任务精读：超前地质预报（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术超前地质预报TunnelConstructionTechnologyAdvanceGeologicalForecast超前地质预报目录TableofContentsAdvanceGeologicalForecast超前地质预报的必要性1Necessityofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质准确率影响因素2Influencingfactorsofaccuracyofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质预报的方法3Methodsofadvancegeologicalforecast课程小结5Summary超前地质预报分级4Classificationofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质预报的必要性Necessityofadvancegeologicalforecast01超前地质预报超前地质预报的必要性AdvanceGeologicalForecastNecessityofadvancegeologicalforecast通过超前预报，我们能及时发现异常情况，预报掌子面前方不良地质体的位置、产状及其围岩结构的完整性与含水的可能性，为正确选择开挖断面、支护设计参数和优化施工方案提供依据，并为预防隧洞涌水、突泥、突气等可能形成的灾害性事故及时提供信息，使工程单位提前做好施工准备，保证施工安全，同时还可节约大量资金。Throughtheadvanceforecast,theabnormalsituationcanbefoundintime,andthelocationandattitudeofunfavorablegeologicbodiesinfrontofthetunnelface,aswellastheintegrityofsurroundingrockstructureandthepossibilityofwatercontentcanbeforecast.Itcanprovidethebasisforcorrectselectionofexcavationsectionandsupportdesignparametersandforoptimizationofconstructionscheme.Itcanalsoprovidetimelyinformationforthepreventionofpossiblecatastrophicaccidentsofthetunnelsuchaswatergushing,mudburstandgasburst,sothattheengineeringunitcanmakeconstructionpreparationsinadvanceandensureconstructionsafety.Atthesametime,itcanalsosavealotofmoney.超前地质预报超前地质预报的必要性AdvanceGeologicalForecastNecessityofadvancegeologicalforecast所以隧洞超前预报对于安全科学施工、避免事故损失、节约投资等具有重大的社会效益和经济效益。Therefore,thetunneladvanceforecasthasgreatsocialandeconomicbenefitsforsafeandscientificconstruction,accidentlossavoidanceandinvestmentsaving.超前地质预报超前地质预报的必要性AdvanceGeologicalForecastNecessityofadvancegeologicalforecast应达到下列目的超前地质预报AdvancegeologicalforecastThefollowingobjectivesshallbeachieved1.进一步查清隧道开挖工作面前方的工程地质和水文地质条件，指导工程施工的顺利进行。First,furtherinvestigatetheengineeringgeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditionsinfrontofthetunnelexcavationworkingfacetoguidethesmoothprogressoftheprojectconstruction.2.降低地质灾害发生的几率和危害程度。Second,reducetheprobabilityandhazardextentofgeologicaldisasters.3.为优化工程设计提供地质依据。3、降低边墙建筑材料等级或采用花边墙Finally,providegeologicalbasisforengineeringdesignoptimization.Longitudinalblindditch超前地质准确率影响因素InfluencingFactorsofAccuracyofAdvanceGeologicalForecast02地质体的成因类型地区的地质构造发展史地表岩石风化和覆盖程度对预报地区地质规律的掌握的程度和从事这项工作人员的经验丰富程度，这直接影响预报成效。

超前地质预报超前地质准确率影响因素InfluencingFactorsofAccuracyofAdvanceGeologicalForecastAdvanceGeologicalForecastGenetictypeofgeologicalbodyThedegreeofmasteryofthegeologicallawsintheforecastareaandtherichnessoftheexperienceofthepersonnelengagedinthiswork,whichcandirectlyaffecttheeffectivenessoftheforecast.DevelopmentHistoryofregionalgeologicalstructureWeatheringandcoveragedegreeofsurfacerock超前地质预报的方法Methodsofadvancegeologicalforecast03超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质预报的方法Methodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质调查法Geologicalsurveymethod地质雷达法GroundpenetratingradarmethodTSP地震波法TSPseismicwavemethod红外探水法Infraredwaterdetectionmethod超前地质钻探法Advancedgeologicaldrillingmethod超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质调查法Geologicalsurveymethod利用地质理论和作图法，将隧道所揭露的岩性、地质构造、地下水状况等准确记录下来并绘制成图表，结合已有勘测资料，进行开挖面前方地质条件的预测预报。工作原理WorkingprincipleBasedonthegeologicaltheoryandplottingmethod,thelithology,geologicalstructureandgroundwatersituationrevealedbythetunnelareaccuratelyrecordedandplottedascharts.Incombinationwiththeexistingsurveydata,predictandforecastthegeologicalconditionsinfrontoftheexcavationsurface.它的探测距离为10m以内。Itsdetectionrangeiswithin10m.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质调查法Geologicalsurveymethod理论基础牢固，设备简单，操作方便，成本低。优点AdvantagesSolidtheoreticalbasis,simpleequipment,convenientoperationandlowcost.对操作人员地质知识水平要求较高，要求地质专业人员来完成。特别是在地层岩性变化极为复杂的隧道中预报的准确率有限。缺点DisadvantagesItrequiresahigherlevelofgeologicalknowledgeforoperators.Itisrequiredtobecompletedbygeologicalprofessionals.Especiallyintunnelswithextremelycomplexstratumlithologychanges,theaccuracyofforecastismorelimited.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecastTSP地震波法TSPseismicwavemethod利用地震波的入射与反射原理及数据成像技术，直接反映掌子面前方与周围地质界面位置。工作原理WorkingprincipleByutilizingtheincidenceandreflectionprinciplesofseismicwaveanddataimagingtechnology,thepositionofgeologicalinterfaceinfrontofandaroundthetunnelfaceisdirectlyreflected.它的探测距离为50~200m。Itsdetectionrangeis50~200m.断层Fault溶洞Karstcave地下水Groundwater超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecastTSP地震波法TSPseismicwavemethod预报断层等面状结构反射信号较为明显，可以预报有没有地下水，是弱富水带或强富水带等相对结论。优点AdvantagesThereflectedsignalsforecastingfaultandotherplanarstructuresareobvious.ThedetectionresultsoftheTSPcanforecastwhetherthereisgroundwater,whetheritisaweakwater-richzoneorastrongwater-richzoneandotherrelativeconclusions.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecastTSP地震波法TSPseismicwavemethod预报溶洞等点状地质体反应不明显。只能对隧道围岩进行定性解释，需要具有丰富地质工作经验。缺点Disadvantagestheresponseisnotobviouswhenforecastingkarstcavesandotherpointgeologicalbodies.Onlyqualitativeinterpretationcanbecarriedoutforthetunnelsurroundingrockandrichgeologicalworkexperienceisrequired.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质雷达法Groundpenetratingradarmethod工作原理：探测地下介质的广谱电磁技术。地质雷达用一个天线发射高频电磁波，另一个天线接受地下介质界面的反射波，通过对反射波的分析，从而推断地质情况。

Itsworkingprincipleisthebroad-spectrumelectromagnetictechniquefordetectingundergroundmedia.Thegroundpenetratingradarusesanantennatotransmithigh-frequencyelectromagneticwaves,andtheotherantennaisusedtoreceivereflectedwavesfromtheundergroundmediainterface.Thegeologyconditionisinferredfromtheanalysisofreflectedwaves.探测距离为10~25m。Thedetectionrangeis10~25m.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质雷达法Groundpenetratingradarmethod隧道施工环境适应性强，对施工干扰小。优点AdvantagesTheaccuracydegreeisrelativelyhigh.准确度较高。Theaccuracydegreeisrelativelyhigh.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质雷达法Groundpenetratingradarmethod仅从雷达测试资料进行地质解释准确度较差，必须结合丰富的地质经验。缺点DisadvantagesItsdisadvantageisthatthegeologicalinterpretationisonlybasedonradartestdata,sotheaccuracydegreeisrelativelypoor.Richgeologicalexperiencemustbecombined.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast地质雷达法Groundpenetratingradarmethod操作时要做到：减少干扰、随时与实际揭露的地质进行对比、准确确定测站布设面的里程桩号。缺点DisadvantagesDuringoperation,itisnecessaryto:reduceinterference,comparewiththeactuallyexposedgeologyatanytime,andaccuratelydeterminethechainageoftheobservationstationarrangementsurface.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast红外探水法Infraredwaterdetectionmethod工作原理：探测红外场强的变化来预测掌子面前方是否有含水体存在。Workingprinciple：Detectthechangeofinfraredfieldstrengthtopredictwhetherthereiswater-bearingbodyinfrontofthetunnelface.探测距离为10~30m。Thedetectionrangeis10~30m.Infrareddetectioncurvedsurfacealongtunnelaxialdirection掘进方向Tunnelingdirection里程Chainage掌子面TunnelfaceLeftsidewallLefthaunchCrownRighthaunchRightsidewallTunnelcenterline超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast红外探水法Infraredwaterdetectionmethod主要进行有无水预报，准确率高，测量速度快。优点Advantagesmainlyforecastingwhetherthereiswaterornot,highaccuracyandfastmeasuringspeed.Infrareddetectioncurvedsurfacealongtunnelaxialdirection掘进方向Tunnelingdirection里程Chainage掌子面TunnelfaceLeftsidewallLefthaunchCrownRighthaunchRightsidewallTunnelcenterline超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast红外探水法InfraredwaterdetectionmethodInfrareddetectioncurvedsurfacealongtunnelaxialdirection掘进方向Tunnelingdirection里程Chainage掌子面TunnelfaceLeftsidewallLefthaunchCrownRighthaunchRightsidewallTunnelcenterline无法定量测水，只能反映大致距离。缺点Disadvantagesquantitativewatermeasurementisimpossible,andonlyapproximatedistancecanbereflected.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质钻探法Advancedgeologicaldrillingmethod工作原理：超长钻孔，对岩芯进行编录，通过钻速、推力、扭矩、返水颜色、钻孔出水并地球物理综合测评的配合下进行。Workingprinciple：Extra-longdrillingandconductcorelogging.Itiscarriedoutwiththecooperationofdrillingrate,thrust,torque,returnwatercolor,boreholewateroutflowandgeophysicscomprehensiveevaluation.探测距离为5~80m。Thedetectionrangeis5~80m.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质钻探法Advancedgeologicaldrillingmethod效果准确度好，判识率高，具有直观性、客观性。优点Advantagesgoodeffectandaccuracy,highidentificationratewithintuitivenessandobjectivity.超前地质预报超前地质预报的方法AdvanceGeologicalForecastMethodsofadvancegeologicalforecast超前地质钻探法Advancedgeologicaldrillingmethod费用高，占用隧道施工时间长，且存在一孔之见的弊端。缺点Disadvantageshighcost,plentyoftunnelconstructiontimeisoccupied,andonlyoneholecannotrepresentallsituations.超前地质预报分级ClassificationofAdvanceGeologicalForecast04

超前地质预报超前地质预报分级AdvanceGeologicalForecastClassificationofAdvanceGeologicalForecastA级级预报：采用地质素描、隧道地震超前预报仪（TSP）、单点声波反射仪（HSP、地质雷达、红外探水、超前水平钻探等手段综合预测。B级级预报：采用地质素描、TSP辅以红外探水、地质雷达，必要的单孔超前水平钻。C级预报：以地质素描为主。D级预报：采用地质素描。LevelAforecast:Comprehensiveforecastiscarriedoutbymeansofgeologicalsketch,tunnelseismicadvanceprospector(TSP),single-pointsoundwavereflectometer(HSP),groundpenetratingradar,infraredwaterdetection,advancedhorizontaldrilling,etc.LevelBforecast:GeologicalsketchandTSPareadopted,supplementedbyinfraredwaterdetec