初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词精讲精练

初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词精讲精练定语从句讲解及练习定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.

Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句语从句。

例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.

HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.

Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.

MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.

有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?

ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.

4)“that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构，尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。

ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.

DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.

ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.

5)“which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：

Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.定语从句专项练习

1．Thisistheplace_____Johnwasborn?

A．which

B．where

C.when

D．that

2.

Heistheonlyperson____Iwanttotalkto.

A.that

B.which

C.who

D.whose

3．Isthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek?

A．theone

B．that

C．whichD．one

4．Thehighbuilding_____standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation．

A．which

B．that

C．infrontofit

D.infrontofwhich

5．MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane_____shewillliketoplay．

A．which

B．that

C．forwhich

D．withwhich

6．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.

A．until

B．that

Cwhen

D．where

7．Therearetimes_____IwonderwhyIdothisjob．

A．as

B．while

C．which

D．when

8．AfterlivinginLondonforthirtyyears，MrSmithreturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild．

which

B．where

Cthat

D．when

9．Theyhadalongtalkaboutthepersonsandthings_____theybothknew．

A．whom

B．what

C.that

D．which

10．Thatistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.

A．that

B．which

C．what

D．as

11．Whoisthescientist_____isgoingtogiveusatalkonspacethisSunday?

A．that

B．who

C.which

D．whom

12．Thedays_____wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.

A.when

B．which

C．who

D．onwhich

13．Apenfriendofmine______IoftenreceivelettersaskedmeforsomeChinesecoins.

A．who

B．whom

C．towho

D．from

whom

14．Perhapsthisistheonlyshop_____youcangetsuchcheapgoods.

A.that

B．ofwhich

C．bywhich

D．where

15．Icanstillremembertheplace_____

mybrotherandIusedtositintheevening.

A．which

B．what

C.that

D．where

16.Thefirstthing____weshoulddoistowatertheflowersinfrontoftheroom..

A.which

B.as

C.what

D.that

17．Thatisthehotel____westayedlastyear.

A.inthat

B.inwhich

C.why

D.atwhich

18.