电力专业英语阅读与翻译 课件 12-Insulation and Grounding

电力专业英语(12)InsulationandGrounding参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.尝试翻译1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.生词n.

电阻系数，电阻率resistivity

翻译然而，绝缘部分确实传导一些电流，因此必须被认为是一种具有很高电阻率的材料。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明句中does表示强调，可译为“确实”。and连接的两个谓语动词does和must共属一个主语insulation。so在此作为副词使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.尝试翻译2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.生词v.使臣服；使顺从subject翻译变压器的绝缘承受很高的静电应力和很大的机械压力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明谓语表意动词subject带有两个并列的介宾短语，也可以看作是两个并列动词短语的省略形式，补全应为：Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandissubjectedtolargemechanicalforces.。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.尝试翻译3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.生词n.

电介质强度，绝缘强度dielectricstrength

翻译选择陶瓷是因为它暴露在气象条件中时的抗老化能力、绝缘强度大以及雨中的清洗保洁能力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明becauseof带有三个并列的以its开头的宾语，在翻译时为了避免重复，这三个its不必都翻译。when引导的时间状语从句修饰的主体是itsresistancetodeterioration。另外，按照中文表述习惯，形如itshighdielectricstrength的短语常常译为主谓结构，即按itsdielectricstrengthishigh来翻译。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.尝试翻译4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.生词n.

环境；条件；状况；境况；dielectricstrength

翻译虽然在平常情况下绝缘材料很稳定，但在极端的电压应力或温度条件下，或者在某些化学作用下，其特性会完全改变。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristics部分相当于theircharacteristicsmaychangeradically，而且按照后者翻译，往往更符合中文表示习惯。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.尝试翻译5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.生词n.

协调；配合；协作；coordination翻译绝缘配合是电气设备绝缘与保护装置特性的相互关系，为的是保护绝缘免受过度的过电压。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明thecorrelationof…with…表示“…和…的相互关系”。suchthat在这里引导一个表示目的从句。词组beprotectedfrom表示“保护，使免受”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.尝试翻译6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.生词adj.联合的；共同的jointBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem翻译随着实验室技术的改进，因而不同实验室的结果近似一致，关于绝缘配合的Nema-Nela委员会成立并负责为所有种类设备确定绝缘强度，为各种电压分级确定水平。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明differentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults相当于testresultsofdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreement，而且按照后者的语序进行翻译，似乎更符合中文表述习惯。其中incloseragreementon表示“在…方面近似一致”。bechargedwiththetaskof相当于bechargedin，表示“承担…任务，负责…”。其中task带有两个修饰短语，分别是动名词形式establishing…和动词不定式形式toestablish。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.尝试翻译7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.生词n.推动作用，冲力作用impulse翻译300kV以上，除了雷电脉冲和1分钟工频试验之外，试验还包括开关脉冲电压的使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明inadditionto表示“除了……之外”，引导一个状语短语，在翻译时应提前。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Above300kV,inadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,testsincludetheuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.尝试翻译8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.v.

承受；经受住；顶住；withstand翻译脉冲试验电压通常被称为“基本绝缘水平”，定义为给定电压等级下的任何电气设备都必能承受的脉冲电压，也通常称为“脉冲耐受水平”。生词BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明bereferredtoas表示“作为…被提及”，beknownas表示“作为…被知晓”，为了翻译通顺，二者均可译为“被称为”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.尝试翻译9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.n.

统计特性；statisticalnature翻译过电压（尤其是开关过电压）的统计特性，有必要计算大量的过电压，以有一定信心确定系统的统计过电压。生词BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明inparticular表示“尤其，特别”，makeitnecessary表示“使…有必要”，为了翻译通顺，可简译为“有必要…”。其中it代指necessary后面的内容，以同位语的形式出现。withsomedegreeofconfidence表示“带有某种程度的信心”，是状语短语，翻译时可以从所修饰的动词后面移走，一般应提前。为了便于理解，该句子可以拆解为：Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages(inparticularswitchingovervoltages)makeitnecessary;inordertodeterminethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystemwithsomedegreeofconfidence,itisnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.尝试翻译10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.n.

击穿breakdown生词normaldistributionGaussiandistributionn.

正态分布n.

高斯分布BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明短语thatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdown的作用相当于一个同位语从句，与thedata所指相同。withsomeexceptions是状语短语，意思是“具有某些例外”，在翻译时可以从动词后移走，一般应提前。以asdoes为引导的部分为一个倒装句。翻译外部自恢复绝缘体的电介质强度通过实验室进行的试验来确定，电气击穿的数据按统计规律控制，具有随机性。此外，还发现对于给定的气隙而言，击穿的分布除了个别例外近似遵循正态分布或高斯分布，系统中的过电压分布也是这样。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.尝试翻译11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.生词n.电路；线路impulse翻译接地定义为电路或电气设备借以连接到大地或适合代替大地的较大导体的故意的或意外的导通连接。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明介词＋连词构成的引导词bywhich引导的定语从句和短语whetherintentionaloraccidental修饰的主体都是aconductingconnection。句中tosomeconductingbody与isconnectedtotheearth并列，前面省略了动词isconnected部分。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerS