药品生产质量管理规范 (1)全文

药品生产质量管理规范2目录1总则组织与人员厂房与设施设备成份、药品容器和密封件的控制生产和加工控制5组织与人员211.22质量控制部门的职责211.25人员资质211.28人员职责211.34顾问6Sec.211.22Responsibilitiesofqualitycontrolunit.Thereshallbeaqualitycontrolunitthatshallhavetheresponsibilityandauthoritytoapproveorrejectallcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,in-processmaterials,packagingmaterial,labeling,anddrugproducts,andtheauthoritytoreviewproductionrecordstoassurethatnoerrorshaveoccurredor,iferrorshaveoccurred,thattheyhavebeenfullyinvestigated.Thequalitycontrolunitshallberesponsibleforapprovingorrejectingdrugproductsmanufactured,processed,packed,orheldundercontractbyanothercompanyAdequatelaboratoryfacilitiesforthetestingandapproval(orrejection)ofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,packagingmaterials,in-processmaterials,anddrugproductsshallbeavailabletothequalitycontrolunit.Thequalitycontrolunitshallhavetheresponsibilityforapprovingorrejectingallproceduresorspecificationsimpactingontheidentity,strength,quality,andpurityofthedrugproduct.Theresponsibilitiesandproceduresapplicabletothequalitycontrolunitshallbeinwriting;suchwrittenproceduresshallbefollowed.7211.22质量控制部门的职责批准和拒收所有药用成份、药品包装容器、包装密封物、中间体、包装材料、标签及药品具有复查生产记录的权力负责根据合同，批准或拒收由其它公司,生产、加工、包装或贮存的产品。适当的实验室检验设备、批准（或拒收）的各种成份、药品容器、密封件、包装材料及药品，批准或驳回影响药品的均一性、效价或含量、质量及纯度的所有程序和/或规格标准适用于本部门的职责与程序，应成文字材料，并应遵循。8Sec.211.25Personnelqualifications.Eachpersonengagedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallhaveeducation,training,andexperience,oranycombinationthereof,toenablethatpersontoperformtheassignedfunctions.Trainingshallbeintheparticularoperationsthattheemployeeperformsandincurrentgoodmanufacturingpractice(includingthecurrentgoodmanufacturingpracticeregulationsinthischapterandwrittenproceduresrequiredbytheseregulations)astheyrelatetotheemployee'sfunctions.TrainingincurrentgoodmanufacturingpracticeshallbeconductedbyqualifiedindividualsonacontinuingbasisandwithsufficientfrequencytoassurethatemployeesremainfamiliarwithCGMPrequirementsapplicabletothem.Eachpersonresponsibleforsupervisingthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallhavetheeducation,training,andexperience,oranycombinationthereof,toperformassignedfunctionsinsuchamannerastoprovideassurancethatthedrugproducthasthesafety,identity,strength,quality,andpuritythatitpurportsorisrepresentedtopossess.Thereshallbeanadequatenumberofqualifiedpersonneltoperformandsupervisethemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofeachdrugproduct9211.25人员资格从事药品生产、加工，包装或仓贮工作的人员，应接受培训、教育及有实践经验，具有完成委派的各项任务的职责。有称职的CGMP的培训师,提供充分的培训.

