Oracle11gR2数据库安装指南

OraclellgR2数据库安装指南

文档作者:王锐

创建日期:

确认日期:

控制编码:

1.概述错误!未定义书签。

2.系统环境配置错误!未定义书签。

2.1.硬件环境检查及配置错误!未定义书签。

2.2.软件环境检查及配置错误!未定义书签。

3.安装Gridinfrastructure错误!未定义书签。

4.安装Database软件错误!未定义书签。

5.创建数据库实例错误!未定义书签。

6.验证数据库状态错误!未定义书签。

1.概述

本文档的目的是为了给出Oracle1lgR2数据库在ECSSSD上的安装配置示例。便于用户在阿里

云环境部署Oracle数据库支撑环境。本次安装所采用的系统平台OS：CentOS6.5,ORACLE数据库为

llgR2数据库。

2.系统环境配置

硬件：ECS高级配置，16核、64GB内存、20GB本地存储、4块SSD存储（100GB1块，200GB3

块）

软件：阿里云CentOS6.5,Oracle11gR2（grid+database+ASM,建议11gR2最新版本

）

2.1.硬件环境检查及配置

1.检查内存和SWAP

检查内存：最少2GB,实际上OS自身就需要1GB多，数据库本身需要2GB以上，所以实际内存至

少4GB以上。

#grepMemTotal/proc/meminfo

#grepSwapTotal/proc/meminfo

配置SWAP：ECS缺省SWAP没有配置。

AvailableRAMSwapSpaceRequired

Between1GBand2GB1.5timesthesizeoftheRAM

Between2GBand16GBEqualtothesizeoftheRAM

Morethan16GB16GB

由于ECS只提供20GB本地盘，所以建议挂载一块SATA磁盘作为软件安装和SWAP空间。建议磁盘

大小为25GB以上(SWAP16GB,Orac为5GB,Grid3.5GB)0可以参考：

ttfdisk-1

[root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#fdisk-1

Disk/dev/xvda:21.5GB,21474836480bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,2610cylinders

Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:0x00078f9c

Id

DeviceBootstartEndBlocks83system

/dev/xvdal*1261120970496Linux

Disk/dev/xvdb:214.7GB,214748364800bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,26108cylinders

Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:0x00000000

Disk/dev/xvdc:214.7GB,214748364800bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,26108cylinders

units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:0x00000000

Disk/dev/xvdd:214.7GBV214748364800bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,26108cylinders

units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:0x00000000

Disk/dev/xvde:107.4GB,107374182400bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders

Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:0x00000000

Sfdisk/dev/xvde

[root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#fdisk/dev/xvde

DevicecontainsneitheravalidDOSpartitiontabie,norsun,SGIorOSFdiskiabel

BuildinganewDOSdiskiabelwithdiskidentifier0x4c0436c3.

Changeswillremaininmemoryonly,unti1youdecidetowritethem.

Afterthat,ofcourse,thepreviouscontentwon*tberecoverable.

warning:invalidflagOxOOOOofpartitiontabie4willbecorrectedbyw(rite)

WARNING：DOS-compatiblemodeisdeprecated.It*sstronglyrecommendedto

switchoffthemode(command'c')andchangedisplayunitsto

sectors(commandru').

Command(mforhelp):n

commandaction

eextended

pprimaryparririon(1-4)

P

partitionnumber(1-4):1

Firstcyl1nder(1-13054,default1):

usingdefaultvalue1

Lastcylinder,+cylindersor+size{K,M,G1(1-13054,default13054):

Usingdefaulrvalue13054

command(mforhelp):wq

Thepartitiontabiehasbeenaltered!

Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable,

syncingdisks.

[root@iZ23pbxddnmz|

#fdisk-1

Disk/dev/xvde:107.4GB,107374182400bytes

255heads,63sectors/track,13054cylinders

Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes

sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes

Diskidentifier:Ox4cO436c3

Id

DeviceBoorstartEndBlocks83system

/dev/xvdel113054104856223+Linux

[root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#I

#4/dev/xvdel

格式化为exl3或者ext4

[root@iZ23pbxddnmz〜]#mkfs.ext4/dev/xvdel

mke2fs1.41.12(17-May-2O1O)

Filesystemlabel=

ostype:Linux

Blocksize=4096(loq=2)

Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)

Stride=0blocks,Stripewidth=0blocks

6553600inodes,26214055blocks

1310702blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser

Firstdatablock=0

Maximumfilesystemblocks=4294967296

800blockgroups

32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup

8192inodespergroup

superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:

32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632,2654208,

4096000,7962624,11239424,20480000,23887872

writinginodetables:done

Creatingjournal(32768blocks):done

writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:done

Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery32mountsor

180days,whichevercomesfirst,usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.

