新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3TheInternetSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案新人教版必修第二册

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时的被动语态语法导图语法讲练现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构确定句主语＋have/hasbeendone...否定句主语＋have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问句Have/Has＋主语＋beendone...？特别疑问句疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋beendone...？D典例呈现Thenewly-builthospitalshavebeencloseddownaftermorethan12,000patientshavebeentreatedsuccessfully.在12000多名病人得到胜利治疗后，新建的医院已经关闭。AsfarasIknow，thisbookhasn'tbeentranslatedintoChineseyet.就我所知，这本书还没有被译成中文。Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?新的订票系统已经被运用了吗？Howlonghasthebatteryofthehearingaidnotbeenchanged?助听器的电池多久没有更换了？J即学即练1句型转换Aftermorethanamonth'shardfight，Chinahaspreventedthediseasefromspreadingacrossthewholecountry.(1)Aftermorethanamonth'shardfight,thediseasehasbeenpreventedfromspreadingacrossthewholecountry.(改为被动语态)(2)Aftermorethanamonth'shardfight，thediseasehasn'tbeenpreventedfromspreadingacrossthewholecountry.(把句(1)改为否定句)(3)Hasthediseasebeenpreventedfromspreadingacrossthewholecountryaftermorethanamonth'shardfight？(把句(1)改为一般疑问句)(4)Whathasbeenpreventedfromspreadingacrossthewholecountryaftermorethanamonth'shardfight？(对句(1)就thedisease进行提问)二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词刚好间状语sofar，bynow，uptillnow，before...等连用D典例呈现ThebookThelittlePrincehasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.《小王子》一书被译成多种语言。Theseflowershavealreadybeenwatereduptonow,soyoucangohome.这些花目前已经浇过水了，你可以回家了。Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。Enoughhasbeensaidhereonthisquestionofcyberbullying.关于网络霸凌这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态起先于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong...？句型中D典例呈现Theproblemofthewaterpollutioninthisareahasbeendiscussedfornearlytwoweeks.这个地区的水污染问题已经探讨了近两个星期了。Howlonghasthesmartwatchbeenused?这个智能手表已经运用了多久？3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已被完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态D典例呈现Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应当离开学校。J即学即练2用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Manyoftheworld'sgreatestcitieshavebeenbuilt(build)onthebanksofariver.(2)Thewashingmachinehasbeenrepaired(repair)fortwohours.(3)Thefather,alongwithhisfourchildren,hasgonetoHangzhou.Whentheywillbebackhasnotbeenfixed(fix)．三、现在完成时的被动语态的留意事项1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区分一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的状况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在状况的联系。D典例呈现Thebridge,joinedtothetwoseparateislands,wasbuiltlastyear.这座连接了两个独立岛屿的桥是去年建立的。Thebridge，joinedtothetwoseparateislands，hasbeenbuilt.这座连接到两个独立岛屿的桥已经建成。2．非持续性动词的被动语态的特别改变非持续性动词如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。D典例呈现Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作于两周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.这项工作已经被完成。AgreatmanycitiesoffthecoastofChinahavebeenopenedtoforeigncountries.很多中国沿海城市已经对外开放。3．带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。留意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。D典例呈现Ihavetoldmyfriendstohelpyou.我已经告知我的挚友帮助你。→Myfriendshavebeentoldtohelpyou.我的挚友被告知要帮助你。Theteacherhasallowedthestudentstohandintheirpaperslaterthanexpected.老师允许学生迟交论文。→Thestudentshavebeenallowedtohandintheirpaperslaterthanexpected.学生们被允许迟交论文。4．带有双宾语动词的被动语态如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将干脆宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。D典例呈现Theteacherhasgiventhenewboythetextbook.老师给了新来的男孩教科书。→Thenewboyhasbeengiventhetextbook.这新来的男孩被给了教科书。→Thetextbookhasbeengiventothenewboy.教科书已给了这个新来的男孩。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.最近公司给了他一个出国的机会。→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany)．最近他被公司给了一个出国工作的机会。→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany)．最近一个出国工作的机会被公司给了他。5．带动词短语的被动语态是一个不行分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不行省略。D典例呈现Itissaidthatthecaseofbreakingthewindowsofcarshasbeenlookedinto.据说打破车窗的案子已经调查过了。Quiteafewtallbuildingshavebeenputupinthelasttwoyears.过去两年里建了不少高楼。J即学即练3用被动语态改写句子(1)Withthehelpofhightechnology,wehavediscoveredmoreandmorenewsubstancesinthepastfewyears.→Withthehelpofhightechnology，moreandmorenewsubstanceshavebeendiscoveredinthepastfewyears.(2)MypenfriendinAmericahassentmeane-mailbynow.→Ane-mailfrommypenfriendinAmericahasbeensenttomebynow.(3)Theyhaveaskedhimsomedifficultquestions.→Hehasbeenaskedsomedifficultquestionsbythem.(4)Tomhasgivenmetwoticketsforthenewplay.Wouldyouliketogowithme?→Ihavebeengiventwoticketsforthenewplay.Wouldyouliketogowithme？(5)Hisparentshasmadetheyoungboyworkhardatschool.→Theyoungboyhasbeenmadetoworkhardatschoolbyhisparents.专项练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.2．Shakespeare'splayHamlethasbeenmade(make)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.3．Sofaraboutfivethousandtreeshavebeenplanted(plant)aroundourvillage.4．Thediamondminewasdiscovered(discover)accidentallybyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.5．Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinthepast10years.6．Althoughbothsideshavebeenmakingefforts,noconclusionhasbeendrawn(draw)uptonow.7．Thatbookhasbeentranslated(translate)intoatleast20foreignlanguagesinthelast10years.8．It'sthefirsttimethattheoldcomputerhasbeenchecked(check)sinceIboughtit.9．Doyouknowanyonethathasbeenput(put)intospacerocketsandsent(send)toexploretheMoonandMarssincelastcentury?10．WearegladtobetoldthatLiTaohasbeenadmitted(admit)toFudanUniversityforhistopscoreintheMathsContest.Ⅱ.依据汉语提示完成句子1．Howmanyworkershavebeensent(已派遣)tobuildtherailway?2．—WhydoesMarylooksounhappy?—Becauseshehasbeenlaughedat(被讪笑)byherclassmates.3．Itissaidthatthehousehasbeenbrokeninto(闯进了)bytwothieves.4．Thetwopenshavenotbeentakenaway(未被拿走)byhim.5．Wherehasthetelevisionbeenrepaired(被修理了)?6．ThepriceofacolorTVsethasbeenbroughtdown(降价了)again.7．Whathasbeentranslated(已被译成)intomanyforeignlanguages?8．Thebuildingshavebeendestroyed(已经被毁)intheearthquake.9．Theproblemhasnotbeensolved(尚未被解决)byusyet.10．Thecomputershavebeengivenaway(已被赠送)toalocalschoolbythecompany.Ⅲ.语法主题应用李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面，他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的状况。请依据语境，用相应的时态完成下面对话。LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents1.havebeenworking(work)i