负责监督药品的生产、加工、包装或仓贮工作的每一个人员，应受教育、培训及有经验，具有完成委派的各项任务的职责。有足够量执行和监督每种药品的生产、加工、包装或仓贮的合格人员。10Sec.211.28Personnelresponsibilities.Personnelengagedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallwearcleanclothingappropriateforthedutiestheyperform.Protectiveapparel,suchashead,face,hand,andarmcoverings,shallbewornasnecessarytoprotectdrugproductsfromcontamination.Personnelshallpracticegoodsanitationandhealthhabits.Onlypersonnelauthorizedbysupervisorypersonnelshallenterthoseareasofthebuildingsandfacilitiesdesignatedaslimited-accessareas.Anypersonshownatanytime(eitherbymedicalexaminationorsupervisoryobservation)tohaveanapparentillnessoropenlesionsthatmayadverselyaffectthesafetyorqualityofdrugproductsshallbeexcludedfromdirectcontactwithcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,in-processmaterials,anddrugproductsuntiltheconditioniscorrectedordeterminedbycompetentmedicalpersonnelnottojeopardizethesafetyorqualityofdrugproducts.Allpersonnelshallbeinstructedtoreporttosupervisorypersonnelanyhealthconditionsthatmayhaveanadverseeffectondrugproducts.11211·28人员职责从事药品生产、加工、包装或仓贮的人员，应穿着适合于其履行职责的清洁衣服。人员保持良好的个人卫生和健康。未经监督人员允许，其他人不能进入限制进入的建筑物和设施。12211·28人员职责任何人，在任何时间，明显地表现出带有影响药品安全性和质量的疾病或开放性损伤，应避免接触各种成份、药品容器、包装设备、密封件、中间体，直至病愈或经医学测定认为对药品安全性及质量无危害性时为止。

教育所有人员，报告监督人员对药品有不利影响的健康情况13Sec.211.34Consultants

Consultantsadvisingonthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofdrugproductsshallhavesufficienteducation,training,andexperience,oranycombinationthereof,toadviseonthesubjectforwhichtheyareretained.Recordsshallbemaintainedstatingthename,address,andqualificationsofanyconsultantsandthetypeofservicetheyprovide.14211·34顾问受过足够的教育，培训，且有丰富的实践经验。保留他们的姓名、地址、任何的顾问资格及服务形式等履历资料顾问应对药品生产、加工、包装或仓贮提出建议，并保存记录.15厂房与设施211.42设计与建造211.44照明211.46通风、空气过滤、加热与冷却211.48排水211.50污水和废料211.52洗涤和盥洗设备211.56卫生211.58维护Sec.211.42Designandconstructionfeatures.Anybuildingorbuildingsusedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallbeofsuitablesize,constructionandlocationtofacilitatecleaning,maintenance,andproperoperations.Anysuchbuildingshallhaveadequatespacefortheorderlyplacementofequipmentandmaterialstopreventmixupsbetweendifferentcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,labeling,in-processmaterials,ordrugproducts,andtopreventcontamination.Theflowofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,labeling,in-processmaterials,anddrugproductsthroughthebuildingorbuildingsshallbedesignedtopreventcontamination.16Sec.211.42Designandconstructionfeatures.Operationsshallbeperformedwithinspecificallydefinedareasofadequatesize.Thereshallbeseparateordefinedareasorsuchothercontrolsystemsforthefirm'soperationsasarenecessarytopreventcontaminationormixupsduringthecourseofthefollowingprocedures:(1)Receipt,identification,storage,andwithholdingfromuseofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,andlabeling,pendingtheappropriatesampling,testing,orexaminationbythequalitycontrolunitbeforereleaseformanufacturingorpackaging;(2)Holdingrejectedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,andlabelingbeforedisposition;(3)Storageofreleasedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,andlabeling;(4)Storageofin-processmaterials;(5)Manufacturingandprocessingoperations;(6)Packagingandlabelingoperations;(7)Quarantinestoragebeforereleaseofdrugproducts;(8)Storageofdrugproductsafterrelease;(9)Controlandlaboratoryoperations;17Sec.211.42Designandconstructionfeatures.(10)Asepticprocessing,whichincludesasappropriate:(i)Floors,walls,andceilingsofsmooth,hardsurfacesthatareeasilycleanable;(ii)Temperatureandhumiditycontrols;(iii)Anairsupplyfilteredthroughhigh-efficiencyparticulateairfiltersunderpositivepressure,regardlessofwhetherflowislaminarornonlaminar;(iv)Asystemformonitoringenvironmentalconditions;(v)Asystemforcleaninganddisinfectingtheroomandequipmenttoproduceasepticconditions;(vi)Asystemformaintaininganyequipmentusedtocontroltheasepticconditions.(d)Operationsrelatingtothemanufacture,processing,andpackingofpenicillinshallbeperformedinfacilitiesseparatefromthoseusedforotherdrugproductsforhumanuse.1819211.42设计与建造用于药品生产、加工、包装或贮存的厂房或建筑群,大小适宜,易于清洁、保养、适合操作。建筑物有足够空间安装设备和放置材料，避免相互混放，防止污染。物料流向在设计时要防止污染。20211.42设计与建造操作应在明确规定的、大小适宜的区域内进行。分隔区域，以防污染。下列操作须在单独的地区内进行：发放给生产或包装前，质量控制部门取样期间，成份、药品容器、密封件及标签的签收、鉴别、贮存及拒收。在处理前，拒收的成份、药品容器、密封件及标签的贮存。已发放的成份、药品容器、密封件及标签的贮存。中间体的贮存。21211.42设计与建造下列操作须在单独的地区内进行（续）：生产与加工操作。包装和贴标签操作。药品发放前的隔离贮存。发放后药品的贮存。控制与实验室操作。Sec.211.44Lighting.Adequatelightingshallbeprovidedinallareas.2223211·44照明所有地区均须充足的照明Sec.211.46

