第06讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（学生版）

►第06讲非谓语动词之动词不定式（讲义）【复习目标】1.掌握动词不定式的结构和句法功能，重点复习不定式作状语、宾语和补语2.动词不定式的时态和语态3.不定式的特殊用法4.不定式符号to的省略5.跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳6.练透近年中考真题中关于非谓语动词的题目，感悟高考命题规律和特点，实现高效备考。【考情分析】从近三年中考卷可以看出，对非谓语动词中不定式的考查是必考点，主要是考查非谓语动词作补语、定语和目的状语以及不定式作形式主语。考查的都是不定式的基本用法，但是题目的设置更加注重语境以及情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。因此，2024年中考备考要掌握不定式相关用法，熟悉动词不定式常用搭配。名词题型命题规律非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为非谓语动词的动词不定式是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。【网络构建】非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定在句中的作用（主、宾、表、宾补、定、状）非谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：现在分词doing过去分词done分词用法（表、补、定、状）考向一动词不定式的结构和句法功能动词不定式的结构动词不定时的构成：不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。肯定式：to+动词原形It’snicetomeetyou.(2)否定式：notto+动词原形Hetoldmenottoleavethisroom(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?—Helikestoplaybasketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3.不定式作宾语补足语tell,ask,want,allow,warn,advise,invite,get,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。4.不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。注意：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。Theroomisbigenoughfor10peopletolivein.表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。注意：下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。（2）主语是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前进是现在唯一的出路。不定式作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。Togetthereontime,wesetoutatfiveinthemorning.Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.考向二动词不定式的特殊用法不定式的特殊用法①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被动形式为tobedone。►Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。►Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳跟动词不定式的情况总结归纳：（加强记忆）=1\*GB3①动词：agreetodo同意去做；affordtodo买得起；decidetodo决定去做某事；hopetodo希望去做；wishtodo希望去做；failtodo做某事失败去；plantodo打算去做；pretendtodo假装去做；refusetodo拒绝去做；wouldliketodo=wanttodo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodosth好像做某事；usedtodosth.过去常做某事=2\*GB3②句型.allowsb.todosth.允许某人去做某事ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）followsb.todosth.跟随某人去做某事getsb.todosth.让某人做某事warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事beexcited/glad/happy/sorry/frightened/amazed/surprisedtodosth.be/getreadytodosth.准备做某事can’twaittodosth.迫不急待地去做某事get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会It’s+adj.+(forsb.)todosth./It’s+adj.+(ofsb.)todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时候了too…(forsb.)to…太……以致不能……==not…enoughtodo（常考）prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿……而不愿……（常考）somethingtoeat/drink一些吃/喝的东西Sth.ishard/difficult/easytodo做好某事很难/容易taketurnstodosth.轮流做……Thereisnotime(forsb.)todosth.对（某人来说）没时间做某事了Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.对某人来说没必要做某事try/doone’sbesttodosth.尽力去做某事havenochoicebuttodosth别无选择只能做某事havesomething/nothingtodowithsb与......有关/无关一、单项选择1．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）—CanIhelpyou,sir?—I’dliketohavesomeone________thisletter.A．e-mailed B．toe-mail C．e-mailing D．e-mail2．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Thenaughtyboysweremade________theirmathshomeworkthenextday.A．handingup B．handout C．tohandin D．tohandingoff3．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）________abrightfuture,weteenagersshouldstudyhardandkeepingoodhealth.A．Get B．Toget C．Getting D．Got4．（2023·福建福州·模拟预测）________hurtingyourself,youshouldstayawayfromtheboilingwater.A．Avoiding B．Avoid C．Toavoid5．（2023·四川自贡·一模）Mr.Wangissuchagreatteacherthathealwaysdoeswhathecan________us.A．help B．tohelp C．helping6．（2023·四川凉山·模拟预测）Whenthemotherheardherbabydaughtersayherfirstword,shefeltsoexcitedthatshemadeashortvideoonTikTok(抖音)________herjoy.A．shared B．share C．toshare D．sharing7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Wewon’tallow________inthesupermarket.—Butweareallowed________intherestroom.A．smoking;smoking B．tosmoke;smokingC．tosmoke;tosmoke D．smoking;tosmoke8．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·三模）Ms.Chou,Iwilltellyoumylittlesecretifyoupromise________anyoneelse.A．totell B．tell C．nottotell D．nottell9．（2023·江苏镇江·统考一模）I’mhappythatJudyhasbecomethefirstone________fivebooksduringtheReadingWeek.A．finished B．tofinish C．finishing D．finishes10．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模）MrWangoftenencouragesus________closetonatureandenjoyitsbeauty.A．get B．getting C．toget D．gets11．（2023·重庆九龙坡·三模）Tomysurprise,myparentsagreed__________totheconcertwithme.A．go B．going C．togo D．went12．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Thewillowcatkins(柳絮)areoftenseen________inHuaianinMay.A．swim B．toswim C．swimming D．swam13．（2023·重庆永川·统考一模）Theteacheroftentellsus________others’homeworkbecauseit’sbadforus.A．nottocopy B．tonotcopy C．nottocopying D．tonotcopying14．（2023·福建福州·三模）Colemadeasurvey________howmanycitieshavehostedtheOlympicGames.A．findout B．tofindout C．foundout15．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）Myfatheroftentellsme________toomuchtime________computergames.A．nottospend;play B．tospend;play C．nottocost;playing D．nottospend;playing16．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）WangHuigetsupearlyeverymorning________running.A．practice B．topractice C．practices D．practicing17．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）It’simportantforus________hardinordertohaveabetterlife.A．worked B．working C．work D．towork18．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）Mr.Brownaskedustostop________andwestopped________tohimatonce.A．talking;tolisten B．totalk;tolisten C．talking;listening19．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模）—Jim,whatmakesyou________soexcited?—IwillvisitaChinesefamilytomorrow.A．tofeel B．feel C．feeling20．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）Wefound________veryinteresting________English.A．it;learning B．it;tolearn C．that;tolearn D．this;learning二、用所给单词适当形式填空21．（2023·云南昆明·模拟预测）PangMengwantedthemagicmedicinefromChange’e.(steal)22．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）He’smadeadecision(giveup)thechancetogoabroad.23．（2023·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）Weshouldmakearightplanforourselvesandtryourbest(reach)ourgoals.24．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）Wearesupposed(do)somehouseworkforourparentswhenwehavefreetime.25．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）Tomwantstoinviteme(play)basketball.26．（2023·甘肃白银·统考二模）Hismothertoldhim(wait)forherathome.27．（2023·甘肃白银·统考三模）Hermothertoldher(take)outtherubbishafterlunch.28．（2023·甘肃定西·统考一模）MissWhitealwaystellsus(read)thetextaloud.29．（2023·甘肃庆阳·统考一模）OurEnglishteacheroftenencouragesus（study）hard.30．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Everyoneneeds(avoid)makingthesamemistakes.31．（2023·湖北武汉·一模）Theteacher’shelpmadeitpossibleforme(make)somuchprogress.32．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）Asanimal-lovers,theydoeverythingtheycan(save)wildanimals.33．（2023·江苏淮安·统考二模）MyEnglishteacheroftenadvisesus(practice)speakingmoreoften.34．（2023·江苏淮安·三模）Itiseasyforpeople(travel)aroundHuai’anbytram(有轨电车).35．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）Thebuswaslate.Thepooroldmanhadnochoicebut(wait)intherain.三、语法填空（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）Thursday

