机械安全 术语 征求意见稿

13.13.23.3维修性maintainability3.43.53.6注1：“危险”一词足以限定伤害的来源（例如：机械危险和电气危险），或潜在伤害的属性（——在机器的预定使用期间，始终存在的危险（例如：危险运动部件的运动、焊接过程中产生的电弧、不健）；23.7注：相关危险是GB/T15706-2012第5章3.83.93.103.113.123.133.143.153.163.173.183.19可合理预见的误用reasonablyfores33.20通过改变机器设计或工作特性，而不是使用防护装置或保护装置来消除危险或减小与危险相关的3.21使用安全防护装置保护人员的措施。这些保护措施使人员远离那些不能合理消除的危险或者通过3.22保护措施protectivemeasu）；3.233.243.253.26机械致动机构machineactuator3.273.283.29•预防意外启动的功能（与防护装置联用的联锁装置等•在设定时通过旁通（抑制）安全装置对危险机构的手•保持机器在安全运行限制中的速度和温度控制。43.303.31危险机器功能hazardousma3.323.333.34注：故障通常是产品自身失效后引起的，但也3.353.36——安全功能被要求时（需求模式）无法运行或者造成安全功能失败（连），3.37CCF3.383.393.40GB/T30174—XXXX5——可发生在机器正常运行期间（例如由于人员的交互作用或受外界影响3.413.423.433.443.453.463.474.14.264.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.54.2.64.2.6.14.2.6.24.2.6.3机电防护锁定装置electromechanicalguard-lockingdevice4.2.6.4电磁防护锁定装置electromagneticguard-loc74.2.6.5直接断开位置开关directopeni具有一个或多个用于实现安全功能的常闭触点元件，并通过非弹性部件直接实现触点分断的位置注：直接断开位置开关属于1型联锁装置或2型联锁装置，区别在于其操动件是否编码，见GB/T14.2.6.64.2.6.74.2.74.2.84.2.9保持－运行控制装置hold-to-runcontroldevice4.2.10双手操纵装置two-handco至少需要双手同时操作才能启动和保持危险机器功能的控制装置，以此为该装置的操作人员提供4.2.11敏感保护设备sensitiveprotectiveSPE4.2.11.1压敏保护装置pressure-sensitiveprotectivedevice——压力作用于其部分外表面时能产生信号的传感器，以及——控制单元，控制单元的响应传感器的信4.2.11.2电敏保护设备electro-sensitiveprotecGB/T30174—XXXX84.2.11.3有源光电保护装置activeopto-electronicprotectivedeviceAOPD通过光－电发射和接收元件完成感应功能的装置，可探测特定区域内由于不透光物体出现引起的4.2.124.2.134.2.144.2.155.1sr通过计算得到的防止人或人体部位在机器达到安全状态前进入危险区所必需的安全防护装置和危5.2从在线检测发现危险失效或系统出现明显故障到系统/部件维修或替换后重启之间时间间隔的倒数。5.35.4全系统停机性能overallsystemstopT95.5置起，至输出信号开关装置变为断开状态时的位置止。见）；）；5.6在相同条件下，同一目标体测量的工作行程和致动行程之间的差。见5.7工作行程workingtravel置起，至作用于目标体上的力达到规定限制力时的位置止。见5.85.95.10Ts5.115.12物体在受热或受冷过程中，由于其热量传递注：热惯性通常以材料的密度(ρ)、热导率（K）和比热容（c）的乘积表示。5.135.14注2：不能将术语“排放值”与“暴露值”混淆。暴露值是指在机器使用中，对人员在排放物中暴露程度的量化。暴露值5.15IA在周围多个规定位置获取的，环境空气质量改善后的实际污染物浓度与污染物控制系统不工作时），GB/T30174—XXXX................................................................mimin——规定位置的数量。IA=1−.....................................................6.1注：机器控制系统可使用任何技术或各种技术的组合（例如：电气/电子6.2SRP/CS注：执行安全功能的控制系统，以安全输入被触发为起始点（例如：位置开关的致动凸轮和6.3使用经过验证的元件、安全原则，通过冗余和诊断等措施实现急停、联6.4子系统按照通过部件结构布置、故障检测和/或部件可靠性实现的故障抵抗能力以及故障条件6.5诊断覆盖率diagnosticcoverage6.66.76.8SIL6.96.10联锁装置启动停机指令进入危险机器部位所用的时间。此时间可以根据不同情况下的接近速度来6.11平均危险失效间隔时间meantimetodangerousfaMTTFd6.12平均失效间隔时间meantimebetMTBF6.13RDF6.14注：实现诊断的方法包括：真实性检查、直接/6.156.16可编程电子系统programmabl6.17GB/T30174—XXXX6.186.19LVL能够通过组合预定义和专用的库函数来实现安全要求规范（SRS3.1.6.20FVL6.21安全相关应用软件safety-relatedapplicationSRASW6.22安全相关嵌入式软件safety-relSRESW注：嵌入式软件也称作固件或系统软件。见全可变语言（FVL）。6.23高要求或连续模式highdemand6.24一种运行模式，在该模式下，要求安全控制系统6.25注2：一个子系统可以是一个或若干个SRP/CS的组成部分，例如同一接触器组合可用于检测到危险区内有人时以及6.266.276.286.29经验证的安全原则well-triedsafetyprinciple已在以往安全控制系统的设计或集成中证明有效的原则，以避免或控制影响安全功能性能的关键6.30经验证的元件well-triedsafetyc6.31采用受控或系统性方式执行软件和/或操作硬件，以证明具备所要求的行为，同时没有不需要的行6.326.336.34GB/T30174—XXXX6.35每小时平均危险失效频率averagefrequen6.366.37安全相关无线控制装置safety-relatedwirelesscontro6.38SRS包含安全控制系统从安全功能特性（功能要求）和所需性能等级（PLr）角度必须满足的安全功能7.17.27.37.4预警监测early-warningmonitor7.5GB/T30174—XXXX7.67.7预警措施early-warningmeasu7.87.9监测要素monitoringvariable根据风险预警需要约定监视并测量的目标对7.107.117.127.13用于确定危险、危险点或者机器部件的实际位置及其在实现预期风险减小的总响应时间（T）内因7.147.15速度与安全监控speedandsaSSM8危险能量控制术语8.1GB/T30174—XXXX8.28.38.48.5按照既定程序在能量隔离装置上放置锁具/标牌，以表明在锁具/标牌按照既定程序移除之注：术语“上锁/挂牌”可以是单独使用上锁装8.6可牢固固定在能量隔离装置上的突出的警告装置，如标牌，以表明在移8.7a)将机器（或机器的制定部件）与所有能源隔）；），注：可以贮存c)中提到的能量的示例包括因惯性而继续运转的机械部件、逆驱动的排风扇、依靠重力运动d)通过安全工作程序（如通过测量）验证按8.89.1非3.1定义的机械的、与机器相关联的全部设备，是使机械卫生地加工产品、发挥功能所不可缺少9.29.39.49.59.6GB/T30174—XXXX9.79.8非吸收式材料non-absorbentmaterials9.99.109.119.129.139.149.159.169.179.189.199.20（相关）微生物micro-organGB/T30174—XXXX[1]GB/T8196—2018[9]GB/T17888—2020[10]GB/T18153—2024机械安全用于确定可接触热表面[11]GB/T18569—2020（所有部分）机械安全减小由机械排放的有害物质[12]GB/T18831—2017机械安全[14]GB/T19671—2022[15]GB/T19876—2012机械安全与人体部位接近速度相关的安全防[17]GB/T20850—2014机械安全机械安全标[18]GB/T23819—2023机械安全[19]GB/T23820—2009机械安全偶然与产品接触的润滑剂[20]GB/T23821—2022机械安全防止上下肢触及[21]GB/T25749—2010（所有部分）机械安全空气传播的有害[22]GB/T26118—2010（所有部分）机械安全机械排放的辐射所产生风险（相关）微生物...................................................................9.20安全操作规程.....................................................................3.25安全防护.........................................................................3.21安全防护空间.....................................................................3.23安全防护装置......................................................................4.1安全功能.........................................................................3.28安全继电器........................................................................6.3安全间距..........................................................................5.1安全距离..........................................................................5.1安全控制系统......................................................................6.2安全区...........................................................................7.10安全完整性等级....................................................................6.8安全相关嵌入式软件...............................................................6.22安全相关无线控制装置..............................................................6.37安全相关应用软件.................................................................6.21安全要求规范.....................................................................6.38安全状态............................................................................巴氏杀菌.........................................................................9.17保持-运行控制装置...............................................................4.2.9保护措施.........................................................................3.22保护装置........................................................................4.2.5本质安全设计措施.................................................................3.20表面温度.........................................................................5.10不良辐射排放.....................................................................10.7操作模式.........................................................................6.28操作者...........................................................................3.47产品接触面........................................................................9.5超行程............................................................................5.6充分的风险减小...................................................................3.17带防护锁定的联锁装置...........................................................4.2.6.1低需求模式.......................................................................6.24电磁防护锁定装置..............................................................4.2.6.4电敏保护设备.................................................................4.2.11.2动态安全距离.....................................................................7.13动态测试.........................................................................6.31防护屏蔽.........................................................................10.9防护锁定装置..................................................................4.2.6.2防护装置..........................................................................4.2飞溅区............................................................................9.7非产品接触面......................................................................9.6非吸收材料........................................................................9.8非正常启动........................................................................8.8风险.............................................................................3.12风险分析.........................................................................3.14风险估计.........................................................................3.13风险评估.........................................................................3.16风险评价.........................................................................3.15风险预警..........................................................................7.2风险预警系统........................................................................辅助安全功能.....................................................................3.30负载运行.........................................................................10.3高要求或连续模式.................................................................6.23隔离和能量释放....................................................................8.7工作行程..........................................................................5.7工作循环.........................................................................10.2功能性辐射排放...................................................................10.6共模失效.........................................................................3.38共因失效.........................................................................3.37固定式防护装置..................................................................4.2.1故障.............................................................................3.34挂牌装置..........................................................................8.6关联设备..........................................................................9.1光滑.............................................................................9.11活动式防护装置..................................................................4.2.2机电防护锁定装置..............................................................4.2.6.3机器..............................................................................3.1机器控制系统......................................................................6.1机器启动.........................................................................3.32机械..............................................................................3.1机械约束装置...................................................................4.2.12机械致动机构.....................................................................3.26急停.............................................................................3.42急停功能.........................................................................3.43急停装置........................................................................4.2.7集成制造系统......................................................................7.1监测要素..........................................................................7.9监控.............................................................................6.14交叉监控.........................................................................6.15接触时间.........................................................................5.11接近速度..........................................................................5.3截留钥匙联锁系统..............................................................4.2.6.6截留钥匙联锁装置..............................................................4.2.6.7紧急操作.........................................................................3.41紧急状态.........................................................................3.40进入频次..........................................................................6.9进入时间.........................................................................6.10进入危险区的时间.................................................................6.10经使用证明.......................................................................6.36经验证的安全原则.................................................................6.29经验证的元件.....................................................................6.30净化指数.........................................................................5.15局部排气通风（LEV）系统..........................................................10.11局部屏蔽........................................................................10.10抗腐蚀材料.......................................................................9.18可编程电子系统...................................................................6.16可调式防护装置..................................................................4.2.3可合理预见的误用.................................................................3.19可靠性............................................................................3.2可灭菌...........................................................................9.16空载运行.........................................................................10.5类别..............................................................................6.4联锁............................................................................4.2.6联锁防护装置....................................................................4.2.4联锁装置........................................................................4.2.6裂纹.............................................................................9.12每小时平均危险失效频率............................................................6.35密封.............................................................................9.10灭菌.............................................................................9.15敏感保护设备...................................................................4.2.11默停.............................................................................6.18能量隔离装置......................................................................8.2能量耗散..........................................................................8.3偶然与产品接触....................................................................9.4排放值...........................................................................5.14排气系统........................................................................10.11平均失效间隔时间.................................................................6.12平均危险失效间隔时间..............................................................6.11屏蔽（常规定义）.................................................................10.8启动.............................................................................3.32全可变语言.......................................................................6.20全系统停机性能....................................................................5.4确认.............................................................................6.34热惯性...........................................................................5.12任务.............................................................................3.24润滑剂............................................................................9.3伤害..............................................................................3.5上锁挂牌..........................................................................8.5上锁装置..........................................................................8.4剩余风险.........................................................................3.18失灵.............................................................................3.39失效.............................................................................3.35实效检验.........................................................................9.19使能装置........................................................................4.2.8使用信息.........................................................................3.46手动复位.........................................................................3.33双手操纵装置...................................................................4.2.10速度与安全监控...................................................................7.15所需性能等级......................................................................6.7烫伤阈值.........................................................................5.13停止时间..........................................................................5.9通道.............................................................................6.27同步操纵.........................................................................3.45同时操纵.........................................................................3.44危害性物质........................................................................9.2危险..............................................................................3.6危险机器功能.....................................................................3.31危险能量..........................................................................8.1危险区...........................................................................3.11危险失效.........................................................