[root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#I

使用"echo'/dev/xvdel/uOlext4defaults00'>>/etc/fstab”（不含引号）命

令写入新分区信息。

然后使用“cat/etc/fstab”命令查看，出现以下信息就表示写入成功。

#echo'/dev/xvdel/uOlext4defaults00'»/etc/fstab

；root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#echo'/dev/xvdel/mntext4defaults00*»/etc/fstab

；root@iz23pbxddnmzcat/etc/fstab

#

#/etc/fstab

#CreatedbyanacondaonThuAug1421:16:422014

#

#Accessiblefilesystems,byreference,aremaintainedunder'/dev/disk'

#seemanpagesfstab(5),findfs(8),mount(8)and/orblkid(8)formoreinfo

#

UUID=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee/ext4defaults,barrier=011

tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults00

devpts/dev/ptsdevptsid=5,mode=62000

sysrs/syssysfs3efaults00

proc/procprocdefaults00

none/proc/xenxenfsdefaults00

/dev/xvdel/mntext4defaults00

[root@iZ23pbxddnmz〜]#I

创建磁盘挂载目录:

ttmkdir/uOl

挂载磁盘:

mount-a

I[root@iz23pbxddnmz/]#df-h1

FilesystemSizeusedAvailuse%Mountedon

/dev/xvdal20G19G274M99%/

tmpfs32G8.OK32G1%/dev/shm

/dev/xvdel99G188M94G1%/uOl

配置SWAP,和内存一样大--16GB

#grepMemTotal/proc/meminfo

#ddif=/dev/zeroof=/u01/swapbs=1024Mcount=16

#/sbin/mkswap/uOl/swap

#/sbin/swapon/uOl/swap

#vi/etc/fstab

/uOl/swapswapswapdefaults00

free-m

[root@iz23pbxddnmz〜]#free-m

totalusedfreesharedbufferscached

Mem:644113308531325039130491

-/+buffers/cache:220362208

swap：16383016383

2.设置共享内存

Oracle的SGA+PGA内存大小受限于linux的共享内存大小，最佳实践通常SGA+PGA设置为物理内

存的60-70%,所以根据物理内存的70%设定为64GB*0.7=45GB左右。

#df-h

cp/etc/fstab/etc/

vi/etc/fstab

mount-oremount/dev/shm

df-h

#

#/etc/fstab

CreatedbyanacondaonThuAug1421:16:422014

#

*Accessiblefilesystems,byreference,aremaintainedunder'/dev/disk,

Seemanpagesfstab(5),findfs(8),mount(8)and/orblkid(8)formoreinfo

UUlD=94e4e384-0ace-437f-bc96-057dd64f42ee/ext4defaults,barrier=O11

tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults,size=45875M00

devpts/dev/ptsdevptsqid=5,mode=62000

sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00

proc/procprocdefaults00

none/proc/xenxenfsdefaults00

/dev/xvdel/uOlext4defaults00

一

u•---■一--r-ih--

rrotz23e#t

LOapbdhmou-oremount/dev/sh(n

也h

LrrOotz23pbde#

i1eu•1

Fsystzee1

/dev/xVd24G7Guse%Mountedon

tmpfs48oK45G13%

/de/d•1%/dev/shm

/VxV917G78G

rt.18%/uOl

Lroo@1z

3.设置临时文件夹空间

要求大于1GB,高配置ECS缺省满足条件

.•

[rtT

Fioos23pmzzedf-h

/d/ems2loGusedAvailuse%Mountedon

leal

tms45G9.8G8.8G53%/

zdev24G22G53%/dev/shm

99。

pf24G70G26%/uOl

ev

2.2.软件环境检查及配置

1.关闭防火墙

ECS缺省关闭可以忽略。

#sed-i〃s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/"/etc/seiinux/config

ttsetenforce0

2.安装依赖包

确定操作系统版本：

#uname-r

2.6.32-431.233.el6.x86_64

在LinuxX86_64操作系统上Oracle需要以下软件包：

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6(x86_64)

compat-libcapl-1.10-l(x86_64)

compat-1ibstdc++-33~3.2.6(x86_64)

compat-1ibstdc++-33-3.2.6.i686

gcc-4.4.6(x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.6(x86_64)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6(i686)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6(x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6(x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686

ksh

libgcc-4.4.6(i686)

libgcc-4.4.6(x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.6(x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.6.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.4.6(x86_64)

1ibstdc++-devel_4.4.6.i686

libaio-0.3.6(x86_64)

libaio-0.3.6.1686

libaio-devel-0.3.6(x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.6.1686

make-3.6

sysstat-9.0.6(x86_64)

