电力专业英语阅读与翻译 课件 7-Alternating-Current Electric Machines、8-Electric Machines

电力专业英语(7)Alternating-CurrentElectricMachines参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06ElectricalMachine电机电机的种类发电机generator电动机motor狭义的innarrowsense广义的inbroadsense旋转电机rotarymachine静止电机staticmachinegeneratormotortransformerOnlythese

willbediscussedElectricalMachine电机电机的种类交流电机ACmachine直流电机DCmachine根据输出accordingtooutput根据运行特点accordingtooperationfeature同步电机synchronousmachine异步电机asynchronousmachine感应电机inductionmachineElectricalMachine电机Exercise同步发电机异步电动机特性用途同步发电机synchronousgenerator异步电动机asynchronousmotor感应电机inductionmachine感应电机能有多少种组合？定子stator转子rotor电机的基本结构气隙airgapStructureofElectricalMachine电机结构固定的stationary旋转的revolvingrotatingturningrotaryComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.尝试翻译Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.重点关注asmallairgap作为介词的宾语，本身又带有较长的定语，这在翻译时容易造成句子拗口不通顺，可以适当拆解和调整语序，构造新的句子，把较长的定语以谓语的形式表示Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgap;theairgaprangesfrom0.4mmto4mm;thisdependson

thepowerofthemotor.ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotorsTherotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.尝试翻译Therotorisseparatedfromthestatorbyasmallairgapthatrangesfrom0.4mmto4mm,dependingonthepowerofthemotor.转子与定子通过气隙隔开，该气隙从0.4毫米到4毫米，这取决于电动机的功率。n.转子rotorstator翻译生词airgapn.定子n.气隙PrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors:

感应电动机的工作原理：Abalancedthree-phasesource（current）三相对称电源(电流)statorwindings定子绕组afieldrotatingatsynchronousspeedns产生ns同步速旋转磁场inducingvoltageinrotorwindings(current)转子绕组中感应出电动势(电流)relativemotionproducingatorqueacceleratingrotortonfollowingns产生转矩加速转子以nr跟随nsnr<ns“asynchronous”“异步”由来ComponentsandPrincipleofoperationofInductionMotors尝试翻译Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻译其数值取决于滑差因而由电动机的速度决定。说明句中出现了省略的情况。事实上，从逻辑上讲，连词and连接了两个并列的谓语，分别是dependsupontheslip和dependsuponthespeedofthemotor，其中第二个谓语的动词depend省略了，在翻译时应注意。Itsvaluedependsupontheslipandhenceuponthespeedofthemotor.生词n.滑差slipEquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors尝试翻译Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.解释说明等效电路equivalentcircuit类似similarto旋转变压器rotarytransformer整个句子的意思大致就是绕线式电机的等效电路类似旋转变压器重点关注句中的三个that用法各不相同Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.第一个that引导了一个名词短语thatofatransformer，

代指equivalentcircuit，作为besimilarto的宾语。第二个that与so遥相呼应，组成一个词组so…that…，

表示“如此…以至…”。第三个与前面的内容构成句型itisnotsurprisingthat，实际上它是引导了一个宾语从句。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors重点关注为了便于理解和翻译，句子可以拆解为Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissosimilartothatofatransformerthatitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.Thisequivalentcircuitofawound-rotorinductionmotorissimilartothatofatransformer;soitisnotsurprisingthatthewound-rotorinductionmotorissometimescalledarotarytransformer.EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotors翻译绕线式感应电动机的这个等效电路与变压器的如此类似，以至绕线式感应电动机有时被称为旋转变压器并不奇怪。equivalentcircuitofawound-rotormotor：绕线式电动机等效电路：similartoatransformer（“rotarytransformer”）类似变压器（“旋转变压器”）start-up(s=1)tosynchronousspeed(s=0)

从起动(s=1)一直到同步速(s=0)EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsTheequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cageinductionmotoristhesame,exceptthatR2isthenequaltotheequivalentresistancer2oftherotoralonereferredtothestator,therebeingnoexternalresistor.尝试翻译翻译鼠笼式感应电动机的等效电路是一样的，不过R2等于折算到定子侧的转子自己的等效电阻r2

，没有额外的电阻。说明词组referto表示“折算到”。介词except有两个宾语，一是that从句，一是therebe的动名词短语。EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsequivalentcircuitofasquirrel-cagemotor：鼠笼式电动机等效电路：sametoawound-rotormotor

和绕线式一样noexternalrotorresistor

转子没有外接电阻EquivalentCircuitandCharacteristicsofInductionMotorsSynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.尝试翻译重点关注Thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.解释说明dependon的主语是什么？SynchronousMachine同步电机frequency句子的主干frequencydependsonthespeedoftherotor.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsThefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltagesandoftheresultingcurrentsthatflowinthestatorwindingswhenaloadisconnecteddependsonthespeedoftherotor.重点关注翻译感应出的交流电压的频率和接有负荷时流过定子的电流的频率，取决于转子的速度。说明句中出现了省略的情况。事实上，连词and连接了两个并列的主体，共同作为整个句子的主语，共用一个谓语动词depend。这两个主体分别是thefrequencyoftheinducedalternatingvoltages和thefrequencyoftheresultingcurrents，其中第二个短语的frequency省略了，在翻译时应注意。尝试翻译Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解释说明减少vtreduce增加，增大increase减少，缩小decrease这对反义词，有多种词性vt,vi,n减少，缩小vminish减少，减轻vlessen增加，增大vaugment增加vtaddSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解释说明reducetheamountofinsulationintheslots第一个

