任务精读：初期支护一般知识（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术初期支护一般知识TunnelConstructionTechnologyGeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupport初期支护的概念1初期支护的特点2初期支护一般知识目录课程小结4初期支护的施工流程2TableofContentsGeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConceptofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupportConstructionProcessofPrimarySupportSummary.动画导入基本措施Basicmeasures钢筋网Reinforcingmesh钢拱架Steelsupport锚杆Anchorrod喷射混凝土Shotcrete初期支护一般知识GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupport初期支护的概念ConceptofPrimarySupport01依照围岩分级，采用开挖状态不同，坑道开挖后的稳定状态也不同，从而采取控制稳定的技术措施也不同。Accordingtotheclassificationofsurroundingrocks,thegallery'sstabilityafterexcavationwillbedifferentaccordingtodifferentexcavationstates.Therefore,thetechnicalmeasurestocontrolstabilitywillalsobedifferent.隧道工程Tunnelengineering坑道支护GallerySupport自支护Self-support人工支护Artificialsupport围岩自身的支护能力Self-supportingcapacityofsurroundingrocks初期支护Primarysupport二次衬砌Secondarylining初期支护Primarysupport喷混凝土Shotcrete锚杆Anchorrod钢筋网Reinforcingmesh钢支撑Steelsupport保证隧道在服务年限中的稳定、耐久，以及作为安全储备的工程措施。Secondaryliningisanengineeringmeasuretoensurethestabilityanddurabilityofthetunnelinitsservicelifeandtoserveasasafetyreserve.二次衬砌Secondarylining初期支护一般知识初期支护的概念GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConceptofPrimarySupport初期支护的特点CharacteristicsofPrimarySupport02由喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢筋网等支护部件进行适当组合。Isproperlycombinedbyshotcrete,anchorrod,reinforcingmeshandothersupportingcomponents.锚喷支护Bolt-shotcreteSupport局部加固Localreinforcement整体加固Overallreinforcement一次完成Completedonce分次完成Completedinseveraltimes充分体现“先柔后刚，按需提供”的原则。Fullyreflectstheprincipleof"flexiblefirstandthenrigid,andprovideasrequired".迅速发挥其对围岩的支护。Quicklyplayitsroleinsupportingsurroundingrocksafterconstruction.灵活性Flexibility及时性Timeliness初期支护一般知识初期支护的特点GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport喷射混凝土能与坑道周边的围岩紧密地粘结。Theshotcretecanbetightlybondedwithsurroundingrocksaroundthegallery.深入围岩体内部一定深度。Penetrateintothesurroundingrockmasstoacertaindepth.密贴性Tightness深入性Penetration初期支护一般知识初期支护的特点GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport封闭围岩，阻止了洞内潮气和水对围岩的侵蚀作用。Sealsurroundingrockstopreventsmoistureandwaterinthetunnelfromerodingsurroundingrocks.凋节围岩变形。Adjustthedeformationofsurroundingrocks.柔性Flexibility封闭性Sealingproperty初期支护一般知识初期支护的特点GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportCharacteristicsofPrimarySupport初期支护的施工流程ConstructionProcessofPrimarySupport03危石处理Collapserocktreatment初喷砼Initialshotcreting系统支护施工Systemsupportconstruction放样安装钢拱架Setting-outandinstallationofsteelarches复喷混凝土Repeatedshotcreting在爆破或者开挖后，岩面有危石情况，我们先要进行清理。Afterblastingorexcavation,iftherearecollapserocksontherocksurface,weshallcleanthemupfirst.检查开挖面超欠挖情况，初喷混凝土封闭岩面。Checktheovercutandundercutoftheexcavationsurface,andsealtherocksurfacewithinitialshotcreting.初喷混凝土后进行系统支护施工（包括锚杆、钢筋网等等）。Carryoutsystemsupportconstructionafterinitialshotcreting(includinganchorrods,reinforcingmesh,etc.)进行施工放样安装钢拱架。Carryoutconstructionsetting-outandinstallsteelarches.复喷混凝土至设计厚度。Carryoutrepeatedshotcretingtothedesignthickness.初期支护一般知识初期支护的施工流程GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportConstructionProcessofPrimarySupport课程小结Summary04初期支护一般知识课程小结GeneralKnowledgeofPrimarySupportSummary

初期支护是隧道稳定主要承载结构，在隧道施工中发挥着重大作用，隧道初期支护施工当中，工作面很小，工作时间长，喷射混凝土及锚杆钻孔产生粉尘，施工环境较差。Primarysupportisthemainbearingstructurefortunnelstabilityandplaysanimportantroleduringtunnelconstruction.Duringtheconstructionofprimarysupportofthetunnel,workingfacewillbeverysmall,workingtimewillbelong,dustwillbegeneratedfromshotcretingandanchorroddrilling,andconstructionenvironmentwillbepoor.

施工时，危石应清除，脚手架应牢固可靠，喷射手应配戴必要的防护用品，工程的顺利完成，需要我们同学们具有吃苦耐劳、连续作战的敬业精神。Duringconstruction,collapserocksshallberemoved,scaffoldsshallbesecureandreliable,andsprayingoperatorsshallwearnecessaryprotectivearticles.ToensurethesmoothcompletionoftheProject,ourstudentsshallhaveahard-working