisarticlemoresmoothly. D．Torelievehimselfofanxietyaboutwriting.38．Puttingonthebootshelpedtheauthor_____.A．getridofhisfixedhabit B．lowerhisbloodpressureC．seethingsfromanewangle D．freehispreoccupiedmind39．Thepassageismainlyabouttheauthor’s_____.A．personalattitudetowardshabits B．dailyroutinesasaprofessionalwriterC．writingprocessofaspecialarticle D．decisionmakingonthethemeforanarticleHOWWEHELPisanindependenttherapy(治疗)directoryandinformationresourceforpeoplewhowanttoenhancetheirhealthandwellbeing.Ouraimistohelpyoufindprofessionalexpertstosupportyou,whatevertheissuesyouoryourfamilyaredealingwithinyourliferightnow.HowtofindatherapistorcoachusingTherearevariouswaystofindatherapist,counsellor(顾问)orcoachonandthebestroutewilldependonhowmuchhelpyouneed.Fromasimplepostcodesearchtoapersonalmatchingservice,wecanhelpyoufindtherightprofessionaltoseeinpersonoronline.QuicksearchIfyouknowwhattypeoftherapyortypeofcoachingyouarelookingfor,usethequicksearchoptionspagetosearchbytypeoftherapyorcoachingandthenpostcode.Youcanleavethelocationboxblanktosearchforonlinetherapistsandcoaches.Questionnaire(问卷)Ifyouaren’tsureexactlywhatyouarelookingfor,oureasy-to-usequestionnairewilltakeyouthroughahandfulofquestionstogiveyouthetopselectionsofsuitabletherapistsinyourareaofchoice.PersonalisedMatchingServiceShortontime,orsimplycan’tmakeupyourmind?Completeanextendedassessmentwhichiskeptsecretbeforebeingreviewedbyamentalhealthprofessional.Thereisachargeof£66forthispopularhigh-qualityservice.TherapytailoredtoyourindividualneedsSavetimeandmoneywithourPersonalisedMatchingServiceGetmatchedtotherighttherapist

Talkonline,byphoneorinperson

100%secretandsecureHowitworks1.TellusaboutyourselfAnswerafewquickquestionstohelpusmatchyoutotherighttherapistorcounsellorforyourneeds,budgetandgoals.Thiswillonlytake5minutes.2.WefindyourtherapistOurmentalhealthexpertwillreviewyourprofileandsearchourdatabaseofcertificatedprofessionalstofindthetherapistwhobestfitsyourrequirements.3.WebookasessionOncethematchisapproved,we'llmakeabookingthatsuitsyou.Andifyouarenothappywithyourfirstsession,we'llfindanothermatchforfree.Ifwedon'tfindyourperfectmatchwithin5attempts,yougetyourmoneyback.40．Thewebsitemainlyaimsto_____.A．guidepeopletofindsuitableexpertstoimprovewelfareB．helppeoplefindouttheirownpersonalisedrequirementsC．offerpeoplegoodapproachestodealingwithfamilyissuesD．provideinformationonhowtoenhancehealthandwellbeing41．Thewebsiteprovides_____optionsforpeopletochoosefromtogetwhattheyneed.A．one B．two C．three D．four42．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthepersonalisedmatchingservice?A．Youneedtopay66poundstothetailoredtherapistfortheservice.B．Youcanclaimarefundifyoufailtofindasatisfyingmatchafter5attempts.C．Thematchesarearrangedbycertificatedprofessionalstoyourspecialneeds.D．Theresultofyourassessmentwillbekeptsecretfromthematchedtherapist.Gentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreasessubstantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantlyenhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest.“Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafenon-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,”saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattenuatingnormalage-relatedmemorydecline,”saidZee.Zeeandateamofresearchersgathered13adults,60andolder,andmonitoredtheirsleepinalabfortwonights.Onbothnights,theparticipantstookamemorytest,wenttobedwhilewearingheadphonesandaspecialcap,andtookanothermemorytestinthemorning.Butwithouttheparticipants’awareness,researchersonlyplayedpinknoiseintotheheadphonesononenight.Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.Thesystemtheyemployedinthestudyallowedtheteamtodeliveralowburstofpinknoiseatthe“precisemoment”whentheparticipants’slowwavesrose—apatternthatisuniquetoeachperson.Thestudyfoundthatparticipants’slowwavesincreasedafterthenightofsoundstimulation,suggestingthattheyweregettingmoredeepsleep.Andonthemorningafterhearingpinknoise,theyperformedthreetimesbetteronmemoryteststhantheydidaftersleepingwithoutanysoundstimulation.Previousresearchshowedpinknoiseduringdeepsleepcouldimprovememoryconsolidationinyoungpeople.Butithasnotbeentestedinolderadults.Thenewstudytargetedolderindividualsandusedanovelsoundsystemthatincreasedtheeffectivenessofthesoundstimulationinolderpopulations.Thestudywasarelativelysmallone,sofurtherresearchisneededtoconfirmitsfindingsandtostudyhowlonger-termuseofpinknoiseaffectssleep.ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.43．Thenewstudymainlyrevealsthat_____.A．deepsleepconsolidatesoldadults’memoryB．pinknoiseboostsmemoryamongtheelderlyC．sleepdisordersplayakeyroleinmemorylossD．soundstimulationincreasesthelengthofsleep44．