Adequateventilationshallbeprovided.Equipmentforadequatecontroloverairpressure,micro-organisms,dust,humidity,andtemperatureshallbeprovidedwhenappropriateforthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproduct.Airfiltrationsystems,includingprefiltersandparticulatematterairfilters,shallbeusedwhenappropriateonairsuppliestoproductionareas.Ifairisrecirculatedtoproductionareas,measuresshallbetakentocontrolrecirculationofdustfromproduction.Inareaswhereaircontaminationoccursduringproduction,thereshallbeadequateexhaustsystemsorothersystemsadequatetocontrolcontaminants.Air-handlingsystemsforthemanufacture,processing,andpackingofpenicillinshallbecompletelyseparatefromthoseforotherdrugproductsforhumanuse.24Ventilation,airfiltration,airheatingandcooling.25211·46通风、空气过滤、空气加热与冷却提供足够的通风。设备足够控制空气正压、微生物、尘土、湿度和温度，适应药品生产、加工和贮存的需要。空气过滤系统，包括预过滤器和微粒物质空气过滤器。空气经过滤才送至生产区，如果空气是再循环到生产区，应测量尘埃含量。*在生产区，生产中发生空气污染，应以排气系统或其他系统充分抽出空气，控制污染。Sec.211.48Plumbing.Potablewatershallbesuppliedundercontinuouspositivepressureinaplumbingsystemfreeofdefectsthatcouldcontributecontaminationtoanydrugproduct.PotablewatershallmeetthestandardsprescribedintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulationssetforthin40CFRpart141.Waternotmeetingsuchstandardsshallnotbepermittedinthepotablewatersystem.Drainsshallbeofadequatesizeand,whereconnecteddirectlytoasewer,shallbeprovidedwithanairbreakorothermechanicaldevicetopreventback-siphonage.2627211·48排水在持续正压下，应对药品无污染的管道系统内供应饮用水。排水设备应有足够的大小，可直接连接排水管及安装防止虹吸倒流的空气破坏设备或其他机械设备。Sec.211.50Sewageandrefuse./

