外文翻译-驱动桥的设计

附录Driveaxlepowertrainattheendoftheirbasicfunctionistoincreasethetransmissioncamefromthedriveshaftortorque,andareasonabledistributionofpowertotheleftandrightwheel,inadditiontoactingontheroadandundertheframeorbodylegislationbetweenthevertical,longitudinalandlateralforce.Generalfromthemaindriveaxlereducer,differential,gearwheelsanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.ThedesignoftheDriveaxle:Driveaxleshouldbedesignedtomeetthebasicrequirementsareasfollows:1.Selectthemainreductionratioshouldbeabletoensurethecarhasthebestpowerandfueleconomy.2.Smallersize,toensurethatthenecessarygroundclearance.3.Gearandotherpiecesoftheworkofasmoothtransmission,andsmallnoise.4.Inavarietyofspeedandloadwithahightransmissionefficiency.5.Inensuringadequatestrengthandstiffnessconditions,shouldstriveforthequalityofsmall,especiallyunderthemass-springshouldbeassmallaspossibleinordertoimprovevehicleridecomfort.6.Andsuspensionmovement-orientedcoordinationofsteeringdriveaxle,butalsowiththecoordinationofsteeringmovement.7.Thestructureofsimple,goodprocessing,manufacturing,easydisassembly,tofacilitateadjustment.DriveaxleclassificationAtnon-driveaxledisconnectdisconnect-style-typewithtwobroadcategories.1.Non-disconnect-typedriveaxleNon-disconnect-typedriveaxlealsoknownasintegrateddriveaxle,theaxlecasingandthemainshaftreducerwithshellshellandconnectedtoarigidbeam,whichonbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelrelatedtoswingthroughtheflexibleconnectedwiththeframecomponents.Itconsistsofdriveaxlehousing1,themainreducer,differentialandaxlecomponents.2.disconnect-typedriveaxle.Drivetheuseofindependentsuspensionbridge,thatisthemainreducershellfixedonthevehiclechassis,onbothsidesoftheaxleandwheelinthehorizontalplaneasopposedtorelativemovementofthebodyisreferredtoasdriveoffthebridge.Inordertomatchwithindependentsuspension,themainreducershellfixedattheframe(orbody),thedriveaxlehousingsubconnectedthroughthehinge,orinadditiontothemainreducershelloutsidetheshellisnolongerdriventootherpartsofthebridge.Wheelinordertomeettheneedsofindependentjumpupanddown,betweenthedifferentialandthewheelaxleoftheaboveconnectionbetweentheuseofuniversaljoints.DriveaxlecomponentsDrivenmainlybythemainbridgereducer,differential,axleanddriveaxlehousingsandothercomponents.1.MainreducerassemblyUsedtochangethemaindrivereducergeneraldirection,toreducespeedandincreasetorque,andensurethereissufficientcardriversandtheappropriatespeedskin.Moretypesofthemainreducer,asingle-stage,dual-class,two-speed,suchasWheelSpeedReducer.1)single-stagemainreducerReductiongearbyaslowdownintherealizationofthedevices,calledsingle-stagereducer.Itsstructureissimple,lightweight,suchasDongfengBQl090typelightandmedium-sizedtrucksonawiderangeofapplications.2)two-stagemainreducerLargernumberofheavy-dutytrucks,requirealargerreductionratio,themainuseofasingle-stagereducerdrive,movingfromgeartobelargerindiameterwillaffectthedriveaxleofthegroundclearance,sotheuseoftwoslowdown.Oftenreferredtoastwo-stagereducer.Therearetwosetsoftwo-stagereductiongearreducer,speedtherealizationofthetwobytwisting.Inordertoenhancethemeshinggearpairtaperandstrengthofasmooth,slowdownthefirst-classpairofspiralbevelgearis.Gears2isinclinedgearteethduetoprop.Taketheinitiativetorotatebevelgear,geardrivenrotarydrivenroundsilver,thuscompletingaslowdown.Activesecondstagecylindricalgearreducerandthedrivenbevelgearcoaxialwiththerotation,anddrivegeardrivenrotatingcylinder,atheonshellcylindricaltheonmountedgeardriventhetoDuespeed.second-classdifferential,sothatwhenthedrivengearrotatingcylinder,throughthedifferentialanddriveaxlethatis,therotationofthewheels.2.DifferentialDifferentialisdesignedtoconnecttheaxlearound,onbothsidesofthewheelscanrotateatdifferentangulartorquetransferatthesametime.Toensurethenormalscrollwheel.Somemulti-bridge-drivencars,inthesub-actuatortypeorinthetransmissionthroughtheshaftisalsoequippedwithadifferential,knownasthebridgebetweenthedifferential.