................3.36危险失效比.......................................................................6.13危险事件..........................................................................3.9危险消除时间......................................................................5.9危险状态.........................................................................3.10维修率............................................................................5.2维修性............................................................................3.3卫生.............................................................................9.13系统性失效.......................................................................6.17限制装置.......................................................................4.2.13相关危险..........................................................................3.7响应时间..........................................................................5.8消毒.............................................................................9.14性能等级..........................................................................6.6压敏保护装置.................................................................4.2.11.1验证.............................................................................6.33异常行为.........................................................................7.12易用性............................................................................3.4意外启动..........................................................................8.8有限可变语言.....................................................................6.19有限运动控制装置...............................................................4.2.14有源光电保护装置.............................................................4.2.11.3预警措施..........................................................................7.7预警分级..........................................................................7.6预警级别..........................................................................7.5预警监测..........................................................................7.4预警区...........................................................................7.11运行阶段.........................................................................10.4运行条件.........................................................................10.1真实性检查.......................................................................6.32诊断覆盖率........................................................................6.5直接断开位置开关..............................................................4.2.6.5制动能力.........................................................................7.14致动力...........................................................................3.27致动行程..........................................................................5.5重大危险..........................................................................3.8主要安全功能.....................................................................3.29子系统...........................................................................6.25子系统组件.......................................................................6.26自排放............................................................................9.9阻挡装置.......................................................................4.2.15Aabnormalbehavior 7.12accesstime 6.10activeopto-electronicprotectivedevice 4.2.11.3actuatingforce 3.27actuatingtravel adequateriskreduction 3.17adjustableguard……………………4.2.3approachspeed……………………5.3associatedequipment……………………9.1averagefrequencyofadangerousfailureperhour 6.35Bback-upsafetyfunctions 3.30brakingcapability 7.14burnthreshold 5.13Ccategory 6.4channel 6.27commoncausefailure 3.37commonmodefailure 3.38contactperiod 5.11 9.18crevice crossmonitoring 6.15Ddangerzone 3.11decontaminationindex 5.15diagnosticcoverage 6.5directopeningpositionswitch 4.2.6.5disinfection 9.14dynamicsafetydistance 7.13dynamictest……………………6.31Eearly-warningmeasures 7.7early-warningmonitoring 7.4early-warningsystematics 7.6early-warningzone……………………7.11electromagneticguard-lockingdevice……………………4.2.6.4electromechanicalguard-lockingdevice………………4.2.6.3electro-sensitiveprotectiveequipment……………………4.2.11.2emergencyoperation……………………3.41emergencysituation 3.40emergencystop 3.42emergencystopdevice 4.2.7 3.43emissionvalue 5.14enablingdevice 4.2.8energydissipation 8.3energyisolatingdevice 8.2exhaustsystem Ffailure failuretodanger 3.36fault fixedguard 4.2.1frequencyofaccess 6.9fullvariabilitylanguage 6.20functionalradiationem 10.6Gguard 4.2guard-lockingdevice 4.2.6.2Hharm hazard hazardstatus 7.9hazardzone hazardousenergy 8.1hazardousevent hazardousmachinefunction 3.31hazardoussituation 3.10hazardoussubstance 9.2highdemandorcontinuousmode 6.23hold-to-runcontroldevice 4.2.9hygiene Iimpedeingdevice 4.2.15incidentalproductcontact 9.4informationforuse 3.46 3.20 7.1interlock interlockingdevice 4.2.6interlockingdeviceswithguard-locking 4.2.6.1interlockingguard 4.2.4isolationandenergydissipation 8.7Llevelofearly-warning……………………7.5limiteddevice……………………4.2.13limitedmovementcontroldevice………………………4.2.14limitedvariabilitylanguage………………6.19localexhaustventilation(LEV)system 10.11lockoutdevice Lockout/Tagout 8.5lowdemandmode 6.24lubricant 9.3Mmachine machineactuator 3.26machinecontrolsystem 6.1machinestart-up 3.32machinery maintainability