完形填空句组和语篇层次题-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项

完形填空之句组层次题———三大解题技巧句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。三大解题技巧：一、利用词语复现解题二、利用作者的态度或感情色彩解题三、利用前后语境解题技巧一：利用词语复现解题词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。[真题典例][典例1]原词复现(2022·浙江1月卷·片段)WhenBeverleyBurdeyneyturnedseventy­fourlastyear，shestartedhavingproblemswithher36，notablydrynessanddiscomfort....Eventually，Ms.Burdeyneylearnedaboutplansforaneyeresearch43.programatTelAvivUniversityinIsrael.36．A.throatB．skinC．lungsD．eyes[题目试做]36.__________eye原词复现【2022·全国甲】WhenIfirstdatedSteve,Ilearnedhehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack___46___,thecat.46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据上文的“hehadadog,Molly,andacar,Flora(他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。Flora--Flora原词复现【2022·新高考I卷】Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we___22___alongChalkCreek.22.A.campedB.droveC.walked D.cycled考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A.camped露营；B.drove开车；C.walked散步；D.cycled骑自行车。根据上文“Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。camping---camped原词复现[典例2]同义词复现(2021·天津3月卷·片段)Formostpeople，havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough，his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration，hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead．16．A.amazedB．madC．curiousD．frightenedmad---anger同义词复现【2022·新高考I卷】Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenweheadedoff,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequicklyinterruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.The___29___pickedupandthunderrolled.29.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A.wind风；B.noise噪音；C.temperature温度；D.speed速度。根据上文“stormsmoveinfastinthemountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。storms--wind同义词复现(2019•新课标全国卷I)Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.The___42___mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.42.A.storiesB.buildingsC.crowdsD.reporters句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故选C。people--crowds同义词复现[典例3]反义词复现(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·片段)Our48.rolesinthefactoryweresimple：Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.49.Removebunnyfromthebelt.Thiswas50thanitsounds.51.Slowdownabitandthecakespileup.AsItoldmyparentsatdinnerthatfirstnight，itwasallalittlemorehigh­pressurethanI'd52.expected．50．A.harderB．betterC．longerD．cheaperharder---simple反义词复现【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensivevacation,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel___23___.23．A．safeB．busyC．helpfulD．affordable句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。expensive--affordable反义词复现(2023·全国乙卷)“I'mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople，”shesaid.“I'mreadyto60．”Andshineshedid.A．shine B．flyC．danceD．score本题可以利用下义词复现解题。根据下一句“Andshineshedid.”的提示可知。shine上下义词复现【2021·全国高考乙卷】Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa41justafewweeksago...asshewasleavingshewaseagertosaygoodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.A．cleanerB．chemist C．nurse D．doctornurse----nursing同根词复现在完形填空解题过程中，我们应在第一遍快速阅读文章的过程中，标出能够反映作者态度或感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时的重要参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。技巧二：利用作者的态度或感情色彩解题[真题典例](2023·全国乙卷·片段)TobecometheOlympicchampionintheindividual(个人)all­aroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingshe41.knewbest.Shehadto42.packupherbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay43.goodbyetohertwodogsandtothebeach,whereshelovedto44.ridewavesonherboard.Butitwas45.timetotaketheleap(飞跃),however46itwouldbe.46．A.breathtakingB．heartbreakingC．eye­catchingD．head­spinning[题目试做]46.____________►解题分析本题可利用作者的态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据上文提到的GabbyDouglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心的。(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)WhenImetTiffy'sowners，theyseemedvery47．George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm，butIcouldtellthiswashardforhim，havingtoleavehisdogtoastrangerandtrustthateverythingwouldworkout．47．A．confusedB．nervousC．annoyedD．curious可以利用感情色彩关联解本题。根据下文的“George，thehusband，wastryingtobecalm...”可知，当作者见到Tiffy的主人们的时候，他们非常紧张。技巧三：利用上下文语境解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句组层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。[真题典例](2021·浙江1月卷·片段)IwassenttotheCoronadoNationalForestformyfirst8­day42.project.Wehadto43everythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.Itmaynotseemlikea44waybutin35℃heatandwithaheavypack，mylegswereonfire.43．A.dropB．makeC．carryD．buy44．A.niceB．safeC．longD．quick[题目试做]43.__________44.____________(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)InAprillastyear，IsawapostonthePNP(PilotsNPaws)websitefromafamilyinTopeka.TheyhadtomovetoVirginiabuttheywereonaverytightbudget．Theycouldnotaffordtopayfor42fortheirdog，Tiffy，anddesperatelywantedtotakeherwiththem.42．A．foodB．shelterC.medicineD．transportation利用语境暗示分析法解本题。根据上文的“TheyhadtomovetoVirginia...”以及下文的“...wantedtotakeherwiththem.”可知，这家人想要带上宠物狗一起搬到弗吉尼亚，但是由于预算非常紧张，负担不起狗的运输费用。完形填空之语篇层次题语篇层次题是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。技巧一：利用首尾呼应关系解题完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答这类题目。叙事类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一件事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写作手法，通过文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。[真题典例](2022·全国甲卷)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs....Thenextweekwe47.walkedourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour48.breath，Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)？Ilikedhimtoo，butso49.soon？Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.50.Inthatmoment，Ibegantofallforhim.Ayearlater，muchtomy58.delight，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI59.needhimto.That'sonlyforgiving60tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.60．A.toysB．awardsC．food D．water(2023·全国甲卷)Manyyearsago，IboughtahouseintheGarfagnana，wherewestillgoeverysummer.Thefirsttimewestayedthere，weheardthechug-chug-chugofamotorbikemakingitswaydownthehilltowardus.ItwasaneighborcalledMario，comingtobringusaboxcontainingsometomatoesandabottleofwine.…WhatMariohad60uswasthetasteoftheGarfagnana.60.A．cooked B．givenC．bought D．told利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据第一段所给信息可推知，马里奥给作者一家的是Garfagnana的味道。技巧二：利用文章发展脉络解题叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括：开端→故事发展→高潮→结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。[真题典例](2021·浙江1月卷·片段)Myjobwasto45.build

astairwayoutofrock.This46.meantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(栖息)bymountainlions，althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard，never47.seen．Threedayslater，abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The48ofknowingthatmy49willbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.48．A.satisfactionB．ambitionC．expectationD．intention49．A.workB．memoryC．recordD．story[题目试做]48.__________49.____