如果使用IL2.0.2以上版本，只需要除gcc-32bit-4.3以外的64位包，32位包不需要。

#rpm-qbinutilscompat-libcaplcompat-libstdc++gccgcc-c++glibcglibc-devel

kshlibgcclibstdc++libstdc++-devellibaiolibaio-develmakesysstatunixODBC*

根据需要安装以下包：

#yuminstallcompat-libcapl*compat-libstdc++*glibc*libgcc*libstdc++*

libaio*elfutils-libelf*unixODBC*pdksh*ksh*glibc-devel.i686Iibstdc++.i686

Iibstdc++-devel.i686Iibaio.i686libaio-devel.i686

[root@iz23pbxddnmzhome]#rpm-qbinutilscompat-libcaplcompat-1ibstdc++gccgcc-c++glibcglibc-deve

1kshlibgcclibstdc++1ibstdc++-devellibaiolibaio-develmakesysstat

binutils-2.-5.36.el6.x86_64

compat-1ibcapl-1.10-1.x86_64

packagecompat-1ibstdc++isnotinstalled

gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.X86.64

gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86__64

glibc-2.12-1.149.e!6.x86_64

glibc-2.12-l.149.el6.1686

glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6.x86_64

glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6.1686

ksh-20120801-21.e16.1.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.1686

libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

1ibstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.i686

1ibstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.1686

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

11baio-devel-O.3.107-10.el6.x86_64

libaio-devel-O.3.107-10.el6.1686

make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64

sysstat-9.0.4-22.el6.x86_64

[root@iz23pbxddnmzhome]#|

3.禁止transparent_hugepage参数

ECS缺省关闭，可忽略

如需修改请添加以下内容到/etc/file:

transparent_hugepage=never

然后重启系统

4.创建用户及用户组

#groupaddoinstall

#groupadddba

#useradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

#passwdoracle

#idoracle

将oracle用户加入到sudo群组

#vi/etc/sudoers

找到rootALL=(ALL)ALL这行，并且在底下再加入oracleALL=(ALL)ALL

5.修改Oracle用户资源限制

目前ECS缺省值为：

$ulimit-Sn

65535

$ulimit-Hn

65535

$ulimit-Su

1024

$ulimit-Hu

515130

$ulimit-Ss

10240

$ulimit-Hs

unlimited

修改#vi/etc/security/

oraclesoftnofile1024

oraclehardnofile65536

oraclesoftnproc2047

#oraclehardnproc16384

oraclesoftstack10240

oraclehardstack32768

#如果使用ASM

gridsoftnofile1024

gridhardnofile65536

gridsoftnproc2047

gridhardnproc16384

gridsoftstack10240

gridhardstack32768

6.编辑/etc/pam.d/login

#vi/etc/pam.d/login

添加以下两行

sessionrequired/lib64/security/pam_

sessionrequiredpam_

7.配置系统内核参数

#vim/etc/

fs.aio-max-nr=

fs.file-max=

1=

x=#一半物理内存

i=4096

=25032000100128

4.ip_local_port_range=900065500

.rmem_default=262144

.rmem_max=

.wmem_default=262144

.wmem_max=

vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501

#oracle用户组dbaid为501,以彻底解决ORA-27125错误。

修改完成后执行使之生效

itsysctl-p

8.修改/etc/profile

#vi/etc/profile

将以下代码新增到profile档案中

if[$USER="oracle"];then

if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then

ulimit-p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384-n65536

fi

umask022

fi

9.oracle用户环境变量配置

#suoracle

$vim.bash_profile

#添加下面内容

exportORACLE_BASE=/uOl/app/oracle

exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_l

exportORACLE_SID=orcl

exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

$source/home/oracle/.bash_profile

$env

10.创建安装目录并赋权

#mkdir-p/u01/app/orac1e

#chown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl

#chmod-R775/uOl

11.上传Oracle软件

3.安装Gridinfrastructure

1.1.安装ASMlib

1.2.创建grid用户

#groupaddasmadmin

#groupaddasmdba

#groupaddasmoper

#useradd-d/home/grid-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dbagrid

#passwdgrid

#idgrid

添力Uasmdba给Oracle用户

#usermod-goinstall-Gdba,asmdbaoracle

#idoracle

1.3.创建grid用户安装目录并赋权

#mkdir-p/uOl/app/grid

#mkdir-p/u01/app/ll.2.O/grid

#chown-Rgrid:oinstall/uOl

#chown-Roracle:oinstall/uO1/app/orac1e

1.4.安装ASMLib

#yuminstallkmod-oracleasm

#yuminstalloracleasmlib-2.0.6.x86_64.rpm

#yuminstalloracleasm-support-2.1.6.x86_64.rpm

linuxi72ipbxddnmZ?.6.32-431.?3.3.e16.x86_64*1SMPThuJul3117:2O:S1UTC2014x86_6dx86_64x86_64GNU,Linux