Sec.211.52Washingandtoiletfacilities.Sewage,trash,andotherrefuseinandfromthebuildingandimmediatepremisesshallbedisposedofinasafeandsanitarymanner.Adequatewashingfacilitiesshallbeprovided,includinghotandcoldwater,soapordetergent,airdriersorsingle-servicetowels,andcleantoiletfacilitieseasilyaccesibletoworkingareas.2829211·50/211·52污水和废料：来自厂房和附近建筑物的污水、垃圾及其他废料，用安全、卫生的方法处理。洗涤和盥洗设备：提供适当的洗涤设备，包括热、冷水、肥皂、清洁剂、空气干燥器或专用毛巾及易进入厕所的清洁设备。Sec.211.56Sanitation.Anybuildingusedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallbemaintainedinacleanandsanitarycondition,Anysuchbuildingshallbefreeofinfestationbyrodents,birds,insects,andothervermin(otherthanlaboratoryanimals).Trashandorganicwastemattershallbeheldanddisposedofinatimelyandsanitarymanner.Thereshallbewrittenproceduresassigningresponsibilityforsanitationanddescribinginsufficientdetailthecleaningschedules,methods,equipment,andmaterialstobeusedincleaningthebuildingsandfacilities;suchwrittenproceduresshallbefollowed.Thereshallbewrittenproceduresforuseofsuitablerodenticides,insecticides,fungicides,fumigatingagents,andcleaningandsanitizingagents.Suchwrittenproceduresshallbedesignedtopreventthecontaminationofequipment,components,drugproductcontainers,closures,packaging,labelingmaterials,ordrugproductsandshallbefollowed.Rodenticides,insecticides,andfungicidesshallnotbeusedunlessregisteredandusedinaccordancewiththeFederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct(7U.S.C.135).Sanitationproceduresshallapplytoworkperformedbycontractorsortemporaryemployeesaswellasworkperformedbyfull-timeemployeesduringtheordinarycourseofoperations.3031211·56卫生厂房应保持清洁、卫生的环境，且不受啮齿动物、鸟类、昆虫及其他害虫侵扰(实验动物除外)。填写分配卫生清洁任务和详细的清洁项目、方法、设备、用于清洁厂房和设施的材料的—览表。填写适用的杀鼠剂、杀昆虫剂、杀真菌剂、熏蒸剂、去垢剂和消毒剂一览表。防止它们对设备、成份、药品容器、密封件、包装材料、标签或药品污染。在平常的操作过程中，环境卫生工作应适于合同工或临时工及专职人员去完成。Sec.211.58Maintenance.Anybuildingusedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallbemaintainedinagoodstateofrepair.323321l·58维护任何用于药品生产、加工、包装或贮存的厂房应保持保养良好状态。34D.设备211.63设备的设计、尺寸及位置211.65设备构造211.67设备清洁与维护211.68自动化、机械化和电子化设备211.72过滤器Sec.211.63/Sec.211.65211.63Equipmentusedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproductshallbeofappropriatedesign,adequatesize,andsuitablylocatedtofacilitateoperationsforitsintendeduseandforitscleaningandmaintenance.211.65(a)Equipmentshallbeconstructedsothatsurfacesthatcontactcomponents,in-processmaterials,ordrugproductsshallnotbereactive,additive,orabsorptivesoastoalterthesafety,identity,strength,quality,orpurityofthedrugproductbeyondtheofficialorotherestablishedrequirements.(b)Anysubstancesrequiredforoperation,suchaslubricantsorcoolants,shallnotcomeintocontactwithcomponents,drugproductcontainers,closures,in-processmaterials,ordrugproductssoastoalterthesafety,identity,strength,quality,orpurityofthedrugproductbeyondtheofficialorotherestablishedrequirements.35Equipmentdesign,size,andlocation./Equipmentconstruction.36211.63/211·65211.63设备的设计、尺寸及位置设计合理，大小适当，布置合理，便于操作、清洁和保养。211·65设备制造设备表面与各种成分、中间体或药品接触，不产生化学反应和吸附作用。润滑剂、冷却剂等不能进入设备里，Sec.211.67Equipmentcleaningandmaintenance.Equipmentandutensilsshallbecleaned,maintained,andsanitizedatappropriateintervalstopreventmalfunctionsorcontaminationthatwouldalterthesafety,identity,strength,quality,orpurityofthedrugproductbeyondtheofficialorotherestablishedrequirements.Writtenproceduresshallbeestablishedandfollowedforcleaningandmaintenanceofequipment,includingutensils,usedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,orholdingofadrugproduct.Theseproceduresshallinclude,butarenotnecessarilylimitedto,thefollowing:(1)Assignmentofresponsibilityforcleaningandmaintainingequipment;(2)Maintenanceandcleaningschedules,including,whereappropriate,sanitizingschedules;(3)Adescriptioninsufficientdetailofthemethods,equipment,andmaterialsusedincleaningandmaintenanceoperations,andthemethodsofdisassemblingandreassemblingequipmentasnecessarytoassurepropercleaningandmaintenance;(4)Removalorobliterationofpreviousbatchidentification;(5)Protectionofcleanequipmentfromcontaminationpriortouse;(6)Inspectionofequipmentforcleanlinessimmediatelybeforeuse.(c)Recordsshallbekeptofmaintenance,cleaning,sanitizing,andinspectionasspecifiedin211.180and211.182.3738211·67设备清洁与保养相隔一定时间，对设备与工具进行清洁、保养和消毒，防止出故障与污染制订药品生产、加工、包装或贮存设备(包括用具)的清洁和保养文字程序,并执行：分配清洁，保养任务。保养和清洁细目一览表，包括消毒一览表。详细说明用于清洁和保养的设备、物品和方法。拆卸和装配设备的方法必须保证适合清洁和保养的要求。除去或擦去前批遗留物的鉴定。已清除了污染的清洁设备的保护。使用前检查清洁的设备。保留保养、清洁、消毒的记录。Sec.211.68Automatic,mechanical,orelectronicequipmentorothertypesofequipment,includingcomputers,orrelatedsystemsthatwillperformafunctionsatisfactorily,maybeusedinthemanufacture,processing,packing,andholdingofadrugproduct.Ifsuchequipmentissoused,itshallberoutinelycalibrated,inspected,orcheckedaccordingtoawrittenprogramdesignedtoassureproperperformance.Writtenrecordsofthosecalibrationchecksandinspectionsshallbemaintained.Appropriatecontrolsshallbeexercisedovercomputerorrelatedsystemstoassurethatchangesinmasterproductionandcontrolrecordsorotherrecordsareinstitutedonlybyauthorizedpersonnel.