July3rd

SunnyTodaywasthethirddayofourtrip.MyparentsandIwalkedfifteenmilestoreachafarawayvillage.Wewantedtorent（租赁）36housethere.Therewasonlyoneemptyhouse.Wefoundouttheowner.Hetoldusnot37it.Noonelikedtolivetherefortherewasaghost（鬼）.Butdadsaiditcouldbeoneofourexciting38inourtripandwehadthathouseatlast.Atnight,wequicklyfellasleep39weweretootiredafteraday’swalk.Suddenly,IfeltI40byacoldhand.Igotupandfeltscared.No,itwasnoghostbutmom.Butshewasshaking.Iasked41.Shesaidnothingbutpointedtothewindow.Yes,somebodyseemedtobemovingabout.Thesoundwassometimesonthetopofthehouseand42ontheground.Evenitseemedtoflythroughtheair.Wewerealltooscaredtomove.Aftersometime,dadandImadeupourmindtogooutand43.Butwhendadopenedthedoor.Ifelteven44.Iheardthesoundasbefore,butsawnoone.Andthensuddenlyallwasclear.Therewasanowlflyingabout.Someonehadtiedbells45itslegs,whichmadeasoundwheneveritmoved.Wehadagoodlaughandwenttosleep.Whatanunforgettableexperienceitwas!36．A．a B．an C．the D．/37．A．buy B．tobuy C．take D．totake38．A．secret B．secrets C．experience D．experiences39．A．although B．before C．because D．unless40．A．touch B．amtouched C．touched D．wastouched41．A．whydidshetouchmeB．whyshetouchedmeC．howdidshetouchme D．howshetouchedme42．A．hardly B．usually C．always D．sometimes43．A．see B．saw C．hear D．heard44．A．scared B．morescared C．interested D．moreinterested45．A．to B．for C．from D．with一、用所给单词适当填空1．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Ourgovernmenthastakenaction(make)lifeinthecountrysidebetter.2．ThespiritofLeiFengtellsus（help）peopleinneed.3．（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）I’vedecided（stay）awayfromfriedfoodandsoftdrinkssinceIhadmymedicalexam.二、完成句子4．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）多吃蔬菜和水果有助于人们保持健康。Eatingmorevegetablesandfruitshelpspeople.5．（2023·陕西·统考中考真题）喝水对我们的身体有好处。It’sgoodforusto.6．（2023·甘肃武威·统考中考真题）每日练习对学习英语来说很重要。It’stoEnglisheveryday.三、单项选择7．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes.________thefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.A．Tocatch B．Catching C．Caught D．Catches8．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Ourartteacherencouragesus________colorfulthingsinlife.A．lookfor B．looksfor C．lookingfor D．tolookfor9．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）________thequalityofPEclasses,someschoolsputsmarttechnologyin