Itsroleistoturninthecaroronunevenroadsurface,sothatdrivewheelsbeforeandafterthedifferentialbetweentherole.Atpresent,China-madecarsandothertypesofvehiclesinthebasicuseofsymmetricordinarydifferentialbevelgear.Symmetricbytheplanetarybevelgeardifferentialgear,axlegears,planetarygearaxis(cross-axisoradirect-axis)andthedifferentialcompositionoftheshellandsoon.Atpresentthemajorityofplanetarygear-typemotorvehiclesusingdifferentialandordinarydifferentialbevelgearconebytwoorfourplanetgears,planetarygearshaft,thetwoconeaxledifferentialgear,andaboutthecompositionoftheshellandsoon.3.Autosemi-axleAxleisthedifferentialtorqueandthencametothewheels,drivewheelsspin,promotethesolidaxlecar.Asaresultoftheinstallationofwheelstructure,andtheforcesoftheaxlearealsodifferent.Therefore,dividedintofull-floatingaxle,semi-floating,3/4,threetypesoffloating.1)full-floatingaxleGenerallylargeandmedium-sizedusedcarfloatingthewholestructure.Axlewiththeinnerendofthesplineaxlewiththedifferentialgearconnectedtotheouterendoftheaxleforgingaflangewithboltsandwheelhubtoconnect.Wheelawayfromthemoredistantoftwotaperedrollerbearingsforthetextontheaxlecasing.Rearaxleshellcasingpressureandonepairtoformthedriveaxlehousing.Supportingtheuseofsuchforms,axleandaxlehousingnodirectlinksothatonlybearthedriveaxletorquewithoutbearinganymoment,theaxlereferredtoasull-floatingaxle.Theso-calledloating,meaningnotsubjecttobendingloadaxle.Full-floatingaxle,theouterendflangeplateforonemadewiththeaxis.Buttherearealsoanumberoftruckstomakeaseparateflangeparts,andbynestedsplineouterendintheaxle.Thus,atbothendsoftheaxlespline,youcanuseforthefirst.2)semi-floatingaxleSemi-floatingaxlewiththeinnerendofthesamefloating,notsubjecttobendingandtorsion.Awayfromdirectclientsupportthroughabearingintheaxleoftheinnershell.Thisapproachwillsupporttheouterendaxlebearingmoment.Therefore,thisshort-sleeveinadditiontotransfertorque,butalsotosustainthelocalmoment,itisknownasthesemi-floatingaxle.Thisstructureismainlyusedinsmallpassengercars.LicenseHongqiCA7560iconforthetypeofdriveaxlelimousine.Axlefromtheinnerendofitsmoment,outclienthastobearallthemoment,socalledsemi-floatingbearing.3)3/4floatingaxle3/4floatingaxleisaffectedbythedegreeofbendingbetweentheshortsemi-floatingandfullfloatingbetween.AtpresenttheapplicationofthistypehalfshaftfewpickuptruckonlyonindividualapplicationssuchasWarsaw,M20vehicles.4.Automobileaxlehousing:1)theoverallshell-stylebridgeBridgeshellduetotheoverallstrengthandstiffnessperformance,easeofmainreducerinstallation,adjustmentandmaintenance,andarewidelyused.Integralaxlehousingduetodifferentmanufacturingmethodscanbedividedintotheoverallfoundrytype,pressedintothemiddleofcastingsteelpipeandweldedsteelplate,suchasstamping.2)sub-typedriveaxlehousingSub-typeaxlehousingwillgenerallybedividedintotwosections,fromtwosectionsofaconnectingbolt.Sub-typeaxlehousingcastingandprocessingeasier.驱动桥处于动力传动系的末端，其基本功能是增大由传动轴或变速器传来的转矩，并将动力合理的分配给左、右驱动轮，另外还承受作用于路面和车架或车身之间的垂直立、纵向力和横向力。驱动桥一般由主减速器、差速器、车轮传动装置和驱动桥壳等组成。驱动桥的设计：驱动桥设计应当满足如下基本要求：1.选择的主减速比应能保证汽车具有最佳的动力性和燃料经济性。2.外形尺寸要小，保证有必要的离地间隙。3.齿轮及其他传动件工作平稳，噪声小。4.在各种转速和载荷下具有高的传动效率。5.在保证足够的强度、刚度条件下，应力求质量小，尤其是簧下质量应尽量小，以改善汽车平顺性。6.与悬架导向机构运动协调，对于转向驱动桥，还应与转向机构运动相协调。7.结构简单，加工工艺性好，制造容易，拆装、调整方便。驱动桥的分类驱动桥分非断开式与断开式两大类。1．非断开式驱动桥非断开式驱动桥也称为整体式驱动桥，其半轴套管与主减速器壳均与轴壳刚性地相连一个整体梁，因而两侧的半轴和驱动轮相关地摆动，通过弹性元件与车架相连。它由驱动桥壳1，主减速器，差速器和半轴组成。2．断开式驱动桥驱动桥采用独立悬架，即主减速器壳固定在车架上，两侧的半轴和驱动轮能在横向平面相对于车体有相对运动的则称为断开式驱动桥。为了与独立悬架相配合，将主减速器壳固定在车架（或车身）上，驱动桥壳分段并通过铰链连接，或除主减速器壳外不再有驱动桥壳的其它部分。为了适应驱动轮独立上下跳动的需要，差速器与车轮之间的半轴各段之间用万向节连接。．驱动桥的组成驱动桥主要由主减速器、差速器、半轴和驱动桥壳等组成。1．主减速器主减速器一般用来改变传动方向，降低转速，增大扭矩，保证汽车有足够的驱动力和适当的速皮。主减速器类型较多，有单级、双级、双速、轮边减速器等。1）单级主减速器由一对减速齿轮实现减速的装置，称为单级减速器。其结构简单，重量轻，东风BQl090型等轻、中型载重汽车上应用广泛。2）双级主减速器对一些载重较大的载重汽车，要求较大的减速比，用单级主减速器传动，则从动齿轮的直径就必须增大，会影响驱动桥的离地间隙，所以采用两次减速。通常称为双级减速器。双级减速器有两组减速齿轮，实现两次减速增扭。为提高锥形齿轮副的啮合平稳性和强度，第一级减速齿轮副是螺旋锥齿轮。二级齿轮副是斜齿圆柱齿轮。主动圆锥齿轮旋转，带动从动圆银齿轮旋转，从而完成一级减速。第二级减速的主动圆柱齿轮与从动圆锥齿轮同轴而一起旋转，并带动从动圆柱齿轮旋转，进行第二级减速。因从动圆柱齿轮安装于差速器外壳上，所以，当从动圆柱齿轮转动时，通过差速器和半轴即驱动车轮转动。