[root@iz23pbxddnmzoracle]#yuminstallkmod-oracleasm

Loadedplugins:refresh-packagekit,security

Repositorybaseislistedmorethanonceintheconfiguration

Repositoryupdatesislistedmorethanonceintheconfiguration

RepositoryextrasislistedmorethanonceinTheconfiguration

Repositorycentosplusislistedmorethanonceintheconfiguration

Repositorycontribislistedmorethanonceintheconfiguration

base

epel

epel/primary_db

extras

updates

SettingupinsxallProcess

ResolvingDependencies

-->Runningtransactioncheck

-->Packageknod-oracleastn.x86_640:2.0.8-4.el6_6willbeinstalled

-->ProcessingDependency:kernel(get_user_paqes_fast)=Oxa2046a95forpackage:knK)d-oracleasm-?.0.8-4.el6_6.x86_64

-->ProcessingDependency:kernel>-2.6.32-504.e16forpackage:kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-4.el6_6.x86.64

-->Runningtransactioncheck

—>packagekernel.x86_640:2.6.32-504.3.3.el6willbeinstalled

一>ProcessingDependency:kernel-firmware>=2.6.32-504.3.3.el6forpackage:kernel-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_64

-->Runningtransactioncheck

—>Packagekernel-firmware.noarch0:2.6.32-431.23.3.el6wi11beupdated

—>Packagekernel-firnwrare.noarch0:2.6,32-504.3.3.el6willbeanupdate

-->FinishedDependencyResolution

DependenciesResolved

packageArchversionRepositorySize

installing:

kmod-oracleasmx86_642.0.8-4.el6_6updates

Installingfordependencies:

kernelx86_642.6.32-504.3.3.el6updates

updatingfordependencies:

kernel-firmwarenoarch2.6.32-504.3.3.el6updates

Transactionsunmary

install2Package(s)

Upgrade1package(s)

Totaldownloadsize:44M

ISthisok[y/N]:y

DownloadingPackages:

(1/3):kernel-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86„64.rpm29MB00:02

(2/3J:kernel-firnwuare-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.noarch.rpm14MB00:01

(3/3):knod-oracleasin-2.0.8-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm35k800:00

Total9.4MB/S|44M8

Runningrpm_check,.debug

RunningTransactionTest

TransactionTestSucceeded

RunningTransaction

warning:RPMDBalteredoutsideofyum.

Updating:kernel-firmware-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.noarch1/4

Installing:kernel-2.6.32-504.3.3.el6.x86_642/4

installIng:kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-4.el6_6.x86_643/4

cleanup:kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.noarch4/4

unabletoconnecttodbus

verifying:kernel-firmware-2.6.32-504.3.3.e16.noarch1/4

verifying:kernel-2.6.32-504,3.3.el6.x86_642/4

verifying:kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-4.el6_6.x86_643/4

verifying:kernel-f1rmware-2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.noarch4/4

Installed:

kmod-oracleasn.x86_640:2.0.8-4.el6_6

Dependencyinstalled:

kernel.x86_640:2.6.32-504.3.3.el6

Dependencyupdated:

kernel-firmware.noarch0:2.6.32-504.3.3.el6

complete!

[root0lz23pbxddnmzoracle]#I

设置ASM驱动

#/usr/sbin/oracleasmconfigure-i

#使用oracle/dba或者grid/asmdba作为参数

#/etc/init.d/oracleasmenable

[root@iz23pbxddnmzoracle]#/usr/sbin/oracleasmconfigure-i

ConfiguringtheOracleASMlibrarydriver.

Thiswillconfiguretheon-bootpropertiesoftheoracleASMlibrary

driver.Thefollowingquestionswilldeterminewhetherthedriveris

loadedonbootandwhatpermissionsitwillhave.Thecurrentvalues

willbeshowninbrackets('口').Hitting<ENTER>withouttypingan

answerwillkeepthatcurrentvalue.Ctr1-cwillabort.

Defaultusertoownthedriverinterface[]:grid

Defaultgrouptoownthedriverinterface[]:asmadmin

StartoracleASMlibrarydriveronboot(y/n)[n]:y

scanforOracleASMdisksonboot(y/n)[y]:y

writingoracleASMlibrarydriverconfiguration:done

[root@iZ23pbxddnmzoraclej#|

2.准备ASM使用存储

#fdisk/dev/xvdb

#/usr/sbin/orac1easmcreatediskDATA1/dev/xvdbl

Writingdiskheader:done

Instantiatingdisk:done

#/usr/sbin/oracleasmcreatediskDATA2/dev/xvdcl

Writingdiskheader:done

Instantiatingdisk:done

#/usr/sbin/orac1easmcreatediskDATA3/dev/xvddl

Writingdiskheader:done

Instantiatingdisk:done

#/etc/init.d/oracleasmena