专题12 定语从句-初中英语重要语法精讲精练（江苏专用）

第第页专题12定语从句定语从句关系词一、定语从句的构成ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when,where,why二、关系代词作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语代指人：who，whom，that，whose代指物：that，which，whose关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Themanwhom/whoInoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrarywhichyouborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heisthemanthat/who/whomItoldyouabout.5.whose在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替his，her，their，its.whose指人也指物指物时=ofwhich指人时=ofwhomThisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.DoyouknowthegirlwhosefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlofwhomthefatherdiedinIraq.DoyouknowthegirlthefatherofwhomdiedinIraq.【例题】Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.A.that B.it C.what D.which【答案】Dwho,whom,whose,which,that口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾语【练习】1).Thisisthehouse__________wasbuiltlastyear.2).Theboy_______________wesawyesterdaywasJohn’sbrother.3).Thecar__________myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.4).Thatistheman____________wewerelookingfor.5).Thehouse_____________windowarebrokenbelongstomygrandfather.6).Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.【答案】1.which/that2.that/whom/who/\3.that/which/\4.who/whom/that/\5.whose/ofwhichthe6.who/that注意点：注意点：★只用that不用which的情况①当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。②还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.③以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which或who时,都只能用that=4\*GB3④当先行词被theonly，thevery修饰时表示强调=5\*GB3⑤两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that1).Weshoulddoeverything_________isgoodforourstudies.2).Theisthefirstplace________Iwanttovisit.3).Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.4).Thisistheonlything_________wecando.5).Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings________Ihadneverseenbefore.6).Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons__________wewereinterestedin.【答案】1.that2.that/\3.that/\4.that/\5.that/\6.that/\★只用which不用that的情况：=1\*GB3①介词后=2\*GB3②用于非限制定语从句中=3\*GB3③which可指代前面讲到的整件事。1).Thisisthetrainby_______wewenttoBeijing.2).Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.3).Hewaslateforschoolagain,_________madetheteacherveryangry.【答案】whichwhichwhich★只用who不用that的情况：=1\*GB3①先行词是指人的不定代词anyone等或those1).Anyonecomeslateshouldbepunished.2).Headmiredthoselookedbeautiful.【答案】whowho★way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：inwhich或that或\作状语：inwhich或that或\作主宾表：that或\Idon’tlikethewayhespoketoourteacher.Hehasgivenyoutheway______isbesttosolvetheproblem.Iwanttoknowtheway______hetoldyouyesterday.【答案】inwhich/that/\thatthat/\单选题1.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whose2.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut_______hasevertraveledinspace.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose3.Ican'tfindthebook__________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where4.Sheisthegirlinventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.A．whoB．that C．which D.whose5.—Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?—Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;IB.who;mineC.that;meD.which;my6.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that7.Afriendissomeone______says,"What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose【答案】ACCDBCA填空题1.Thehouse_______weliveisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.【答案】1.where2.who/that3.which/that4.who/that5.that6.that7.which/that8.which/that三、关系副词1.when在从句中作时间状语，相当于介词+关系代词（which）I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.when=onwhich(=ontheday)★先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：☆Doyoustillrememberthedays_________therewasnoelectricity?☆Doyoustillrememberthedays____________wespenttogether?【答案】whenwhich/that/\2.where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+关系代词（which）ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.where=inwhich(=inthehouse)★先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：☆Theplace________Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.☆Theplace______________IvisitedlastweekisinShangHai.【答案】wherewhich/that/\★需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句☆Inordertogetstartedinthiscareer,I’mwillingtoacceptanyposition(职位)______Icanshowmyabilities.A.whenB.whereC.towhichD.which【答案】B类似的先行词有：case(情况),situation(情形),point(程度),stage(阶段)…3.why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.why=forwhich(=forthereason)★先行词是thereason时并非都用why☆That’sthereason_______hewaslate.☆That’sthereason____________hegaveme.【答案】whywhich/that/\介词+关系代词=1\*GB3①.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系That’sthenewspaperforwhichIwritearticles.=2\*GB3②.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure.=3\*GB3③.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.注意：介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替.单项选择()1.一WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVprogramcalledReaders?一Wonderful!ItisthebestprogramIhaveeverwatched.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.who()2.Accordingtoasurvey,peopleareabletospeaktwolanguagescanmanagetwothingsatthesametimemoreeasily.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.who()3.一CCTVhasproducedaTVshow-ChinesePoetryCompetition.Haveyouseenit?一Sure.WuYishu,16,studiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoFudanUniversity,isthewinner.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whom()4.TuYouyouisthewomanusedtheplant'sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD./()5.一Whyareyousoworried?一I'velostthewatchmydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.which()6.I'dliketotellyouaboutthetablemannersyoushouldknowwhenyouvisitFrance.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.how()7.RoaldDahlwasagreatchildren'swriter.HisdarkpasthelpedhimpaintapictureWasdifferenttomostotherwriters.A.thatB.whoC./D.whom()8.YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.it()9.一Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?一Ipreferthemoviesmesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whatgivesD.whogives()10.Thisisaheartwarmingstoryaboutaboysavedhismother'slife.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom()11.Lilylovesmusicshecansingalongwith.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom()12.SaraisthegirlhastaughtmehowtouseWeChat.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.who()13.Ihatethedogsliveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom()14.Thecarmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.which()15.Westillrememberthelovelyteachershavetaughtusfor3years.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which()16.Theladyinthekitchenisdoingthedishesismyaunt.A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whom()17.一TomusuallyhelpsotherswithmathproblemsandMr.Lioftenpraiseshimforit.一Iagree.Astudentisalwayshelpingothersisworthpraise.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose()18.一PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.一HeisagreatastronautofalltheChineseareproudA.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom()19.ThisisthebestbookIhaveread.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.who()20.JourneytotheWestisabookinfluencesteenagersa.lot.Itisverypopular.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what【答案】1-10BDCBDAAAAB11-20ADBDABCDAC对比练习1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.②Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms_____shownlastweek.A.whichwas

B.thatwasC.whichwere

D.thatwere2.①Hehastwosons,_____arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and_____arecollegestudents.A.bothofwhich

B.bothofwhomC.bothofthem

D.bothofit【答案】1.①D

②B

2.①B

②C3.①Hestilllivesintheroom_____windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow_____facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom_____isonthethirdfloor.④Hestilllivesi