which指的是什么？increasethecrosssectionoftheconductors第二个

which指的是什么？SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解释说明因此therefore又，进而，接下来inturn因而henceSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enables

ustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermits

ustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.解释说明使我们可以（做什么）enableusto允许我们（去做什么）permitustoSynchronousGeneratorsandMotors尝试给出通顺的译文Wecanthereforereducetheamountofinsulationintheslotswhich,inturn,enablesustoincreasethecrosssectionoftheconductorswhichpermitsustoincreasethecurrentand,hence,thepoweroutputofthemachine.参考译文：因此，我们可以减少槽中的绝缘（介质）数量，使我们接下来可以增大导体的横截面以增大电流，进而提高电机的输出功率。句子中出现了含义接近、前后重复的内容enablesusto和permitsusto,在翻译时可以适当省略，以使句子简单明了。SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors

典型的500MW同步发电机及其直流励磁机的示意图和剖面图pilotexciter副励磁机，mainexiter主励磁机commutator换向器，slipring滑环，brush电刷SynchronousGenerator同步发电机frequencyofthesource电源频率

fixedspeedofrotation转速恒定ensure

确定Asynchronousmotor：同步电动机cannotstartbyitselfwithexcitation,canproducereactivepowerSynchronousMotors同步电动机SynchronousCondenserstartupasaninductionmotorsoftstart-up软起动作为感应电机起动具备励磁，可提供无功同步调相机不能自起动尝试翻译However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解释说明拥有，占有possess独特的，唯一的unique性质，财产property具有…性质；拥有…财产possess…propertySynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解释说明红字部分怎么理解？（同步电动机）用得没那么多，因为……areusednotsomuch,because

…这与后面的butbecause不匹配SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解释说明红字部分怎么理解？（同步电动机）用得如此之多，不是因为…而是因为…areusedsomuch,notbecause

…这与后面的butbecause可以匹配从教材中的上下文，看不出同步电动机用得很多SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors重点关注However,synchronousmotorsareusednotsomuchbecausetheyrunatconstantspeedbutbecausetheypossessotheruniqueelectricalproperties.解释说明红字部分怎么理解？（同步电动机）使用，不是主要因为…而是因为…areused,notsomuchbecause

…这与后面的butbecause可以匹配想一想，是不是这样？SynchronousGeneratorsandMotors翻译然而，使用同步电动机不仅仅是因为它们以恒定的速度运行，还由于它们具有其它独特的电气特性。本课程参考教材：朱永强《电力专业英语阅读与翻译》机械工业出版社2024-06电力专业英语(8)ElectricMachines参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06尝试翻译Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.generatinganACvoltage重点关注Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.解释说明相关的relevant不相关的irrelevant规则的regular不规则的irregular理性的，有理的rational无理性的，无理的irrational无理数irrationalnumbergeneratinganACvoltage重点关注Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.解释说明知识 n.[U]knowledge对…的了解aknowledgeof某一方面的总体认识认识，了解，熟悉 n.[C]generatinganACvoltage尝试翻译Irrelevantasitmayseem,thestudyofadcgeneratorhastobeginwithaknowledgeoftheacgenerator.参考译文可能看上去并不相关，直流发电机的研究必须从对交流发电机的了解开始。generatinganACvoltagegeneratinganACvoltagecoilrotatescutsacrossthefluxvoltageisinducedsliprings滑环线圈旋转

切割磁力线感应出电压

初级交流发电机示意图cutacross原意“抄近路通过”在这里指“切割”generatinganACvoltageRelationshipbetweeninductionvoltageandrotoranglemaximumwhenthecoilismomentarily

inthehorizontalpositionzerowhenthecoilismomentarily

intheverticalpositionpolaritychangeseveryhalfaturn线圈每转半圈电压极性变化一次线圈处于水平位置的瞬间，

感应电压最大线圈处于竖直位置的瞬间，

感应电压为零

generatinganDCvoltage初级直流发电机就是配备了称为换向器的机械整流器的交流发电机尝试翻译成英文？IfthebrushesinFig.8.lcouldbeswitchedfromoneslipringtotheothereverytimethepolaritywasabouttochange,wewouldobtainavoltageofconstantpolarityacrosstheload.尝试翻译翻译如果每次极性将要改变时图8-1中的电刷都能从一个滑环切换到另一个（滑环），就可以得到经过负荷的极性不变的电压。说明词组everytime引导了一个时间状语从句，在翻译时可以适当提前（按照中文的表达习惯，时间状语一般不出现在谓语动词的后面）。词组beaboutto表示“即将，将要，打算”。英文科技文献习惯用被动语态的形式表达，当不方便用被动语态时，往往用we作为主语构造主动语态的句子。而作为主语的we通常不必翻译。Direct-CurrentGeneratorAcommutatorinitssimplestformiscomposedofaslipringthatiscutinhalf,witheachsegmentinsulatedfromtheotheraswellasfromtheshaft.尝试翻译翻译形式最简单的换向器由一分为二的滑环组成，每一段在与轴绝缘的同时也彼此绝缘。说明词组initssimplestform意思是“以其最简单的形式”。词组cutinhalf意思是“切为两半”。词组aswellas表示“在…的同时也…”，需要注意的是，如果以（StateA）aswellas（StateB）的形式出现，则恰当的翻译方法是“在（StateB）的同时也（StateA）”。Direct-CurrentGenerator尝试翻译Commercialdcgeneratorsandmotorsarebuiltthesameway;consequently,anydcgeneratorcanoperateasamotorandviceversa.