Theword“attenuating”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.A．worsening B．reversing C．slowingdown D．bringingabout45．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewstudy?A．Itemployedasoundsystemprogrammedinstepwithbrainwaves.B．Itcomparedtheeffectsonolderadultsandonyoungerpopulations.C．Itrepeatedtheexperimentseveraltimeswithouttheparticipants’notice.D．Itadjustedtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillationstomatchthestimulations.46．Itcanbeinferredthattheapproachusedinthestudy_____.A．mayputoldadultsinriskinthelongrunB．hasthepotentialtobeappliedinpracticeC．requiresaninnovativeandaffordabledeviceD．needsNorthwestern’spatentforconfirmation五、六选四Trash-EatingRobotsIthasbecomecommonknowledgethatouroceansarefilledwithgarbage.Brokenobjects,usedplasticbottlesandsoonfillourbeachesandcovertheoceanfloor,doingimmensedamagetooceancreatures.Manyindividualsandorganizationsareworkingtoremovethisgarbageandrecenttechnologicaldevelopmentshavegiventhemanewtooltodoso:trash-eatingrobots.Robotsofvariousshapeshavebeendesignedtocollectgarbagethattheyfindfloatingintheocean.Forexample,theFrenchcompanyIADYShasdevelopedwhatitcallsthejellyfishbot._____47_____Thejellyfishbotisremotelycontrolledandcancleanupto1,000squaremetersperhour.Itcontainsanetthatcanholdupto30liters.Thejellyfishbots’smallsizeandabilitytobeeasilycontrolledmakethemidealforcleaningupcrowdedareassuchasports._____48_____Designedforuseonrivers,theInterceptorlookslikeaboatwithaconveyorbeltthatpicksuptrash.AshallowbarrierattachedtotheInterceptorguidesfloatingtrashtotheconveyorbelt,butfishcanswimunderitsafely.Onceasensorindicatesthatthedustbinsarefull,theInterceptorautomaticallysendsatextmessagetoonshoreoperators.Theseoperatorscollectandemptythedustbins,sendingthegarbagetolocalwastemanagementfacilities.Mostofthegarbageintheoceanscomesdownrivers._____49_____HencetheInterceptorisusedtostoppollutionbeforeitenterstheocean.TheInterceptoriscompletelysolar-poweredandoperatesonitsown,whichminimizestheneedforhumaninvolvement.Robotsareabletocleanuplargeamountsofgarbagewithouthumansstrugglingwithbeachcleanupbyhand._____50_____A．Itisn’tjustaboutremovingthegarbagefromtheocean’ssurface.B．Hopefully,theycanbeabigpartofthesolutiontooceanpollution.C．Thissmallrobotgathersupeverythingitencounters,includinggasolineandoil.D．Forlarger,moreopenareas,amuchlargerrobotcalledtheInterceptorhasasimilarfunction.E．Ifallgoeswell,they’rehopingtoexpandthenumberofrobotsandtakethetechnologytootherwaterwaysinneedofcleanup.F．Cleaninguptrashthatlitterstheoceanisgood,buttokeeptheoceansclean,newgarbagemustbestoppedfromgettingthere.六、概要写作51．Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheDunning-KrugerEffectIn1999,socialpsychologistsDavidDunningandJustinKrugerdidaseriesofstudiesevaluatingpeople’scompetenceincertainareas.Thepeopleinthestudieswerealsoaskedtoevaluatetheirownabilitiesineacharea.DunningandKrugerfoundthatpeoplewhoscoredverylowonthetesttendedtooverestimatetheirabilities.Laterresearchhasindicatedthatasimilarprincipleappliestootherareasaswell.ThisprinciplehasbecomeknownastheDunning-Krugereffectaftertheresearcherswhodiscoveredit.TheDunning-Krugereffectoccursbecauseonlywhenpeoplehaveskillsinagivenareaaretheyequippedtoevaluatetheirownskills.Forexample,insomesituationsittakesascientisttorecognizebadscience.TheoppositeoftheDunning-Krugereffectalsohappens:capablepeoplehaveamoreaccurateviewoftheirownabilities,andsometimestheyevenunderestimatethemselves.Anextremecaseofthiswouldbeimpostorsyndrome,whichiswhenaskilledpersonfeelsasiftheyarefakingtheirskillsdespiteknowingwhattheyaredoing.It’stemptingtothinkoftheDunning-Krugereffectasaproblemthatotherpeoplehave.Peoplemayevenlaughatthosewhothinkthemselvesmorecompetentthantheyare.Buteveryonehasareaswheretheylackcompetence—andtheDunning-Krugereffectmeanstheymaybeespeciallybadatidentifyingthoseareas.Evenifsomeoneisveryintelligentingeneral,therearestillthingstheydon’tknowmuchabout.Expertise(专业知识)inoneareacannotalwaysbetransferredtootherareas.That’swhyit’simportanttokeepdiggingforinformationevenwhenyouthinkyou’vefoundanswers.Itcanalsobehelpfultocheckyourideaswithotherpeople.Receivingnegativefeedbackcanhurt,butifyou’rewillingtolisten,itcanhelpyougrow.EvenjustkeepinginmindthattheDunning-Krugereffectexistscanhelpyoustayhumble,acceptcriticismand,thus,keeplearningthroughoutyourlife._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．我忽然想起把同桌的围巾忘家里了。(It)(汉译英)53．当你遇到一连串棘手问题时，要沉住气，并好好想想如何解决。(encounter)(汉译英)54．看着这些老物件，这个接连失去亲人的老人感觉往事历历在目，不禁潸然泪下。(can’thelp)(汉译英)55．在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness)(汉译英)八、感谢信/祝贺信56．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生徐晶，你校的英文报向即将毕业的高三学生征文，给高中三年来最值得你