句子成分+初升高衔接英语

单元音长元音/a://ɔ://ɜ://i://u:/短元音/ʌ//ɔ//ə//i//u//e//æ/双元音/eɪ//aɪ//əʊ//aʊ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//ɔɪ/元音（20个）清辅音/p//

t//

k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/清辅音/ʃ//tʃ//tr//ts//

h/浊辅音/ʒ//dʒ//dr/

/dz//r/鼻音/m//n/

/ŋ/

半元音/w//j/边音/l/辅音(28个)给下列字母标音

字母音标字母音标字母音标字母音标AaHhOoVvBbIiPpWwCcJjQqXxDdKkRrYyEeLlSsZzFfMmTtGgNnUu/ei//bi://si://di://i://ef//dʒi://eɪtʃ//aɪ//dʒeɪ//keɪ//el//em//en//əʊ//pi://kju://ɑː//es//ti://ju://vi://‘dʌblju://eks//waɪ//zed//zi:/句子成分Content各个成分句子成分简介小结练习句子成分简介句子成分(MembersofaSentence)什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。句子的主要成分为:主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，补语，状语,同位语Imetmybestfriend,Tom,atthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语地点和时间状语各个句子成分主语：句子说明的人或事物（句子所叙述的主体）。

能够充当主语的词，

通常有名词，数词，不定式，动名词，主语从句，代词Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelphispoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.形式主语It做形式主语。为避免头重脚轻和加强句子的紧凑性，用it做形式主语，真正的主语放在后面。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisnormalthatgirlslikeflowers.Itisourdutytoprotectourenvironment.Ittooktwoworkersthreeweekstobuildthehouse.Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youarenotfarfromwrong.Threeisenough.Tosayitisonething;todoitisanotherthing.Itwouldbenicetoseehimagain.Watchingafilmisapleasure.Theoldaretoreceivemoremoney.Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisill.谓语：说明主语所做的动作；谓语通常由动词和动词短语来充当，具有各种时态，语态和语气的变化1,简单谓语：有一个动词或动词短语构成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2,复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词和实义动词构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.及物动词：后可直接加宾语。如：accept,borrow,buy,discover,forget,cover,love,use,guess,enjoy不及物动词：后不可加宾语或不可直接加宾语。如：apologize,appear,arrive,go,come,stand,swimTheroomcanholdtwentypeople.Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Whathappened?Heworkedhardalldaytoday.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Iamreading.系动词(不是具体特定的动作)：后加表语，用于描述主语的身份，特征，性质和状态。状态系动词：be{am,is,are,waswere}（是）Heisateacher.持续系动词：keep,remain,stay（保持，持续）Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.表象系动词:seem,appear,look(似乎，好像，看起来)Helookstired.感官系动词：feel,look,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthataccident.终止系动词：prove,turnout(证实，证明，变成)Thenewsproved/turnedoutfalse.Keep,stay,grow,look,turn,fall,get,go,come也可以做实义动词：Keep保持，阻止keepsbfromdoingStay留下Grow成长，种植Look看，lookatTurn转变，改变方向Fall落下来Get得到，获取Go去，come来表语：系动词之后，说明主语的身份，特征和状态。主要有形容词，名词，代词，数词，动名词，分词，介词短语及表语从句来充当。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.ThebookiswhatIneed.Weareseven.Isanybodyin?AllIcoulddoistowait.Myanswertohisthreatwastohithimonthenose.Iwassosurprisedatthenews.ThisiswhereIfirstmethim.Ourdreamhascometrue.Hefeltsick.Theygrowcrazyabouttakingphotos.Thechildrenover8areadmittedintothetheater.Therearemanybirdsintheappletree.宾语：动作的对象或承受者。一般位于及物动词之后，介词之后也跟宾语。主要有，名词，代词，数词，动名词和to不定式及宾语从句来充当后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday。Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithinkthatheisfitforhisoffice.Ifinditimpossibletofinishtheworkintwodays.Wemakeitaruletogetupat7o’clock.形式宾语注意：①有些及物动词后可跟双宾语bringsbsth-----bringsthtosb（调节位置用to）

give,read,sing,return,show,tell,teach,send等buysbsth------buysthforsb(调节位置用for)find,choose等例子：Ireturnthestorybooktohim.Iwillfindanotherchanceforyou.Iwillgetyousometea.Passmethatbook,please.Ihaveboughtyousomefruit.注意②有些动词后可以跟复合宾语

动词+宾语+宾补Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.Ifindthebook

veryinteresting.Passme

thatbook,please.Ihaveboughtyou

somefruit.观察一下，双宾语之间的关系和宾语与宾补的关系补语：补充说明主语或宾语的状态Hisfathernamedhim

Dongming.Theypaintedtheirboat

white.Letthefreshair

in.Youmustn’tforcehim

tolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawher

enteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelab

ingoodorder.宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态常可以跟宾补的动词如下：⑴find(发现),leave(任由放任),keep(使---保持)

VT+宾语Ifoundthestreetmandead.Youshouldnotkeepmewaitingforyououtdoors.Don’tleavethewaterrunning.doingdoneadjadvprep--⑵feel,see,notice,watch,hear,smell等+宾语+do/doing/doneIsawhim

playbasketballbesidethelakeyesterday.Isawhim

playingbasketballbesidethelake.Isawhim

takenawaybyastranger.⑶make+宾语+do/done/n/adjWemakehim

ourbestfriend.Thestorymademe

sad.Hespokealoudtomakehimself

heard.ImadeTom

cleanthehouseyesterday.Wemakeit

aruletosavesomemoneyeverymonth.⑷getsb

todo=makesb

do=havesb

do=letsb

dogetsth

done=havesth

donewant/force/advise/allow/ask/tell/order/warn/expectsb

todo总结：当宾补是动词时，宾语与宾补是主谓关系；Isawhim

playingbasketballbesidethelake.宾补是其他形式是，宾语与宾补是主系表关系。Wemakeit

aruletosavesomemoneyeverymonth.也就是说，句子宾补的形式依据宾语的要求而定。Ifoundthebookboring.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherabook.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeeptheaccidentasecret.Hermotherdoesn’tallowhertogooutaloneintheevening.ThenamedthechildTom.定语：用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词，数词，名词，介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。定语有前置定语和后置定语。Gulinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.Shelikestheyellowdress.Threepeoplewereabsentfromyesterday’smeeting.Thelibrarytobeopennextmonthisthebiggestofthiscity.Thepictureonthewallwasdrawnbymyson.ThemanupstairsisaprofessorofShandongUniversity.Thecarwhichisparkedoutsideismine.状语：修饰动词，形容词，副