Inputtoandoutputfromthecomputerorrelatedsystemofformulasorotherrecordsordatashallbecheckedforaccuracy.Thedegreeandfrequencyofinput/outputverificationshallbebasedonthecomplexityandreliabilityofthecomputerorrelatedsystem.Abackupfileofdataenteredintothecomputerorrelatedsystemshallbemaintainedexceptwherecertaindata,suchascalculationsperformedinconnectionwithlaboratoryanalysis,areeliminatedbycomputerizationorotherautomatedprocesses.Insuchinstancesawrittenrecordoftheprogramshallbemaintainedalongwithappropriatevalidationdata.Hardcopyoralternativesystems,suchasduplicates,tapes,ormicrofilm,designedtoassurethatbackupdataareexactandcompleteandthatitissecurefromalteration,inadvertenterasures,orlossshallbemaintained.39Automatic,mechanical,andelectronicequipment.40211·68自动化设备、机械化设备和电子设备自动化、机械化或电子设备，包括计算机或其他类型的设备。应对其设计之成文条款作标定、检查或核对，保证其工作性能良好。保留检查、标定、核对等文字记录。对保障重要生产变化的计算机或有关系统进行操作培训。操作记录或其他记录只能由被认可的人员制订。应核查输入或输出的各种方案、记录或资料准确性输入计算机或有关系统内的档案资料应保留，文字记录与相应的证明资料一起保存。复制品或多种选择系统应保证其支持资料正确、可靠及完整41E．成份、药品容器和密封件的控制211.80一般规定211.82未检验的成份、药品容器和密封件的接收与贮存211.84成分、药品容器和封口物品的检验、批准或拒收211.86获准成分、药品容器和密封件的使用211.87获准成分、药品容器和密封件的复检211.89拒收的成分、药品容器和密封件211.94药品密封容器和密封件Sec.211.80Generalrequirements.Thereshallbewrittenproceduresdescribinginsufficientdetailthereceipt,identification,storage,handling,sampling,testing,andapprovalorrejectionofcomponentsanddrugproductcontainersandclosures;suchwrittenproceduresshallbefollowed.Componentsanddrugproductcontainersandclosuresshallatalltimesbehandledandstoredinamannertopreventcontamination.Baggedorboxedcomponentsofdrugproductcontainers,orclosuresshallbestoredoffthefloorandsuitablyspacedtopermitcleaningandinspection.Eachcontainerorgroupingofcontainersforcomponentsordrugproductcontainers,orclosuresshallbeidentifiedwithadistinctivecodeforeachlotineachshipmentreceived.

Thiscodeshallbeusedinrecordingthedispositionofeachlot.Eachlotshallbeappropriatelyidentifiedastoitsstatus(i.e.,quarantined,approved,orrejected).4243211.80一般规定有文字详细说明成份、药品容器、密封件的签收、鉴定、贮存、装运、取样、检验和批准或拒收等程序，并遵循。成份、药品容器和密封件应专人管理，并在防止污染的环境下贮存。药品容器的包装袋或包装箱或密封件应离地面放置，保持适当间隔，便于清洁和检查。用明显的已接收的每装货量中的批号代码对成份、药品容器或密封件加以鉴别。

此代码用来记录每批货的放置地方。对每批货的情况，如隔离、批准或拒收等作检查。Sec.211.82Uponreceiptandbeforeacceptance,eachcontainerorgroupingofcontainersofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresshallbeexaminedvisuallyforappropriatelabelingastocontents,containerdamageorbrokenseals,andcontamination.Components,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresshallbestoredunderquarantineuntiltheyhavebeentestedorexamined,asappropriate,andreleased.Storagewithintheareashallconformtotherequirementsof211.80.44Receiptandstorageofuntestedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.45211·82未检验的成份、药品容器和密封件的接收与贮存接收时和验收前，对每个或编组的成份容器、药品容器和密封件进行目检。给内容物、容器损坏或拆封和污染等情况作适当的标志。成份、药品容器和密封件应隔离贮存，直至经检验为止。合格，可发放。在符合21l·80要求的地区中贮存。Sec.211.84Testingandapprovalorrejectionofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.Eachlotofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresshallbewithheldfromuseuntilthelothasbeensampled,tested,orexamined,asappropriate,andreleasedforusebythequalitycontrolunit.Representativesamplesofeachshipmentofeachlotshallbecollectedfortestingorexamination.Thenumberofcontainerstobesampled,andtheamountofmaterialtobetakenfromeachcontainer,shallbebaseduponappropriatecriteriasuchasstatisticalcriteriaforcomponentvariability,confidencelevels,anddegreeofprecisiondesired,thepastqualityhistoryofthesupplier,andthequantityneededforanalysisandreservewhererequiredby211.170.46Sec.211.84Testingandapprovalorrejectionofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.Samplesshallbecollectedinaccordancewiththefollowingprocedures:(1)Thecontainersofcomponentsselectedshallbecleanedwherenecessary,byappropriatemeans.(2)Thecontainersshallbeopened,sampled,andresealedinamannerdesignedtopreventcontaminationoftheircontentsandcontaminationofothercomponents,drugproductcontainers,orclosures.(3)Sterileequipmentandasepticsamplingtechniquesshallbeusedwhennecessary.(4)Ifitisnecessarytosampleacomponentfromthetop,middle,andbottomofitscontainer,suchsamplesubdivisionsshallnotbecompositedfortesting.(5)Samplecontainersshallbeidentifiedsothatthefollowinginformationcanbedetermined:nameofthematerialsampled,thelotnumber,thecontainerfromwhichthesamplewastaken,thedateonwhichthesamplewastaken,andthenameofthepersonwhocollectedthesample.(6)Containersfromwhichsampleshavebeentakenshallbemarkedtoshowthatsampleshavebeenremovedfromthem.47Sec.211.84Testingandapprovalorrejectionofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.Samplesshallbeexaminedandtestedasfollows:(1)Atleastonetestshallbeconductedtoverifytheidentityofeachcomponentofadrugproduct.Specificidentitytests,iftheyexist,shallbeused.(2)Eachcomponentshallbetestedforconformitywithallappropriatewrittenspecificationsforpurity,strength,andquality.Inlieuofsuchtestingbythemanufacturer,areportofanalysismaybeacceptedfromthesupplierofacomponent,providedthatatleastonespecificidentitytestisconductedonsuchcomponentbythemanufacturer,andprovidedthatthemanufacturerestablishesthereliabilityofthesupplier'sanalysesthroughappropriatevalidationofthesupplier'stestresultsatappropriateintervals.(3)Containersandclosuresshallbetestedforconformancewithallappropriatewrittenprocedures.Inlieuofsuchtestingbythemanufacturer,acertificateoftestingmaybeacceptedfromthesupplier,providedthatatleastavisualidentificationisconductedonsuchcontainers/closuresbythemanufacturerandprovidedthatthemanufacturerestablishesthereliabilityofthesupplier'stestresultsthroughappropriatevalidationofthesupplier'stestresultsatappropriateintervals.(4)Whenappropriate,componentsshallbemicroscopicallyexamined.48Sec.211.84Testingandapprovalorrejectionofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.(5)Eachlotofacomponent,drugproductcontainer,orclosurethatisliabletocontaminationwithfilth,insectinfestation,orotherextraneousadulterantshallbeexaminedagainstestablishedspecificationsforsuchcontamination.(6)Eachlotofacomponent,drugproductcontainer,orclosurethatisliabletomicrobiologicalcontaminationthatisobjectionableinviewofitsintendeduseshallbesubjectedtomicrobiologicaltestsbeforeuse.Anylotofcomponents,drugproductcontainers,orclosuresthatmeetstheappropriatewrittenspecificationsofidentity,strength,quality,andpurityandrelatedtestsunderparagraph(d)ofthissectionmaybeapprovedandreleasedforuse.Anylotofsuchmaterialthatdoesnotmeetsuchspecificationsshallberejected.4950211·84成份、药品容器和封口物品的试验、批准或拒收每批成份、药品容器和封口物品，在未经质量控制部门取样、检查合格前，不准使用。检验合格后发放使用。收集每批的每一装货量的代表性样品，供检验用。容器的取样数目和每—容器里物质的取样量是有适当的标准的，例如,成份的变异性统计学标准、可信限、要求的精密度、供应商过去的质量历史、211·170要求分析和留样所需的数量等。51211·84成份、药品容器和封口物品的试验、批准或拒收

收集样品程序：

(1)用适当的方法，清洁选出成份容器。

(2)打开容器，取样，重新封口，防止其内容物受污染和其他成份、药品容器或密封件的污染。

(3)必要时，使用灭菌设备和无菌取样技术。

(4)如果需要从容器顶部、中部和底部的成份中取样，样品须混合。

(5)鉴定样品容器，目的是确定如下资料：被取样的物料名称、批号、被取样的容器、取样日期及取样人的名字等。

(6)已取样的容器，应作标志，表示样品已取出。52211·84成份、药品容器和封口物品的试验、批准或拒收

样品检验程序：一个药品的每个成份，最少做一个特性试验。如有专—的特性实验就应采用。依照所有成文的规格标准检验每个成份的纯度、含量和质量。生产厂家替代上述试验，规定生产厂家最少要做一个特性鉴别试验，可承认这些成份的供应者所提供的分析报告。规定隔一定时间，生产厂家定期验证供应者的试验结果，证明供应者分析结果是正确的。依照成文规程，检验容器和密封件。生产厂家代替上述试验，规定生产厂家对这些容器或封口物品，最少做一次目检。可承认供应者的检验证明书。规定生产厂家定期验证供应者的试验结果，证明其试验结果是正确的。53211·84成份、药品容器和封口物品的试验、批准或拒收样品检验程序（续）：必要时，用显微镜检测成份。每批易受污物、昆虫或其他外来杂物污染的某—成份、药品容器或密封件，应按照已制订的规格标准检验上述各种污染。每批易受微生物污染的成份、药品容器或密封件，在使用前，应做微生物试验。任何批号的成份、药品容器或密封件，若符合已成文的规格标准和上一点的有关试验，可批准使用。任何批号的上述材料，不符合这些规格，应拒收。Sec.211.86

Components,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresapprovedforuseshallberotatedsothattheoldestapprovedstockisusedfirst.Deviationfromthisrequirementispermittedifsuchdeviationistemporaryandappropriate.54Useofapprovedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.55211·86获准的成份、药品容器和密封件的使用

已获准使用的成份、药品容器和密封件，先入库者先用。若产生的偏差是暂时的和适当的，这种偏差是容许的。Sec.211.87

Components,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresshallberetestedorreexamined,asappropriate,foridentity,strength,quality,andpurityandapprovedorrejectedbythequalitycontrolunitinaccordancewith211.84asnecessary,e.g.,afterstorageforlongperiodsorafterexposuretoair,heatorotherconditionsthatmightadverselyaffectthecomponent,drugproductcontainer,orclosure.56Retestingofapprovedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.57211·87获准的成份、药品容器和密封件的复检经质量控制部门批准或拒收的成份、药品容器和密封件，若长期贮存或曝露在空气中、热或其他可能对其产生不良影响的环境后，应依照211·84，对均一性、效价或含量、质量、纯度等复检。Sec.211.89

Rejectedcomponents,drugproductcontainers,andclosuresshallbeidentifiedandcontrolledunderaquarantinesystemdesignedtopreventtheiruseinmanufacturingorprocessingoperationsforwhichtheyareunsuitable.58Rejected

components,drugproductcontainers,andclosures.59211·89拒收的成份、药品容器和封口物品拒收的成份、药品容器和封口物品应经鉴定和在隔离系统下加以控制。防止在生产和加工中使用。

Sec.211.94Drugproductcontainersandclosures.Drugproductcontainersandclosuresshallnotbereactive,additive,orabsorptivesoastoalterthesafety,identity,strength,quality,orpurityofthedrugbeyondtheofficialorestablishedrequirements.Containerclosuresystemsshallprovideadequateprotectionagainstforeseeableexternalfactorsinstorageandusethatcancausedeteriorationorcontaminationofthedrugproduct.Drugproductcontainersandclosuresshallbecleanand,whereindicatedbythenatureofthedrug,sterilizedandprocessedtoremovepyrogenicpropertiestoassurethattheyaresuitablefortheirintendeduse.Standardsorspecifications,methodsoftesting,and,whereindicated,methodsofcleaning,sterilizing,andprocessingtoremovepyrogenicpropertiesshallbewrittenandfollowedfordrugproductcontainersandclosures.6061211.94药品容器和密封件药品包装容器和密封件应不起反应、不吸着、不吸附、不致改变药品的安全性、均一性、含量或效价、质量和纯度而超出制定的或其它颁布的规定要求。容器封口系统应对贮藏和使用过程中可预见的能引起药品变质或污染的外部因素提供足够的防护。药品容器和密封件应清洁、灭菌和除热原，保证其适用于预期目的。药品容器和密封件的标准或规格、检验方法(指清洁和消毒方法、除热原过程)应成文并遵循。62F．生产和加工控制211.100成文的规程，偏差211.101成分的投料211.103产量计算211.105设备鉴别211.110中间产物和药品的取样与检验211.111生产时间限制

211.113微生物污染的控制211.115返工Sec.211.100Writtenprocedures;deviations.Thereshallbewrittenproceduresforproductionandprocesscontroldesignedtoassurethatthedrugproductshavetheidentity,strength,quality,andpuritytheypurportorarerepresentedtopossess.Suchproceduresshallincludeallrequireme